盤點高考英語一輪復習主謂一致知識點

2017-05-04 06:46:58 來源：精品學習網(wǎng)

　主謂一致即謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語保持一致，主謂一致包括語法一致、意義一致和就近一致。以下是主謂一致知識點，請考生學習。

　　1.語法一致原則

　�、僖詥螖�(shù)名詞或代詞動詞不定式短語，動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語為復數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。

　　His father is working on the farm.

　　To study English well is not easy.

　　Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

　　What he said is very important for us all.

　　由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。

　　what I bought were three English books.

　　What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.

　�、谟蛇B接詞and或both…and連接起來的主語后面，要用復數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。但若所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語就用單數(shù)形式。由and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no， each， every 或more than a (an)/one，many a (an) 修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。either， neither， each， every 或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some， any no， every構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。

　　The writer and artist has come.

　　Every student and every teach is in the classroom.

　　Many a boy and many a girl likes it.

　　No boy and no girl likes it.

　　Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today?

　　Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter

　　若none of 后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù)。若它后面的名詞是復數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復數(shù)都可以。

　　None of the sugar was left.

　　None of us has (have) been to America.③在定語從句里，關系代詞that， who， which 等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。

　　Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.

　　He is one of my friends who are working hard.

　　He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.

　　④在強調(diào)句型中應與被強調(diào)部分一致。

　　It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.

　　It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.

　�、萑绻w名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式; 如果它指的集體的成員，其謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。

　　The police are looking for the lost child.

　　The cattle are eating grass in the field.

　　His family has moved to the south .(他的一家)

　　His family are watching TV.(他的家人)

　　Class four is on the third floor.(四班)

　　Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.(四班的學生)

　�、抻蒩 lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名詞構(gòu)成的短語以及由分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。

　　There are a lot of people in the classroom.

　　Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.

　　50 percent of the students in our class are girls.

　　此外，還有a number of +復數(shù)名詞有類似的用法(用復數(shù))，但the number of +復數(shù)名詞的數(shù)就得依number 而定(用單數(shù))。

　　A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.

　　The number of pages in this book is three hundred. ⑦在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應與其后的主語一致

　　There comes the bus.

　　On the wall are many pictures.

　　Such is the result.

　　Such are the facts.

　　Between the two hills stands a monument.

　　2.邏輯意義一致原則

　　①What， who， which， any， more， all 等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定。

　　Which is your bag? Which are your bags?

　　Are any of you good at English? Has any of you got a pen?

　　All can be done has been done. All is going well.

　　All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.

　�、诒硎緯r間重量長度價值等的名詞的復數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體。

　　Thirty minutes is enough for the work……

　　Twenty pounds is too dear.

　　如強調(diào)這類詞的復數(shù)意義，則謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式

　　Forty kilos of water are used every day.

　　③若英語是書名名格言劇名報名國名等的復數(shù)形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。

　　The United States is smaller than China.

　　“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.

　　④表數(shù)量的短語“one and a half”后面接復數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。

　　One and a half apples is left on the table.

　�、菀恍⿲W科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news， works 等。都屬于形式上是復數(shù)的名詞，實際意義為單數(shù)名詞，

　　它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。

　　The paper works was built in 1990.這家造紙廠建于1990年。

　　I don‘t think physics is easy to study.

　�、辴rousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， scissors (剪刀)等詞作主語時，謂語用復數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a(the) pair of等量詞修飾時(clothes被a suit of 修飾)謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

　　My glasses are broken.

　　The pair of shoes under the bed is his.⑦“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人動詞用復數(shù);若表示某一類東西時，動詞用單數(shù)。

　　The old are taken good care of there.

　　The beautiful gives pleasure to all.

　　3.就近(遠)一致原則

　�、佼攦蓚€主語由either or， neither nor， not only but also ，whether or 連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語保持一致，即就近一致。

　　Either the teacher or the students are our friends.

　　Neither he nor they are wholly right.

　　Neither they nor he is wholly right.

　　Is neither he nor they wholly right?

　�、趖here be 句型中be 動詞的單復數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and 連接的兩個主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致，即就近一致。

　　There are two chairs and a desk in the room.

　　There is a desk and two chairs in the room.

　�、壑髡Z后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， no less than， rather than， more than， besides， along with， including， in addition to 等引起的短語，謂語動詞要跟主語一致，即就遠一致。

　　Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China.

　　A woman with a baby was on the bus.

　　Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.

　　She， like you and Tom， is very tall.

　　The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.

　　No one except my teachers knows anything about it.

　　主謂一致知識點的全部內(nèi)容就是這些，希望對考生英語復習有幫助。

　　(責任編輯：郭峰)

　　特別說明：由于各省份高考政策等信息的不斷調(diào)整與變化，育路高考網(wǎng)所提供的所有考試信息僅供考生及家長參考，敬請考生及家長以權威部門公布的正式信息為準。

高考專業(yè)報名咨詢