高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法運(yùn)用解析：主從復(fù)合句
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高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法運(yùn)用解析：主從復(fù)合句
主從復(fù)合句(狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句)
【考點(diǎn)分析】
狀語(yǔ)從句
1.when, while, as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別;
2.名詞詞組the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作連詞，引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;
3.before,和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法以及常見(jiàn)的幾個(gè)句型;
4.till和until的用法;
5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的用法;
6.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中“so…that”與“such…that”的區(qū)別;
7.條件狀語(yǔ)從句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引導(dǎo)詞的用法;
8.“疑問(wèn)詞+ever”和“no matter+疑問(wèn)詞”引導(dǎo)從句的用法;
9. in case引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句;
10.where引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句;
11.once引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。
12.與祈使句、定語(yǔ)從句、名詞從句、倒裝句以及與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的混合考查。
名詞從句
1. that和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別;
2.名詞從句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài);
3. it作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)的幾種情況;
4.賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移;
5.whether和if的用法區(qū)別;
6.what在名詞性從句中的使用;
7.doubt后的名詞性從句的使用;
8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法區(qū)別;
9.連接詞that的省略;
定語(yǔ)從句
1.that與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別;
2.who、whom與whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別;
3.關(guān)系副詞where、when與why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別;
4.對(duì)“as”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的考查;
5. such…as與such…that的區(qū)別;the same…as與the same…that的區(qū)別;
6.對(duì)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的考查;
7.the way 作先行詞時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞作狀語(yǔ)用in which ,that 或者省略;
8.含有插入語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句;
9.與并列句、狀語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句以及與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的混合考查。
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納】
I.句子的種類
復(fù)習(xí)主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，我們首先要對(duì)句子的種類有所了解，才能更深入地掌握主從復(fù)合句的知識(shí)。
按用途分
種 類
類 型
例 句
陳述句
肯定句
We love our motherland. 我們熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)。
否定句
They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他們星期日不上班。
疑問(wèn)句
一般疑問(wèn)句
Are you a worker? 你是個(gè)工人嗎?
Haven’t you seen the film? 你沒(méi)看過(guò)這部電影嗎?
特殊疑問(wèn)句
Who is the man? 這人是誰(shuí)?
When do you watch TV? 你什么時(shí)間看電視?
What are they doing now? 他們現(xiàn)在正在干什么?
選擇疑問(wèn)句
Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水還是要咖啡?哪種都行。
Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French.
他學(xué)日語(yǔ)還是學(xué)法語(yǔ)?他學(xué)法語(yǔ)。
反意疑問(wèn)句
They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他們要去機(jī)場(chǎng)，是嗎?
You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你沒(méi)做完作業(yè)，是嗎?
祈使句
肯定句
Be sure to get there at eight. 務(wù)必八點(diǎn)鐘到那兒。
否定句
Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 別擔(dān)心，我會(huì)幫助你的。
感嘆句
what + 名詞
What great changes we have had these years!
這幾年我們有了多么大的變化啊!
What a fine day it is! 多好的天氣呀!
how + 形容詞或副詞
How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀!
How hard they are working! 他們工作多努力呀!
how +句子
How time flies! 時(shí)間過(guò)得多么快呀!
How + adj.+a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj.+n
How nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! 多好的孩子啊!
按結(jié)構(gòu)分
種類
類型
例 句
簡(jiǎn)單句
主+謂
They disappeared. 他們消失了。
主+謂+賓
He likes swimming.他喜歡游泳。
We help each other. 我們互相幫助。
主+謂+間賓+直接賓
I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。
They sent us a telegram. 他們給我們拍了電報(bào)。
主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)
They named the boy Jack. 他們給孩子起名叫杰克。
I want everything ready by eight o’clock.
我要求一切都要在八點(diǎn)前準(zhǔn)備好。
主+系+表
She is a university student. 她是一名大學(xué)生。
He has become a pilot. 他已成為一名飛行員。
并列句
并列關(guān)系and, not only…but also, neither …nor, both…and, not…but,
Eitheryoudoit,orIaskforsomebodyelsetodoit.
要么你來(lái)做，要么我請(qǐng)其他人來(lái)做。
NeitherTomnorJackhasfinishedthehomework.
湯姆和杰克都沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。
Notcouldn’ttheycompletethetask,butthetaskwastootough.
不是他們完不成任務(wù)，而是任務(wù)太重了。
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,while(而，盡管)
nevertheless(然而;不過(guò))
Johnlikesplayingbasketball,buthedidn’tplayityesterday.
約翰喜歡打籃球，但他昨天沒(méi)打。
選擇關(guān)系or, otherwise or else, either…or
We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train.
我們必須快點(diǎn)，否則會(huì)趕不上火車(chē)。
Either you come to my place or I go to yours.
或者你到我這兒來(lái)，或者我到你那去。
因果關(guān)系for, so, thus, therefore, and so
We had better stay at home, for it was raining.
我們最好呆在家里，因?yàn)樘煺谙掠辍?/p>
He didn’t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination.
他學(xué)習(xí)不努力，因此這次考試不及格。
復(fù)合句
由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。在復(fù)合句中主句是全句的主體，從句是全句的一個(gè)成分，不能獨(dú)立。
從句有：
名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句)
狀語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句
(詳細(xì)請(qǐng)看以下內(nèi)容)
II.狀語(yǔ)從句
狀語(yǔ)從句是每年高考必考的內(nèi)容，在高考試題中加上其它從句的干擾，以及倒裝句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句的介入，使得狀語(yǔ)從句更為復(fù)雜。
1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,as soon as,now that,hardly…when,
scarcely…when,no sooner…than,有一些表示時(shí)間的副詞(短語(yǔ))或名詞短語(yǔ)也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：directly,instantly,immediately,by the time，the moment,the second,the minute,the instant,every time,each time,next time,the last time等
重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容如下：
①when,while,as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
▲as表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。
She came up as I was cooking.(同時(shí))
The runners started as the gun went off.(幾乎同時(shí))
▲when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，又可表示在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。
It was raining when we arrived.(指時(shí)間點(diǎn))
When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi))
When we arrived there,the film had already begun.(先后發(fā)生)
▲while意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”。主句中的動(dòng)作或事情在從句中的動(dòng)作或事情的進(jìn)展過(guò)程中發(fā)生，從句中的動(dòng)詞一般要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。在when表示a period of time時(shí)，兩者可以互換。
Please don’t talk so loud while/when others are working.
He fell asleep while/when reading.
Strike while the iron is hot.( 不可用as或when，這里的while意思是“趁……”)
②before狀語(yǔ)從句的重點(diǎn)句型
▲……之后……才：It was a long time before I got to sleep .
▲不多久……就：It wasn’t long before he told me about the affair.
▲不等……就：Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
▲剛……就：He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.
▲先……再：You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.
�、踫ince 引導(dǎo)的從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(包括過(guò)去完成時(shí))，則從句的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,從句意思是否定的。如果從句的動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的用完成時(shí)態(tài)，從句意思是肯定的。
▲He has never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后，他一直未來(lái)看我。(不在生病了)
▲He has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了，他一直未來(lái)看我。
▲I haven’t heard from him since he lived here.
自從他這里搬走，我就沒(méi)有收到他的信。(不住在這兒了)
▲I know him very well since he has lived here near us.自他住在我們附近以來(lái)，我對(duì)他很了解。
▲It’s three years since I was in the army.我退伍已三年了。(不在服役了)
▲It’s three years since I have been in the army=It's three years since he joined the army.
我入伍已三年了。
�、苋绻ctill與until從句使用的主句是肯定的，則主句中謂語(yǔ)要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如果與其使用的主句是否肯定的，則主句中謂語(yǔ)要用短暫性動(dòng)詞。另till從句不可以置于句首，只有until從句可以放在句首。not until 放在句首時(shí)主句要倒裝。
2.原因狀語(yǔ)從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：as(由于),because(因?yàn)?, since(既然),now (that) (既然), considering that(顧及到), seeing that(由于)。
I do it because I like it.因?yàn)槲蚁矚g我才干。(because不能與 so連用)
He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能見(jiàn)過(guò)我，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)我不在那兒。
Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.
由于好些人都沒(méi)到會(huì)，我們決定延期開(kāi)會(huì)
Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.
既然大家都來(lái)了咱們就設(shè)法做一個(gè)決定吧
As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.
由于病了，她沒(méi)來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。
Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
考慮到他們才剛剛學(xué)做，他們干得算很不錯(cuò)的了。
重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容如下：
①because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，用于回答why的提問(wèn)，可與強(qiáng)調(diào)詞only,just 以及否定詞not 連用。但不可以與so連用。如You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.另外注意與not連用時(shí)否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。He didn’t do such a thing because he was afraid of his wife.他并不是因?yàn)榕滤钠拮硬抛鲞@樣的事。
Cf:He didn’t do such a thing,because he was afraid of his wife.因?yàn)榕缕拮�，他沒(méi)有做這樣的事。
because引導(dǎo)的從句可以被強(qiáng)調(diào)：
It was because she wanted to study abroad that she entered for TOEFL
�、赼s語(yǔ)氣較弱，since語(yǔ)氣也較弱，但比as正式一些,所說(shuō)明的原因比較明顯或是已知的事實(shí)，多用于口語(yǔ)中，所以不應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)。常置于句首。
As all the seats were full,he stood there.
Since you are going,I’ll go,too.
�、踗or雖解釋為“因?yàn)?rdquo;但只是一個(gè)并列連詞，它引導(dǎo)的是并列句，不是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
The day was short,for it was December.
3.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo):where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere。
Anywhere he went,he got warm welcome.
The girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.
Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武漢位于長(zhǎng)江和漢水匯合處。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.
哪兒有問(wèn)題，你最好在哪兒做個(gè)記號(hào)。(這里where引導(dǎo)的從句不是定語(yǔ)從句)
4.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：that，so…that，so that(從句中不帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)，such…that，with the result that等。
注意以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：
�、賡o+adj/adv+that…
�、趕uch(a/an+adj)+n+that…
③so+adj+a/an+n+that=such a/an+adj+n+that…
�、躶o many/much/few/little(少)+n+that…
注意以上結(jié)構(gòu)與定語(yǔ)從句so/such…as的區(qū)別。
This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that/as everyone wants to see it/(it).
He didn’t plan his time well so that/so he didn’t finish the work in time.
他沒(méi)把時(shí)間計(jì)劃好，結(jié)果沒(méi)按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。
We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
我們走得匆忙，把門(mén)都忘了鎖了。
The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.
這村子太小，所以這地圖上沒(méi)有。
Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much
= Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much
Jenny是如此聰明的女孩，以至老師們都非常喜歡她。
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
我摔了許多跤，以至于渾身青一塊紫一塊
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.
他朋友很少，所以經(jīng)常感到孤獨(dú)。
I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present.
我當(dāng)時(shí)囊中羞澀連一份小小禮物都買(mǎi)不起
5.目的狀語(yǔ)從句
由下列連詞引導(dǎo)：so that,in order that,for fear that等。目的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might, should連用目的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might, should連用。
(so that也可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，但從句中不帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)
Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.
我們坐前排吧，這樣我們看得更清楚些。
School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.
早點(diǎn)兒放學(xué)是為了讓孩子們?cè)诒╋L(fēng)雨到來(lái)之前回家。
He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.
他把名字寫(xiě)下省得忘了。(該從句中一般用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should+動(dòng)詞原形，或省略should)
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
最好多帶些衣服以防天氣會(huì)冷。
注意：so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后，in order that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前或之后。
6.條件狀語(yǔ)從句
分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句(用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中)。
表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句可以由if(如果),unless(除非), in case(萬(wàn)一), so /as long as(只要), as/ so far as(就……而言), on condition that(條件是……)suppose(假設(shè))supposing(假設(shè))(僅用在問(wèn)句中)
等詞或詞組引導(dǎo)。一般情況下當(dāng)主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
As/So long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.
只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的方法。
Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.萬(wàn)一你有什么困難，請(qǐng)給我們一個(gè)信兒。
If you leave at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning, you’d better get to bed now.
如果你明早6點(diǎn)鐘走，你最好現(xiàn)在就上床。
We’ll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
只要你能保持整潔，我們可以讓你使用這個(gè)房間。
As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.據(jù)我所知，他是一個(gè)DNA專家。
He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low.
他會(huì)接受這項(xiàng)工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的話。
Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do?
假設(shè)我們弄不到足夠的食物，那我們?cè)趺崔k?
(責(zé)任編輯：郭峰)
特別說(shuō)明：由于各省份高考政策等信息的不斷調(diào)整與變化，育路高考網(wǎng)所提供的所有考試信息僅供考生及家長(zhǎng)參考，敬請(qǐng)考生及家長(zhǎng)以權(quán)威部門(mén)公布的正式信息為準(zhǔn)。
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