2013高考英語:14種完形填空解題技巧(8)
8. 利用邏輯關(guān)系解題
嘗試從邏輯關(guān)系的高度整體上把握,就會(huì)不無驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系才是征服完形填空的最佳途徑。所謂邏輯關(guān)系并不縹緲,它就隱藏在句子中、句與句之間以及段落的銜接中。通過邏輯關(guān)系的方法,我們可以通過確切、具體的線索,把答案的邏輯意義推測出來,從而在答案中尋找表現(xiàn)了相同邏輯意義的選項(xiàng)。這樣做,使得題目的難度大大降低。
(1) 句中邏輯關(guān)系
Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and___45___nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.
45. A. mostly B. partly C. sometimes D. rarely
「解析」短文中的usually和and是本題邏輯推理的線索。And前后構(gòu)成了并列關(guān)系,即and前的 usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 這些維生素成分和and 后面的 nitrogen 成分形成并列關(guān)系,相應(yīng)修飾 carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 的usually必然和修飾 nitrogen 的45空的詞構(gòu)成一一對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系。鑒于此,在45空考慮填入的應(yīng)是和usually相對(duì)應(yīng)的頻度副詞,而語義與usually略有不同。mostly 和partly都表示了部分、量的含義,與頻度無關(guān)。rarely(很少地,罕有地)雖表示了頻度關(guān)系,但其意義與usually相反,不符合一一對(duì)應(yīng)的一致性,因此排除。只有C項(xiàng)sometimes(不時(shí),有時(shí))恰到好處地表示了and前后兩部分的邏輯對(duì)應(yīng)。故選C.
(2) 句間邏輯關(guān)系
在此,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)所謂邏輯關(guān)系并不抽象,它往往通過轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、遞進(jìn)、因果等明確的邏輯關(guān)系詞來體現(xiàn)。當(dāng)然,句子的邏輯關(guān)系也不一定體現(xiàn)在一句話的內(nèi)部,它還可以滲透到篇章的層面上,在句與句之間表現(xiàn)出來。如:
Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. ___13___, she encourages them to get ___14___ ways to do business.
13. A. Still B. Yet C. Instead D. While
「解析」根據(jù)前后句子的意思可推出兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系是轉(zhuǎn)折,意思是“Old Mr Cleveland把工人用帶子捆綁起來(沒有任何自由),而她不那樣,相反(instead)她鼓勵(lì)雇員”。
There is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, ___1___ would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the various areas of human activity.
1. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. otherwise
「解析」第一句講各科藝術(shù)間是分離的,但后文講的卻是它們之間有很大的關(guān)聯(lián)。however的意思是“然而”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折,符合下文。故本題答案為however.
(3) 段間邏輯關(guān)系
這種邏輯關(guān)系主要體現(xiàn)在段落之間的銜接上。如:
Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, ___29___, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.
29. A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore
「解析」這里有兩種情況,第一可能是第二段前后的邏輯體現(xiàn);第二就是段落的前后銜接。但是,這個(gè)題出現(xiàn)在第二段的第一句 ,那么,從完形填空注重邏輯關(guān)系的命題思路來看,我們優(yōu)先考慮第二種情況。前段末句意為“不是每個(gè)人都能夠正確看待這個(gè)進(jìn)程”。而第二段首句為“大家普遍認(rèn)為”,顯然這兩者之間存在了邏輯意義上的相反,此處可能體現(xiàn)了一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C.
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(責(zé)任編輯:王錚)
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