2012高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)專題講練:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣(4)
II.虛擬語(yǔ)氣
（一）一般虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
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類別 |
用法 |
例句 |
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If引導(dǎo)的條件從句 |
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 |
從句動(dòng)詞：過去式（be用were） 主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形 |
If he were here, he would help us. |
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與過去事實(shí)相反 |
從句動(dòng)詞：had+過去分詞 主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞 |
If I had been free, I would have visited you. |
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與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 |
從句動(dòng)詞：過去式 / should+動(dòng)詞原形 / were+不定式 主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形 |
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. |
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注意：主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，should常被would代替；從句中的should可用于各種人稱，且不可以被would所代替。
（二）混合虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
1.不同時(shí)間的虛擬
If he had listened to me， he would not be in trouble now.（從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）
If he had told me yesterday， I should know what to do now. （從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）
If I were you， I would have gone to her birthday party. （從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句與過去事實(shí)相反）
If you hadn‘t lent me some money， I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. （從句與過去事實(shí)相反，and后面的主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）
2.虛擬與陳述的混合
He could have passed the exam， but he wasn‘t careful enough.
You should have come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.
（三）特殊句式虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
1.省略連詞if.在書面語(yǔ)中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。
Should he come （If he should come）， tell him to ring me up. 他要是來(lái)了，讓他給我打個(gè)電話。
Were I you （If I were you）， I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做這事。
2.suggest， order， propose， request， require， demand， advise， insist+ 賓語(yǔ)從句（should ）do
He suggested that we （should） save money for the future.
The undergraduate insisted that he （should） go to work in the south.
注意：當(dāng)suggest表示暗示，insist表示堅(jiān)持觀點(diǎn)，事實(shí)時(shí)，后接的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)當(dāng)用真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣。
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.
He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people‘s health.
3.It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+ that從句（should） do
It is proposed that more students should go to university.
4.My advice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+ is +表語(yǔ)從句（should）do
My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.
The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately.
5.His suggestion/advice/request/requirement…+ 同位語(yǔ)從句（should ）do+ is……
The request that they should get more is reasonable.
6.It is natural/necessary/strange +that從句 （should） do表驚奇、懷疑、惋惜、不滿、理應(yīng)如此等。
It‘s strange that he should have missed the train. （表竟然）
It is important that we should learn from others.（表理應(yīng)如此）
It is a pity that he should not go with us.（表驚訝、不滿）
7.wish + that clause （did/were 與現(xiàn)在相反）
wish + that clause （would/could/might + do與將來(lái)相反）
wish + that clause （ had done 與過去相反）
I wish I could go with them tomorrow.
I wish I had never met him.
8.It is （high/about） time + 從句（did或should do ）
It is （high/about） time we went home.
9.would rather + clause （did 與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反）；（had done 與過去相反）
I would rather you came tomorrow.
I would rather you hadn‘t told her the news.
(責(zé)任編輯：張影)
特別說(shuō)明：由于各省份高考政策等信息的不斷調(diào)整與變化，育路高考網(wǎng)所提供的所有考試信息僅供考生及家長(zhǎng)參考，敬請(qǐng)考生及家長(zhǎng)以權(quán)威部門公布的正式信息為準(zhǔn)。
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