2017年高考英語語法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用
為了幫助大家能夠?qū)ψ约憾鄬W(xué)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)有所鞏固，下文整理了這篇2017年高考英語語法，希望可以幫助到大家!
高考英語重點(diǎn)語法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
I.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
用 ?法
否定式
疑問式
簡(jiǎn)答式
can
能力(體力，智力，技能)
允許或許可(口語中常用)
可能性(表猜測(cè)，用于否定句或疑問句中)
can not / cannot /can’t do
Can…do…?
Yes，…can.
No，…can’t.
could
couldn’t do
may
可以(問句中表示請(qǐng)求)
可能，或許(表推測(cè))
祝愿(用于倒裝句中)
may not do
May…do…?
Yes，…may.
No，…mustn’t/can’t.
might
might not do
Might…do…?
Yes，…might
No，…might not.
must
必須，應(yīng)該(表主觀要求)
肯定，想必(肯定句中表推測(cè))
must not/mustn’t do
Must…do…? ? ? to.
Yes，…must.
No，…needn’t/don’t have
have to
只好，不得不(客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱的變化)
don’t have to do
Do…have to do…?
Yes，…do.
No，…don’t.
ought to
應(yīng)當(dāng)(表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語中多用should)
ought not to/oughtn’t to do
Ought…to do…?
Yes，…ought.
No，…oughtn’t.
shall
用于一三人稱征求對(duì)方意見
用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等
shall not/shan’t do
Shall…do…?
Yes，…shall.
No，…shan’t.
should
應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該(表義務(wù)責(zé)任)
本該(含有責(zé)備意味)
should not/shouldn’t do
Should…do…?
will
意愿，決心
請(qǐng)求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉
will not/won’t do
Will/Would…do…?
Yes，…will.
No，…won’t.
would
would not/wouldn’t do
dare
敢(常用于否定句和疑問句中)
dare not/daren’t do
Dare…do…?
Yes，…dare.
No，…daren’t.
need
需要，必須(常用于否定句和疑問句中)
need not/needn’t do
Need…do…?
Yes，…must. No，…needn’t.
used to
過去常常(現(xiàn)在已不再)
used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do
didn’t use to do
Used…to do…?
Did…use to do…?
Yes，…used.
No，…use(d)n’t.
Yes，…did.
No，…didn’t.
II.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的重點(diǎn)知識(shí)
表示“能力、許可”的can和may
表示能力的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用can/could
A computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to do.
A.can’t ? ? ? ?B.mustn’t ? ? C.may not ? ?D.might not
表示許可時(shí)用may/might ，can/could 都可以，但在問句中用could…?或might…?以使口氣委婉客氣，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口氣明確(must表示一定，必須，mustn’t表示禁止，不許可)。
�、�—Could I call you ?by your first name? ? —Yes， you______
A.will ? ? ?B.could ? ?C.may ? ?D.might
�、贘ohnny， you_____play with the knife， you_____hurt yourself.
A.won’t/can’t ? ? ? ? ?B.mustn’t/may
C.shouldn’t/must ? ? ? D.can’t/shouldn’t
在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場(chǎng)合的能力，而要用was/were able to.
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but
everyone_____get out.
A.had to ? ? ?B.would ? ? ? C.could ? ? ? D.was able to
表示“推斷、判斷”的can
may，must
在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定，may表示的是事實(shí)上的可能性。
Peter______come with us tonight， but he isn’t very sure yet.
A.must ? ? ? B.may ? ? ? C.can ? ? ? ? D.will
而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性：
Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.
在否定句中只能用can和may.所以can’t時(shí)用以代替mustn’t，語氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能。
Michael______be a policeman， for he’s much too short.
A.needn’t ? ? B.can’t ? ? ? C.should ? ? ?D.may
在疑問句只能用can，不能用may和must.
He may be very busy now. ? ? ? Can he be very busy now?
He must be very busy now. ? ? ? Can he be very busy now?
need
need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問句。
dare
dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)有兩種形式：dare和dared兩個(gè)詞形，除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。
If he dare come，I will kick him out. ?I don’t know whether he
dare say.
注意：He doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.(否定句)
Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?(疑問句)
shall
用于第一人稱：征求對(duì)方的意見。
What shall we do this evening?
用于第二、三人稱：警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。
You shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告
He shall have the book when I finish reading.允諾
He shall be punished.威脅
should
勸告、建議、命令、應(yīng)該做、道義上的責(zé)任。
You should(ought to) go to class right away.
I should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.
will/would
請(qǐng)求、建議，would比will委婉客氣。
Would you pass me the book?
表示意志、愿望和決心。
I will never do that again.
They asked us if we would do that again
would可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。
During the vacation he would visit me every week
The wound would not heal.(傷口老是不能愈合)
would表示估計(jì)或猜想。
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done的用法
could+have done:本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做。
You could have done better， but you didn’t try your best.
cannot+ have done:表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過去行為的否定推測(cè)。
He cannot have been to that town.
can+主語+ have done:表示對(duì)過去行為的懷疑或不肯定(用在疑問句中)。
Can he have got the book?
might(may)+ have done:對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測(cè)。
He may not have finished the work.
If we had taken the other road， we might have arrived earlier.
must+ have done:對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測(cè)。
其否定式為：cannot have done.
You must have seen the film.
You cannot have seen the film.
needn’t+ have done:本來不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了。
You needn’t have watered the flowers，for it is going to rain.
注意：didn’t need to(have to)do:
沒有必要做而實(shí)際上也沒有做
I didn’t need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.
should(ought to)+ have done:本來應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
You should have started earlier， but you didn’t.
She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape，
for I worked to use it.
注意：He should have finished the work by now.(表推測(cè))
虛擬語氣
類 ? 別
用 ? 法
例 ? 句
If引導(dǎo)的
條件從句
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
從句動(dòng)詞：過去式(be用were)
主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+do
If he were here， he would help us.
與過去事實(shí)相反
從句動(dòng)詞：had+done
主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+have+done
If I had been free，I would have visited you.
與將來事實(shí)相反
從句動(dòng)詞：過去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/were+to do
主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形
If it should rain tomorrow， we would not go camping.
省略if的虛擬條件句
將虛擬條件從句中的were，had，should放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝
�、賁hould he come ，tell him to ring me up.
②Were I you，I would not do it.
③Had I been free，I would have visited you.
混合虛擬條件句
不同時(shí)間的虛擬：各遵守各的規(guī)則
①If he had listened to me， he would not be in trouble now.
�、贗f he had told me yesterday，I should know what to do now.
�、跧f I were you， I would have gone to her birthday party.
虛擬與陳述的混合：各遵守各的規(guī)則
①He could have passed the exam，but he wasn’t careful enough.
②You should have come earlier.The bus left a moment ago.
含蓄虛擬
條件句
but for+名詞表示虛擬條件
句子或主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式視具體情況而定。這是考查考生應(yīng)變能力的最佳試題。
---But for your timely warning，we ______ into great trouble.
---You know we’re friends.
A. would get ? ? ? ? ?B. must have got
C. would have got ? ? ?D. can’t have got
without+名詞表示虛擬條件
Without the air to hold some of the sun‘s heat， the earth at night would be freezing cold.
動(dòng)詞不定式表示虛擬條件
It would be only partly right to follow in this way.
如果用這種方式，僅僅對(duì)了一半。
現(xiàn)在分詞表示虛擬條件
Having known in time ，we might have prevented the accident.要是及時(shí)得知的話，我們也許能阻止這場(chǎng)事故。
過去分詞表示虛擬條件
Given more attention， the tree could have grown better.
如果多留心的話，這樹本來可以長(zhǎng)的更好。
副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件
I was too busy at that time.Otherwise，I would have called you.我當(dāng)時(shí)太忙，否則我就給你打電話了。
連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件
He _____fatter but he eats too little 。
A. would become ? ? ?B. would have become
C. must become ? ? ? D. must have become
其它
狀語從句
as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動(dòng)詞用did或had+done或would/could/might+do.
注意：as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中也可以用陳述語氣：
當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)：
It sounds as if it is raining.聽起來像是在下雨。
He talks as if he is drunk.從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。
�、倥c現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
He talks as if he knew where she was.
�、谂c過去事實(shí)相反
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.
�、叟c將來事實(shí)相反
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
in order that/so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動(dòng)詞用can/could/may/ might/ would等+do
Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.
賓語從句
demand， suggest， order， insist后接的從句中動(dòng)詞為should+do
He suggested that we not change our mind.
wish后的從句中分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would+do表示與現(xiàn)在，過去和將來情況相反
I wish I could be a pop singer.
I wish I would have gone to Shanghai last month.
主語從句
在It is necessary / important / strange that…
It is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等從句中，
謂語動(dòng)詞用should+do
It is strange that such a person should be our friends.
其它
句型中
It is time that…句型中動(dòng)詞用過去式或should+do
It’s high time that we left/should leave.
would rather所接的從句中動(dòng)詞用過去式或者過去完成式
I would rather you stayed at home now.
If only句型中動(dòng)詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望
If only our dream had
以上就是育路網(wǎng)的編輯為各位考生帶來的高考英語必背考點(diǎn)，希望給各位考生帶來幫助。
(責(zé)任編輯：盧雁明)
特別說明：由于各省份高考政策等信息的不斷調(diào)整與變化，育路高考網(wǎng)所提供的所有考試信息僅供考生及家長(zhǎng)參考，敬請(qǐng)考生及家長(zhǎng)以權(quán)威部門公布的正式信息為準(zhǔn)。
分享“2017年高考英語語法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣的運(yùn)用”到：
高考最新動(dòng)態(tài)
- 2018年江西省體育單招考試文化課統(tǒng)考安
- 北京市高校招生體檢結(jié)果4月20日起可查詢
- 上海市4月高中生學(xué)業(yè)水平考試成績(jī)于4月
- 2018年青海省高校招生體育專業(yè)統(tǒng)考時(shí)間
- 2018年北京市高中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試于6月底開
- 2018年重慶市高職考試分?jǐn)?shù)線公布
- 2018年北京市高中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試時(shí)間安排
- 2018年浙江省4月學(xué)考選考首日 51.3萬考
- 廣東省自學(xué)考試商務(wù)、金融管理等專業(yè)考
- 2018年青海省將實(shí)行平行志愿投檔錄取方
