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成考高起點(diǎn)英語復(fù)習(xí)同義詞解析二

2008-01-23 09:05:59 來源:

  elevate 一般具有l(wèi)ift和raise的含義,但elevate 常用于抽象概念的提高,如“提高文學(xué)鑒賞力”,“提高情操”等

  Good reading elerates the mind.

  讀好書可以提高情操。

  hoist 尤指“以機(jī)械提升重物”

  The cargo was soon hoisted into the ship.

  貸物很快就被吊進(jìn)船艙。

  change,alter,vary,modify這組動(dòng)詞的一般含義是“改變”或“變化”。

  change 是通用詞,它有兩層基本含義:“變”和“換”。“變”可以指和原來的樣子或性質(zhì)稍有不同,也可以指有本質(zhì)的差異。

  At first,she decided to go to the police,but fearing that she would never see Rastus again-the letter had made that quite clear-she changed her mind.

  起初,她決定去警察局,但是她由于擔(dān)心再也見不到拉斯特斯了-那封信說得相當(dāng)清楚-她改變了主意。

  He then changed into overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman.

  然后他換上工裝褲,作為清潔工人度過接下去的八小時(shí)。

  alter 所表示的“改變”只是細(xì)節(jié)的,或外表的變化,并不表示本質(zhì)的改變。如:把一件衣服改小一些或只把衣袖稍放肥一些,但衣服的式樣仍然不變,這時(shí)用alter便很確當(dāng)

  He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be alltered.

  他可以溫和地指責(zé)一個(gè)官員,或者甚至建議議會修改法律條款。

  vary 一般表示轉(zhuǎn)換、變易、增生所致的“變化”或“不同”

  The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint.

  他所采取的行動(dòng),根據(jù)怨言的性質(zhì),而有所不同。

  modify 主要用來表示有局限性的“改變”,當(dāng)用于事物時(shí),它所表示的“改變”,在程度上要大于 alter, 在用于人的態(tài)度時(shí),它僅僅表示略加修飾,并不含有很大的變化

  The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.

  工業(yè)革命變革了英國的整個(gè)社會結(jié)構(gòu)。

  change alter vary

  都含“改變”的意思 .

  change 指“使改變得與原物完全不同”或“使發(fā)生以新代舊的變化”,如:

  The appearance of the town is quite changed.

  這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的外觀變化頗大。

  alter 指“局部的、外表的變化, 但特點(diǎn)不變”, 如:

  This coat should be altered.

  這件外套應(yīng)該改改。

  vary 指“不規(guī)則或連續(xù)地改變”, 如:

  Customs vary with the times.

  習(xí)俗隨時(shí)代而異。

  keep retain withhold reserve

  都含“保持”、“保存”的意思。

  keep 系常用詞, 指“使繼續(xù)下去”“使較長時(shí)期地置于不脫離控制、掌握、照料或變化之下”, 如:

  keep the room clean.

  保持室內(nèi)清潔。

  retain 較正式, 強(qiáng)調(diào)“繼續(xù)保持”, 特指“保持使不失去或被奪走”, 如:

  He has managed to retain most of his fortune.

  他設(shè)法保存了他的大部分財(cái)產(chǎn)。

  withhold 強(qiáng)調(diào)“保留”、“隱匿”, 指“阻止其離去或泄漏”, 如:

  Fear made him withhold the truth.

  恐懼使他不敢說實(shí)話。

  reserve 指“為一目的保持, 或保存一段時(shí)間”, 如:

  A great future is reserved for you.

  光明的前程在等待著你。

  remain stay

  都指“繼續(xù)停留”或“繼續(xù)保持某種狀態(tài)、關(guān)系或行動(dòng)。”

  remain �?膳cstay 互換, 但它強(qiáng)調(diào)“繼續(xù)停留于一處或保持原狀態(tài)、情況性質(zhì)而不改變”, 如:

  This place remains cool all summer.

  這個(gè)地方整個(gè)夏天都涼爽。

  stay強(qiáng)調(diào)“某人[物]繼續(xù)留在原地而不離開”, 如:

  He stayed to see the end of the game.

  他一直呆到比賽結(jié)束

  ability, capacity, faculty, talent, skill, competence, aptitude

  These nouns denote the qualities in a person that permit or facilitate achievement or accomplishment.

  這些名詞都表示某人具有取得進(jìn)步或成功的素質(zhì)。

  Ability is the power, mental or physical, to do something:

  Ability 是指智力或體力上具有做某事的能力:

  “To make a fortune some assistance from fate is essential. Ability alone is insufficient”

 �。↖hara Saikaku)。

  “要致富,光靠能力是不夠的,還得看機(jī)遇” (伊哈拉。塞科古)。

  Capacity refers to an innate potential for growth, development, or accomplishment:

  Capacity 指天賦的,如生長、發(fā)展或成功的潛力:

  “Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired” (Plautus)。

  “智慧的獲得是依靠才能而不是年齡” (普洛提斯)。

  Faculty denotes an inherent power or ability:

  Faculty 指內(nèi)在的力量或能力:

  An unerring faculty for detecting hypocrisy is one of her most useful attributes.

  能無誤地看出偽善的能力是她身上最有用的特征之一。

  Talent emphasizes inborn ability, especially in the arts:

  Talent 強(qiáng)調(diào)天生的才能,尤其是在藝術(shù)方面:

  “There is no substitute for talent. Industry and all the virtues are of no avail”

 �。ˋldous Huxley)。

  “勤奮及其他的品質(zhì)都不能彌補(bǔ)天分的不足” (阿爾多斯。赫胥黎)。

  Skill stresses ability that is acquired or developed through experience:

  Skill 強(qiáng)調(diào)由經(jīng)驗(yàn)而獲得或發(fā)展的能力:

  “The intellect, character and skill possessed by any man are the product of certain original tendencies and the training which they have received”

 �。‥dward L. Thorndike)。

  “任何人的知識、性格和能力都是由起初的興趣加上后來接受的訓(xùn)練而得到的。” (愛德華L.桑戴克)。

  Competence suggests the ability to do something satisfactorily but not necessarily outstandingly well:

  Competence 指能做到使人滿意但并不一定特別出眾的能力:

  The concerto was performed by a violinist of unquestioned competence but limited imagination.

  小提琴家所演奏的協(xié)奏曲毫無疑問是出色的,但是缺乏想像力。

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