2012高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)專題講練:代詞和數(shù)詞(2)
3.反身代詞
①用作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，或主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)
He teaches himself Japanese every evening.（賓語(yǔ)）
She is not quite herself today.她今天身體不太舒服。（表語(yǔ)）
I myself can repair the bike.（主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)）
②常用含有反身代詞的慣用語(yǔ)歸納
by oneself= alone 獨(dú)自 for oneself獨(dú)立、為自己
be oneself處于正常狀態(tài)，顯得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快
seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 給自己穿
devote oneself to專心于、獻(xiàn)身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客氣
come to oneself蘇醒 make oneself at home 不要客氣
4.指示代詞
①this和that是近指， that和those 是遠(yuǎn)指
I don‘t want this book. I want that one.
②有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，常用that/ those 來代表前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞
At this time of year， the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing.
③this和that都可代表前面提到過的事情，若出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)名詞，指代前面的用that指代較后面的用this；但若指下文將要敘述事情，則只能用this，不能用that.此外，還可用于代替上文中出現(xiàn)過個(gè)單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，且后面帶有of短語(yǔ)修飾。
Health is above wealth； this cannot give so much happiness as that.
健康勝于財(cái)富；財(cái)富不會(huì)像健康那樣帶來那么多幸福（句中this=wealth；that=health）
They cant afford it.That/this is their problem.
What I want you to remember is this ：English is of great use.（此句中this不能用that替換）
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou.
④such的用法
such 一般在句中作定語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)。用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它所修飾的名詞前的不定冠詞應(yīng)放在之后。
Such is my answer.
Such are the results of the exams.
I have never seen such beautiful flowers.
用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它所修飾的名詞前的不定冠詞應(yīng)放在such之后such a good book.
5.相互代詞
①在句中可作賓語(yǔ)
They help each other and learn from each other.
②加‘s后成為所有格，作定語(yǔ)
They asked about one another‘s life and work.
6.不定代詞
不定代詞種類較多，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意其用法與區(qū)別。為了便于記憶我們擇其重點(diǎn)以表格的形式列出。
|
不定代詞 |
區(qū) 別 |
例 句 |
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one, some， any和it |
one可以泛指人或者事（東西），其復(fù)數(shù)為ones。 |
①We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ___ we like yet. A.one B.ones C.it D.them ②Cars do cause us some health problems — in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do. A.one B.ones C.it D.those |
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some可用于疑問句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù)，或者表示建議，請(qǐng)求等。 |
—Your coffee smells great! —It’s from Mexico．Would you like ________? A.it B.some C.this D.1ittle |
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some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，some表示某個(gè)，any表示任何一個(gè)。 |
①I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. ②—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? —________way as you please. A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either |
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one指同類中的一個(gè)，it指代同一種類的東西。記住下列三點(diǎn)區(qū)別： ①it =the /this/ my…+單數(shù)名詞 one =a/an+單數(shù)名詞 ②it代替特定的單數(shù)名詞 one代替不特定的單數(shù)名詞 ③one之前加上定冠詞the可以表示特指,one前如有形容詞修飾,之前還可以加上不定冠詞,但是it之前既不能加冠詞也不能加形容詞修飾。 |
①—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? —No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it ②This film is an interesting one. ③Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best. |
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some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。 |
①There’s ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ________. A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,any C.a little,some D.a little,any ②We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ________. A.none B.either C.any D.each ③He doesn’t have _________ furniture in his room --just an old desk. A. any B. many C. some D. much |
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each和every |
each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別，代表的數(shù)可以是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，而every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，所指的數(shù)必須是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上。 |
①Each student has a pocket dictionary. Each (of us) has a dictionary.= We each have a dictionary. ②Every student has strong and weak points. Every one of us has strong and weak points. |
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all和both |
both指兩個(gè)人或物,而all指三個(gè)以上的人或物. 在句中都可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ) |
①— Which of the two books will you take? — I’ll take ____and I think ____of them is very important to me. A. either; neither B. neither; both C. both; either D. either; both ②—Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most? —____.They are both cheap and of great importance. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All |
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注意：both, all, each, every以及由every構(gòu)成的不定代詞出現(xiàn)在否定句中，不管否定詞在前還是在后，都是部分否定：All of them don’t like music=Not all of them like music.他們并不都喜歡音樂。 要表示完全否定，需要借助neither，none ，no one ，nothing，nobody等。 Neither of them doesn’t like music.他們倆都不喜歡音樂。 None of them don’t like the music.他們都不喜歡音樂。 |
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none和no |
no等于not any，作定語(yǔ)。none作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代替不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，代替可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)皆可。 |
①There is no water in the bottle. ②How much water is there in the bottle? None. ③None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. |
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other和another |
other泛指“另外的，別的”常與 其他詞連用，④the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個(gè)，復(fù)數(shù)為the others。 |
①Both sides have accused of breaking the contract. A.another B. the other C. neither D. each ②Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam. |
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another指“又一個(gè)，另一個(gè)”無 所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指 “別的人或事”。 |
①We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun，so let’s have ______ one this month． A.the other B．some C．another D．other ②The trousers are too long, please give me another pair /some others. ③Some like football, while others like basketball. |
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either和neither |
前者意思為：兩者中任何一方都； 后者意思為：兩者都不。 |
①—Do you want tea or coffee? —______,I really don't mind. A. none B. neither C. either D. all ②It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which _____ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neither C. both D. each |
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few和little;a few和a little |
few 和little 表示沒有多少,含否 定意義,而a few 和a little表示一 些,有幾個(gè),含肯定意義.另外, few 與a few修飾可數(shù)名詞, little與 a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 此外quite a few , quitea little意思 是“不少,相當(dāng)多的”。 |
①The old man knows a little English. ②Few of them can |
(責(zé)任編輯：張影)
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