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高二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)：倒裝句講解

2016-11-22 21:40:24 來(lái)源：中國(guó)教育網(wǎng)

　　1.倒裝句的定義：英語(yǔ)最基本的詞序是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面。

　　如果把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前面，就叫做倒裝。

　　2. 倒裝句的構(gòu)成

　　a) 完全倒裝

　　將句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)完全顛倒過(guò)來(lái)，稱(chēng)之為完全倒裝。

　　Are you from here? 你是本地人嗎?

　　Now comes the chance. 機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)了。

　　b) 部分倒裝

　　只將助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)之前，謂語(yǔ)的其他部分仍保留在主語(yǔ)的后面，稱(chēng)之為部分倒裝。例如：

　　Has he come? 他來(lái)了嗎?

　　Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我們難得像在這里這么舒服。

　　Only in this way can we do the work better.

　　只有這樣我們才能把工作做得更好。

　　3. 倒裝的原因

　　a) 句子語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。例如：

　　Did you attend the meeting? 你參加會(huì)議了嗎?

　　Long live peace! 和平萬(wàn)歲!

　　b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如：

　　Such were his last words. 他最后的話就是這樣。

　　c)強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要。倒裝以后，句子更加流暢生動(dòng)。例如：

　　Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣的情景。

　　Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我們前面有很多困難。

　　Often did we warn them not to do so. 我們?cè)啻尉嫠麄儾灰@樣做。

　　4. 倒裝句的基本用法

　　a) 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句(除對(duì)主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)之定語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句外)：

　　When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我們什么時(shí)候喝你們的喜酒?

　　Have you seen the film? 你看了那部電影嗎?

　　b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中:

　　Away went the crowd one by one. 人們一個(gè)一個(gè)地離去。

　　Here comes our teacher! 我們的老師來(lái)了!

　　c) 副詞only+狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí):

　　Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那時(shí)他才認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。

　　Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用這種方法你才能學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)。

　　d) 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等)放在句首時(shí):

　　Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我沒(méi)有想到他竟能活著回來(lái)。

　　Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。

　　Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.

　　火車(chē)剛一進(jìn)站，我們就跑到臥車(chē)那兒去找我們的客人。

　　e) 副詞so或 neither(nor)在句首:

　　He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他對(duì)流行歌曲感興趣，我也如此。

　　He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他沒(méi)有去過(guò)農(nóng)村，他也不想去那里。

　　f) 在方式狀語(yǔ)thus開(kāi)頭的句子中及程度狀語(yǔ)so放句首:

　　Thus ended his life. 這樣結(jié)束了他的生命。

　　So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他講話的聲音那樣大，連隔壁屋子里的人都聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。

　　. so作“也”講時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序，例如：

　　He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看電影了，我也去了。

　　如不作“也”講而只起連詞作用，表示一種結(jié)果的意思，句子就要用正常語(yǔ)序。例如：

　　His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母親叫他去看電影，他就去了。

　　“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “確實(shí)如此。”

　　3. 某些讓步狀語(yǔ)從句往往把表語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)前面或放在句首，以構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

　　No matter how interesting the book is，he doesn't like to read it.不管這本書(shū)多有趣，他都不想看。

　　However hard a solid may be，we can change its shape. 不管一個(gè)固體有多硬，我們都可以改變其形狀。

　　Young as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他年輕，卻知道很多東西。

　　4. 在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，如果非真實(shí)條件句省略if，須將主句中的were, had和should等助動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)顛倒形成部分倒裝。例如：

　　Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年輕一些，他就會(huì)去學(xué)溜冰。

　　Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods

　　如果他們忘記帶一張地圖的話，他們就會(huì)在深林里迷路。

　　Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldn’t have refused to

　　accept it. 假如他們認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)任務(wù)是多么重要的話，他們就不致于拒絕接受這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。

　　單項(xiàng)選擇

　　1. My brother had a cold last week, _________.

　　A. so had I B. so did I

　　C. I had so D. so I had

　　2. Not until _________ home __________ his parents had been ill for three days.

　　A. he got; he knew B. did he get; he knew

　　C. he got; did he know D. did he get; did he know

　　3. In hardly any situation ________ find her sad.

　　A. that you can B. that can you

　　C. you can D. can you

　　4. Be quick! _________.

　　A. The bus comes here B. Here comes the bus

　　C. The bus here comes D. Here is the bus coming

　　5. In ________ and the lesson began.

　　A. the teacher came B. the teacher coming

　　C. came the teacher D. did the teacher come

　　6. On the wall _________ two large portraits.

　　A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging

　　7. --- Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?

　　--- I don’t know, _________.

　　A. nor don’t I care B. nor do I care

　　C. I don’t care neither D. neither don’t I care

　　8. Only when _________ how important it is to master English.

　　A. did I work I realized B. I worked did I realize

　　C. did I work did I realize D. I worked I realized

　　9. _______ in the darkness that he did not dare to move an inch.

　　A. So frightened he was B. So frightened was he

　　C. He was frightened so D. So he was frightened

　　10. _______, she is still as strong as you.

　　A as old she is B. Old as she is

　　C. As she is old D. As old is she

　　(責(zé)任編輯：陳海巖)

　　特別說(shuō)明：由于各省份高考政策等信息的不斷調(diào)整與變化，育路高考網(wǎng)所提供的所有考試信息僅供考生及家長(zhǎng)參考，敬請(qǐng)考生及家長(zhǎng)以權(quán)威部門(mén)公布的正式信息為準(zhǔn)。

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