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2012高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)專題講練:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)(3)

2012-01-12 11:38:04 來(lái)源:育路高考網(wǎng)

    6.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

    ①表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(這一過(guò)去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示);

    He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.

    ②表示動(dòng)作在另一過(guò)去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行;

    They were still working when I left.

    ③用在兩個(gè)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生;

    I was writing while he was watching TV.

    ④過(guò)去計(jì)劃、安排好的將來(lái)動(dòng)作(只限于come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等);

    He said she was arriving the next day.

    ⑤與always, forever, constantly, continually連用,表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩。

    (參看現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法④)

    Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself.

    ⑥過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來(lái)描繪故事發(fā)行的背景。

    The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.

    7.過(guò)去完成時(shí)

    ①表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。

    He had shut the door before the dog came up.

    Everything had been all right up till this morning.

    ②表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻才完成,甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.

    ③過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖、打算或希望(只限于think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose,wish, want等動(dòng)詞)。

    I had wanted to pay a visit to you yesterday, but the rain prevented me.

    我本來(lái)想昨天拜訪你的,但是下雨(讓我不能來(lái))。

    注意:

    ▲過(guò)去完成時(shí)必須以過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻為基點(diǎn),即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。因此只有在和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它;

    ▲before, after本身表示時(shí)間的“前”“后”明顯,因此可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

    He (had) left before I arrived.

    8.一般將來(lái)時(shí)

    一般將來(lái)時(shí)有下列一些構(gòu)成形式需要記住:

    ▲will/shall do (側(cè)重將來(lái)行為,不突出計(jì)劃安排去做某事)

    ▲be going to do (主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)

    ▲be doing (按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生,常和表示最近的將來(lái)時(shí)間連用)

    ▲be about to do (按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生)

    一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法:

    ①現(xiàn)在看來(lái)以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)

    Tom will come next week.

    He will be here tomorrow.

    ②事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢(shì)

    Oil will float in water.

    Fish will die without water.

    ③對(duì)將來(lái)某個(gè)動(dòng)作的安排、計(jì)劃

    He is going to speak on TV this evening.

    9.將來(lái)完成時(shí)

    用來(lái)表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻(前)將完成的動(dòng)作。常和by短語(yǔ),when,before引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

    We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.

    10.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

    ①過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻后將要發(fā)生的過(guò)去動(dòng)作或過(guò)去的意圖打算(主要用于賓語(yǔ)從句中);

    She was sure she would succeed.

    I thought you would come.

    把一般將來(lái)時(shí)中的助動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去式,便成了過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的表達(dá)形式。

    ②表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

    When he was young, he would go swimming.

    注意:would與used to的區(qū)別:would只表示過(guò)去,不涉及現(xiàn)在,而used to表示“過(guò)去常常”要與現(xiàn)在比較,即現(xiàn)在不是這樣了。

    11.要求一定時(shí)態(tài)的固定的句型

    ①was/were doing sth. when…did sth.(正在做某事,這時(shí)突然……)

    I was reading a book when the bell rang.

    ②was/were about to do sth. when…did sth. (正要做某事,這時(shí)突然……)

    We were about to leave when the telephone rang.

    ③It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that…

    It‘s the first time I’ve seen her.

    We have been there three times.

    如果句中有比較確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),則服從時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的要求。

    Last year I saw him many times.

    ④It is/has been… since…

    It is (has been) two weeks since I came here.

    She said it was five hours since she had finished her work.

    ⑤Hardly… when…\No sooner… than…

    Hardly had we got in the crops when it began to rain.

    I had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed.

    ⑥It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/third…time+ that…

    This is the first time I have been here.

    It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.

  (責(zé)任編輯:張影)

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