高考英語語法時態(tài)與語態(tài)實例點撥
高考英語語法時態(tài)與語態(tài)句子背誦
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(經(jīng)常、習慣、真理格言、時刻表、主將從現(xiàn))
do / does → am / is / are done
常搭配的時間狀語：always, often, usually, sometimes, at times, on Saturdays, every day, once a month, frequently, every+基數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)(每隔…) …
翻譯：
1.就像老話說的那樣，失敗是成功之母。
As the saying goes, failure is the mother of success.
2.我們每兩周回家一次。
We go home every other week.
3.他每天早上5：30起床，晚上10：00上床睡覺。
He gets up at 5：30 every morning and go to bed at 10：00 every night.
4.作業(yè)每天都做。(用被動語態(tài))
Homework is done everyday.
5.我們家附近有一家醫(yī)院，這對我們很必要。
There is a hospital nearby which is necessary for us.
6.我的航班于上午10點鐘起飛。
My flight takes off at 10:00 AM.
7.如果你盡力的話你會成功的。
You’ll succeed if you try your best.
8.他一來我就告訴他這件事。
I’ll tell him about it as soon as he comes.
補充：want, hope, plan, expect, intend, mean, suppose, think本身一般現(xiàn)在時后接不定式表示將來的含義
9.我打算上一所重點大學。
I expect to go to a key university.
做題法寶：一看主語定單復數(shù)、定語態(tài)，二看狀語或其他句子中的動詞定時態(tài)
二.一般過去式
did → was/were done
常搭配的時間狀語：yesterday, last week/month, ago, in the past, in 1980, in the 1980s, the day before yesterday, the other day(不久前的一天), at that time, later that day, once upon a time,…
翻譯：
1.我小學上了五年。
I studied at the primary school for five years.
2.我半年前加入了這個俱樂部。
I joined the club half a year ago.
3.自從他加入到這個俱樂部已經(jīng)半年了。
It has been half a year since I joined the club.
4..他在拐角處停下把空瓶子扔進了垃圾箱。
He stopped at the corner and dropped the empty bottle into the dustbin.
5.從1952年到1959年他在部隊當了7年兵。
He served in the army from 1952 to 1959 for seven years.
6.中國不再是它過去的樣子了。
China is no longer what it used to be.
7.過去，他寫了五部小說。
Five novels were written by him in the past.
8.是時候努力學習了。
It’s high time that you worked hard.
9.如果我是你的話，我會更努力學習Englishtec。
If I were you, I would work harder.
三、現(xiàn)在完成時(動作始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能繼續(xù)下去)
has / have done →has / have been done
常搭配的時間狀語：lately, recently, in/over/during the past/last few days, these days, so far, by now, up to now, till now,…
1.這是到這個學校以來，我出席的最重要的講座。
It is the most important lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
2.到目前為止，Tom已經(jīng)學了2000個英語單詞了。
So far, Tom has learned 2000 English words.
3.她教英語有20年了。
She has taught English for 20 years.
4.你去過倫敦嗎?
Have you ever been to London?
5. So far, progress _____has been______ (be) very good and we are sure that the work________will be finished________
(finish) on time.
6.—I ____haven’t found________(find) the book till now.
---Don’t worry. You may have left it at home.
7.His first novel _____has received________(receive) good reviews since it___came out_____(出版、發(fā)行) last month.
8.In the past few years thousands of films ___have been produced_________(produce) all over the world.
四、過去完成時
had done → had been done
常搭配的時間狀語: by then, until then,by that time, before 2000, by the end of last month, by the time he was ten,…
過去完成時的用法：
1.過去的過去;到過去某個時間為止的動作
2.hardly/scarely(過完)… when(一般過去)
no sooner(過完)… than(一般過去) 表示“剛…就…”
3.It/This/That was + the 序數(shù)詞 time + that (過完) “那是第幾次做…”
4.hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等用于過去完成時時表示未實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖，意為“原本…”
1.他說他在國外呆了3年了。
He said he had been abroad for 3 years.
2.在我回家之前他已經(jīng)離開了。
He had left before I got home.
3.到上個學期末，我已經(jīng)學了3000歌單詞。
By the end of last term, I had learnt 3000 words.
4.比賽剛剛開始就開始下雨了。
Hardly had the game began when it started to rain.
5.那是他第三次犯同一個錯誤了。
It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.
6.我本想幫你的，但當時太忙了。
I had intended to help you, but I was too busy.
五、現(xiàn)在進行時
am/is/are doing →am/is/are being done
現(xiàn)在進行時的用法：
1.說話時或者現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作;
2.某些短暫性動詞如come/go/start/ open /close/arrive/return/begin/leave用于進行時表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作;
3.與always / continually/ constantly/forever/all the time 連用表示反復出現(xiàn)或習慣性的動作，含有厭惡、贊賞、遺憾等情緒
1.我們的朋友現(xiàn)在正在外邊等我們呢。
Our friends are waiting for us outside.
2.她現(xiàn)在正在大學學英語。
She is studying English in college.
3.我爸媽這周六要來看我。
My parents are coming to see my this Statuary.
4.他總是先想到其他人。
He is always thinking of others first.
5.教學樓正在被建。
The building is being built now.
六、過去進行時
was/were doing → was/were being done
常用時間狀語：at this/that time + 過去時間;at…o’clock + 過去時間;from…to…+過去時間; those days; just now; last night
1.昨天晚上9點鐘你在干什么呢?
What were you doing at nine last night?
2.那個男孩子正在寫作業(yè)的時候突然他爸爸進來了。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came in.
七、一般將來時
will do → will be done
1.老師一來，我們就開始上課。
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
2.——Sorry, I forgot to buy the book you need.
——It doesn’t matter. I __will____ go myself.
3.Look at the clouds. It __is going to___________ rain.
4. They are to be married in this May. (按計劃安排要發(fā)生的動作,非個人能隨意改變)
5. 你媽回來之前你不要出去。(要求或命令他人做某事)
You are to stay home until your mother comes back.
6. He is to succeed. (注定)
7. The Queen ____is to_______visitJapanin a week’s time.
8. The train ___is about to leave_______ (leave).火車馬上就要離開。
八、過去將來時
would do → would be done
表示從過去某個時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，有過去時間或動作作參照。Was/were about to do ….when…該句型很少與表示將來的具體時間狀語連用，但可以和when引導的狀語連用。
1.他說他會在車站等我們。
He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.
2.我正準備出門的時候我的一位老朋友來了。
I was to about to go out when one of my old friends came.
九、將來進行時
will be + doing→ will be being done
表將來某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作，或按計劃一定會發(fā)生的事情。
明天這會我正在寫作業(yè)。
I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.
十、將來完成時
will have +done → will have been done
表在將來某時刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情，時間狀語非常明顯。
常用的時間狀語一般用by+將來的時間。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引導的副詞從句。
到下個月底，他就已經(jīng)學了3000個單詞了。
By the end of next month, he will have learnt 3000 words.
(責任編輯：郭峰)
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