2017年高考英語必考知識點(diǎn):時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
育路網(wǎng)整理了“2017年高考英語必考知識點(diǎn):時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)”,幫助廣大高中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語知識!
一、動詞時(shí)態(tài)
概述時(shí)態(tài)是一種動詞形式,分為“時(shí)”和“體”。“時(shí)”有現(xiàn)在、過去、將來、過去將來之分;“體”有一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行之分。動詞的動作可發(fā)生于四種不同的時(shí)間,表示四種不同的“體”。每個(gè)“時(shí)”+每種“體”都構(gòu)成一種時(shí)態(tài),共十六種時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)英語科高考復(fù)習(xí)大綱要求掌握其中八種動詞時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、—般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)。
現(xiàn)以動詞study為例,將十六種不同時(shí)態(tài)列表如下:
#FormatImgID_0#時(shí)體 | 現(xiàn)在 | 過去 |
一般 |
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) I study. |
一般過去時(shí) I studied. |
進(jìn)行 |
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) I am studying. |
過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1 was studying. |
完成 |
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) I have studied. |
過去完成時(shí) I had studied. |
完成 進(jìn)行 |
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) I have been studying. |
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) I had been studying. |
時(shí)#FormatImgID_1#體 | 將來 | 過去將來 |
一般 |
一般將來時(shí) I shall study. |
過去將來時(shí) I should study. |
進(jìn)行 |
將來進(jìn)行時(shí) I shall be studying. |
過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí) I should be studying. |
完成 |
將來完成時(shí) I shall have studied. |
過去將來完成時(shí) I should have studied. |
完成 進(jìn)行 |
將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí) I shall have been studying. |
過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí) I should have been studying |
二、動詞時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法
(一)一般體
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
(1)表習(xí)慣性的、現(xiàn)在反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài),這類句子常用的時(shí)間狀語有always,every day,now and then,often,sometimes等。例如:
He usually
�、� (go) to bed at ten.
他通常十點(diǎn)鐘睡覺。
(2)表客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理。例如:
Sound ② (travel) slower than light.
(3)-些動詞如:begin,come,go,leave,start等,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將要發(fā)生的動作。例如:
The sports meeting ③ (begin) on(】ctober 5.
(4)if,unless,when,before,as soon as,until,once引導(dǎo)的狀i吾從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。例如:
Please call me as soon as she arrives.
Ifl ④ (graduate) from school,l'lllook for a part-time job.
2.-般過去時(shí)
(l)表示 在過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的動作,常與表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示)。例如:⑤ (meet) him in the street yesterday.
(2)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,也可用“u。ed to do”和“would+動詞原形”。例如:⑥(use to) leave for school at 7:00 a.m,.
3.-般將來時(shí)
(1)表示將來會出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)。例如:
They will have an exam in two days.
(2)“be going to+動詞原形”表示說話者明確的打算j或確信會發(fā)生的事,多用于口語中。例如:
We ⑦ hold a meeting to discuss the problem.
(3)“be about to+動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的動作,意為“正要,即將”,不可與時(shí)間狀語連用,但可與wh。n或:
as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用。例如:
He was about to leave when x came ;離開As I came,he ⑧ leave當(dāng)我來的時(shí)候他正要離開
(4)“be to+動詞原形”是按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事。
例如:
I ⑨meet Mr. Black at ten o'clock this moming.今天上午十點(diǎn)我要會見布萊克先生。
(二)進(jìn)行體
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)( am/is/are+doing)(1)表示說話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。例如:
The workers are building a new hospital.
(2)少數(shù)動詞amve,begin,come,do,die,go,leave,lose,retum等可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生的動作。例如:
My father is returning at three this afternoonI ⑩(see) him this evening.我今天晚上見他。
2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)( was/were+doing)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作,常與at that moment,at that time,at this time yesterday等連用。例如:
At this time yesterday,she was having lunch.
(三)完成體
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has+過去分詞)(1)表示動作發(fā)生在過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,用于某些延續(xù)性動詞,常與for,smce等時(shí)間狀語連用。例如:
They have been good friends since their primaryschool days.
She_ ⑾ (live) in Kunming since 1980.
(2)動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響。例如:
The boy has made great progress in English.
(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用在條件或時(shí)間狀語從句中,表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前完成的動作。例如:
She will come as soon as she has finished her work.
2.過去完成時(shí)(had+過去分詞)(l)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一動作之前完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài),即“過去的過去”。例如:
After he had done his homework,he took a walk inthe garden
(2)用by和before引導(dǎo)的短語,如by that time,bythe end of,before等表示。例如:
By two o'clock yesterday afternoon they had finishedthe work.
(3)在It was the first/second/... time+that從句和It was+-般時(shí)間+ since從句中,that從句和slnce從句中的謂語要用過去完成時(shí)。例如:
It was the third time that he had stolen things.
It was two months since she_ ⑿一(leave) herhometown
“2017年高考英語必考知識點(diǎn):時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)”已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)在各位考生面前,希望同學(xué)們認(rèn)真閱讀學(xué)習(xí),更多精彩盡在育路網(wǎng)!
(責(zé)任編輯:郭峰)
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