高考英語復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：簡單句并列句和復(fù)合句復(fù)習(xí)3
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(一)句子種類兩種分類法
1、按句子的用途可分四種:
1)陳述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before.
2)疑問句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she?
3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class
4)感嘆句:How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:
1)簡單句:只有一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句:由并列連詞(and, but, or等)或分號(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
3)復(fù)合句:含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含:名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)、定語從句和狀語從句等。
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
(二)簡單句的五種基本句型
1、主語+系動詞+表語:e.g. He is a student.
2、主語+不及物動詞:e.g. We work.
3、主語+及物動詞+賓語:e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語):e.g. My father bought me a car.
5、主語+及物動詞+復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ)):e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注:其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。
(三)并列句的分類
1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等連接。e.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John.
2、表示選擇,常用的連詞有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.
3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折,常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果關(guān)系,常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
(四)高考考點(diǎn)探討
1、簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎(chǔ)句型的題不多,但是在閱讀中有時(shí)需借助于劃分句子成分去理解,在書面表達(dá)中,沒有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達(dá)清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。有時(shí)把祈使句與反意疑問句結(jié)合于一體來考查。一個(gè)題目,幾個(gè)考點(diǎn),是近幾年命題的發(fā)展趨勢。
3、高考對簡單句、并列句和各種復(fù)合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對連詞的選擇和使用上。如:and, but, or, while,以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞。
4、各種主從復(fù)合句的考查常常與動詞的時(shí)態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起,以賓語從句與狀語從句最為明顯,時(shí)間從句與條件從句中,如果主句是將來時(shí),從句則用一般式表將來,這一點(diǎn)在高考中經(jīng)常考查。
如:We will go outing if it doesn't rain tomorrow。
練習(xí)二、簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句
一、判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句:
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn't there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn't it?
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句:
I hope you are very well( ). I'm fine, but tired( ). Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm( ). August is the hottest month here( ). It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.( ) Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors( ). We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat( ). We have a lot of machines on the farm( ). Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him( ). But he employs more men for the harvest( ). My brother takes care of the vegetable garden( ). It doesn't often rain in the summer here( ). As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden( ). Every evening we pump water from a well( ). It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden( ).
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time( ). These parties often make us very happy( ). We cook meat on an open fire outside( ). It's great( )! Americans eat a lot of meat - too much in my opinion( ). Some of my friends drink beer( ). I don't, because I have to drive home after the party( ). In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States( ). There are five different time areas in the States( ). In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time( ). How many different time areas do you have in China( )? Well, I must stop and get some sleep( ). Please give my best regards to your parents( ).
三、選擇填空:
1. Give me one more minute ____ I'll be able to finish it.
A. and B. or C. if D. so
2. It's the third time that John has been late, ____?
A. hasn't he B. isn't he C. isn't it D. hasn't it
3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
4. Let us pass, ____?
A. shan't we B. shall we C. won't we D. will you
5. I suppose he's serious, ____ ?
A. do I B. don't I C. is he D. isn't he
6. You had better not smoke here, ____?
A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can ____ you'll win the swimming competition.
A. then B. but C. and D. or
8. I'm sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.
A. and B. but C. so D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.
A. Henry hasn't too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.
A. or B. for C. while D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?
---- I'd like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so
12. ---- "____ is the temperature today?" ----"It's 38 degrees."
A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn't an engineer, is he? ---- ____.
A. Yes, he isn't B. No, he isn't C. No, he is D. He is
14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!
A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is
15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.
A. or B. so C. for D. yet
(責(zé)任編輯：郭峰)
特別說明：由于各省份高考政策等信息的不斷調(diào)整與變化，育路高考網(wǎng)所提供的所有考試信息僅供考生及家長參考，敬請考生及家長以權(quán)威部門公布的正式信息為準(zhǔn)。
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