準(zhǔn)備參加成人高考的考生復(fù)習(xí)備考,首先要認(rèn)真研讀成人高考英語(yǔ)考綱。成人高考英語(yǔ)考綱是指教育部頒發(fā)的《全國(guó)各類成人高等學(xué)校招生復(fù)習(xí)考試大綱》。該考試大綱除了對(duì)成人英語(yǔ)高考給出必考內(nèi)容和范圍,對(duì)各種必考題型作出解釋以外,還給出了基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)考點(diǎn)83個(gè),附上了成人高考英語(yǔ)科考試的全部必考詞匯,共1795個(gè)(另有專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯201個(gè)),全部必考短語(yǔ),共593個(gè)(另有專業(yè)英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)29個(gè))。成人高考考綱也是成人英語(yǔ)高考命題的主要依據(jù)。
Ⅰ.詞匯知識(shí)
1.在成人詞匯知識(shí)命題中,詞匯與短語(yǔ)的比例約為11∶1。加強(qiáng)對(duì)單詞的記憶。能否清晰、準(zhǔn)確地記憶成人高考必考詞匯的詞意及其詞性是能否成功作答該題型的關(guān)鍵。
2.重視選用詞意較為生僻或使用率偏低的詞匯命題,如:suspected,concluded,announced,astonished,tough,rough,reducingurged,instantly,constain,recommended,somehow,imagination,inspects,possess.
3.在成人高考必考1970詞中,部分詞匯由于教材等種種原因使用率較高,如:majority,thorough,pour,beyond,ceiling,coast,envy,frequently,mass,modest,port,shortcoming,sleeve,thunder,wealth,trick,stocking,pressure,etc.詞意較為生僻或使用率偏低的詞匯,考生應(yīng)注意對(duì)單詞拼寫記憶的牢固程度。
4.考生應(yīng)有一定的對(duì)近義詞不同搭配用法的常識(shí),在有可能出現(xiàn)多個(gè)答案的情況下,對(duì)詞的用法進(jìn)行甄別。對(duì)最常用詞匯的易混易錯(cuò)現(xiàn)象,如:①sit(坐),seat(就座)②borrow(借入),lend(借出)③bring(帶來(lái)),take(帶走),fetch(取)④thank(+人),appreciate(+事/物)⑤hanged(上吊),hung(掛)⑥r(nóng)ise(上升),raise(拾起)⑦especial(尤其的),special(特殊的)⑧accident(事故),incident(事件)⑨medal(獎(jiǎng)?wù)?,model(模型)10accept(接受),receive(收到)11curious(好奇),surprised(吃驚)12cloth(布),clothes(衣服),clothing(衣物)
5.該題型要求考生能有一定的對(duì)詞匯不同搭配用法的領(lǐng)悟能力,如:①theoperationofhisbusiness→thepunningofhisbusiness②agoodgraspoftheEnglishlanguage→agoodunderstandingoftheEnglishlanguage③Makingplansisnatural,buthowmanyoftheplanswearemakingtodaywillbecarriedout.→Makingplansisnatural,buthowmanyoftheplanswearemakingtodaywillberealized.④Keepafastholdofthehandlewhenyourunthemachine.→Keepafirmholdofthehandlewhenyourunthemachine.6.易錯(cuò)�?嫉某扇烁呖荚~匯用法(1)pulldown(thehouses)→destroy干擾項(xiàng):①build②design③putaway【解析】pulldown指‘推倒’。(2)referto(thenotes)→lookat干擾項(xiàng):①mention[DW]②take③payattentionto【解析】referto指‘參考’。(3)lookafter(thebaby)→takecareof干擾項(xiàng):①care[DW]②see[DW]③watch【解析】lookafter指‘照料’。(4)intheend→atlast干擾項(xiàng):①soon[DW]②atleast[DW]③afterwards【解析】intheend指‘最后’。
ⅠⅠ.語(yǔ)音知識(shí)
1.重視對(duì)元音讀音規(guī)則的考查。(A)①A.cowB.growC.throwD.show(D)②A.similarB.singleC.signalD.silence(D)③A.clearB.spearC.fearD.bear
2.重視對(duì)輔音讀音規(guī)則的考查。(B)①A.material[DW]B.patient=[DW]C.instant[DW]D.active(D)②A.childB.cheer=C.choiceD.character
3.重視對(duì)音的同化現(xiàn)象的考查。(A)①A.businessB.Christmas=C.basketD.constant(B)②A.playedB.wanted=C.changedD.bordered4.重視對(duì)詞在變形后產(chǎn)生新的讀音變化的考查。(B)①A.wonB.none=C.goneD.done5.重視對(duì)雙音節(jié)詞的讀音規(guī)則的考查。(C)①A.dollarB.honest=C.politeD.pocket提示:選項(xiàng)A、B、D的劃線部分均為重讀音節(jié),而選項(xiàng)C的劃線部分均為弱讀音節(jié)。元音在弱讀音節(jié)中常發(fā)[]音。掌握這一特點(diǎn),則有助于解題。
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
1.重視從時(shí)態(tài)一致的角度考查:①Thedog[ZZ(Z](D)[ZZ)]inaterribleconditionwhenwefoundit.A.isB.hasbeenC.wouldD.was
2.重視從語(yǔ)境對(duì)話的角度考查動(dòng)詞。①棗HaveyouheardthenewsaboutTom?棗No,what(D)?A.wasitB.weretheyC.aretheyD.isit
3.重視對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查。①Igotaletterfrommysister,(C)methatshewouldvisitusnextmonth.A.tellsB.toldC.tellingD.totell
4.重視對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查。①Istillremembertheplace[ZZ(Z](C)[ZZ)]ourclassoncedidsomefieldwork.A.there[DW]B.whichC.where[DW]D.when
5.重視對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句的考查。①(A)nonsensethepaperprints,somepeoplewouldbelieveit.A.Whatever[DW]B.WhatC.However[DW]D.HowⅣ.完成句子該題型為填充題。要求考生能根據(jù)每小題中所給的漢語(yǔ)提示,寫出句子的短缺部分。通過(guò)對(duì)近年成人高考完成句子試題的分析,可以看出該題型重視對(duì)基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的測(cè)試,
如:1.Allthemoney(他省下來(lái)的)wasgiventothevillageschoolforaclassroombuilding.【答案】(that)hesaved【解析】考查對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的掌握。
2.(寫作文時(shí)),hereferredtothedictionaryfromtimetotime.【答案】When/While(hewas)writingacomposition【解析】考查對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句的掌握。
3.Thedoctorinsiststhat(我父親戒煙)。【答案】myfather(should)giveupsmoking【解析】考查對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的掌握。
Ⅴ.介紹幾種實(shí)用的閱讀理解解題技巧
i.先看問(wèn)題,后看文章一般考生在進(jìn)行閱讀理解的過(guò)程中所采用的方法有二:第一種是先讀文章再答題,另一種是先看問(wèn)題,后讀文章。如果你看過(guò)文章就完全記下內(nèi)容,做題時(shí)不須再回頭找答案,先看文章當(dāng)然好。否則先看文章就比較費(fèi)時(shí)間。請(qǐng)看A、B二者的比較:A.(1)讀文章B.(1)看問(wèn)題(2)看問(wèn)題(2)看文章(3)回頭看文章(3)選擇答案(4)選擇答案從A、B比較可知A須花四個(gè)步驟而B(niǎo)只要三個(gè)步驟,在時(shí)間上就簡(jiǎn)去了一項(xiàng)反復(fù)。此外,先看題目,在閱讀時(shí)可采用重點(diǎn)式的讀法,而A卻是在完全沒(méi)有目標(biāo)的情況下閱讀,反復(fù)是顯而易見(jiàn)的。
ii.不以閱讀速度回行考生在閱讀文字時(shí)由于理解的需要,通常速度較為緩慢,倘若一行結(jié)束后,用此速度回到下一行首,無(wú)形中會(huì)擠占部分寶貴的閱讀時(shí)間。建議考生養(yǎng)成快速回行的習(xí)慣,即比閱讀文字的速度快一倍左右迅速回行。這樣做,一方面會(huì)節(jié)省不少時(shí)間,另一方面也會(huì)使思維活動(dòng)加快,其好處是不言而喻的。
iii.掌握問(wèn)題類型有助于解題A)客觀型(Objective)問(wèn)題客觀問(wèn)題也為客觀信息題,指客觀事實(shí),其類型大都是用When/Who/Where/Why/What/Which等Wh及How的方式出題。像這類客觀的問(wèn)題有時(shí)不必細(xì)讀文章,用略讀的方法即能找到答案�?忌應(yīng)對(duì)閱讀材料中的數(shù)字,事實(shí),物體,以及部分與整體的關(guān)系、時(shí)間關(guān)系、地點(diǎn)關(guān)系、并列和從屬關(guān)系等給予注意。B)主觀型(Subjective)問(wèn)題主觀問(wèn)題也為主觀信息題,主觀的問(wèn)題通常不能直接從文章找到答案,必須經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)作者的意圖,態(tài)度以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推斷和判斷才能回答。比如:找出文章的命名(Title),找出文章的主旨含義(MainIdea),找出結(jié)論(Conclusion),找出目的(Purpose),找出暗指,意味(Implication),找出推測(cè)(Inference),以及對(duì)作者本人作出判斷等。
iv.閱讀理解導(dǎo)讀(要求先自己做一遍,再對(duì)照答案,找出問(wèn)題,并閱讀“解析”,從而更有效地掌握閱讀解題技巧。)
TheGreatFireofLondonstartedintheveryearlyhoursof2September1666.Infourdaysitdestroyedmorethanthreequartersoftheoldcity,wheremostofthehouseswerewoodenandclosetogether.Onehundredthousandpeoplebecamehomeless,butonlyafewlosttheirlives.ThefirestartedonSundaymorninginthehouseoftheKing’sbaker(面包師)inPuddingLane.Thebaker,withhiswifeandfamily,wasabletogetoutthroughawindowintheroof.Astrongwindblewthefirefromthebakery(面包房)intoasmallhotelnextdoor.ThenitspreadquicklyintoThamesStreet.Thatwasthebeginning.Byeighto’clockthreehundredhouseswereonfire.OnMondaynearlyakilometerofthecitywasburningalongtheRiverThames.Tuesdaywastheworstday.Thefiredestroyedmanywellknownbuildings,oldStPaul’sandtheGuildhallamongthem.SamuelPepys,thefamouswriter,wroteaboutthefire.Peoplethrewtheirthingsintotheriver.Manypoorpeoplestayedintheirhousesuntilthelastmoment.Birdsfelloutoftheairbecauseoftheheat.ThefirestoppedonlywhentheKingfinallyorderedpeopletodestroyhundredsofbuildingsinthepathsofthefire.Withnothinglefttoburn,thefirebacameweakandfinallydiedout.Afterthefire,ChristopherWren,thearchitect(建筑師),wantedacitywithwiderstreetsandfinenewhousesofstone.Infact,thestreetsarestillnarrow,buthedidbuildmorethanfiftychurches,amongthemthenewSiPaul’s.Thefirecausedgreatpainandloss,butafteritLondonwasabetterplace:acityforthefutureandnotjustofthepast.
1.ThefirebeganinA.ahotel.B.thepalace.C.PuddingLane.[DW]D.ThamesStreet.
2.Theunderlinedword‘family’inthesecondparagraphmeansA.home.[DW]B.children.C.wifeandhusband.[DW]D.wifeandchildren.
3.ItseemsthatthewriterofthetextwasmostsorryforthefactthatA.somepeoplelosttheirlives.B.thebirdsintheskywerekilledbythefire.C.manyfamousbuildingsweredestroyed.D.theKing’sbakerywasburneddown.
4.Whydidthewritercite(引用)SamuelPepys?A.BecausePepyswasamongthoseputtingoutthefire.B.BecausePepysalsowroteaboutthefireC.Toshowthatpoorpeoplesufferedmost.D.Togivethereaderaclearerpictureofthefire.5.Howwasthefireputoutaccordingtothetext?A.Thekingandhissoldierscametohelp.B.Allthewoodenhousesinthecityweredestroyed.C.Peoplemanagedtogetenoughwaterfromtheriver.D.Housesstandinginthedirectionofthefirewerepulleddown.6.Whichofthefollowingwerereasonsfortherapidspreadofthebigfire?(a)Therewasastrongwind.(b)Thestreetswereverynarrow.(c)Manyhousesweremadeofwood.(d)Therewasnotenoughwaterinthecity.(e)Peopledidnotdiscoverthefireearlier.A.(a)and(b)B.(a),(b)and(c)C.(a),(b),(c)and(d)D.(a),(b),(c),(d)and(e)
【解析】1.問(wèn)Where。屬客觀類問(wèn)題。答案可由第二段第一句得出。
2.family指children。此題考查對(duì)family一詞的理解,屬客觀類問(wèn)題。此題也可采用排除法。原文中Thebaker,withhiswifeandfamily,…wife與family并列,family不包括wife在內(nèi),而home一詞指家庭,包括家中所有人在內(nèi),也不對(duì)。
3.此題為推斷題,屬主觀類問(wèn)題。作者的思想感情并未通過(guò)文字直接表述出來(lái)。但通過(guò)第三段“Tuesdaywastheworstday.Thefiredestroyedmanywellknownbuildings…”可得出本題答案。火災(zāi)造成任何損失都是壞事,而“theworst”是糟糕的,也就是最令人遺憾的。
4.綜合第四段所引用的內(nèi)容,可看出第四段承接前三段,進(jìn)一步描寫人和動(dòng)物在火災(zāi)中的情形。此題考查學(xué)生對(duì)段落與全篇的關(guān)系的理解,由此推斷出作者的意圖。屬主觀類問(wèn)題。
5.此類題是就對(duì)文中的某一詞語(yǔ)或句子的理解進(jìn)行考查,一般形式有詞語(yǔ)替換、習(xí)語(yǔ)釋意、句型轉(zhuǎn)換、語(yǔ)態(tài)互換、同義轉(zhuǎn)換等。測(cè)試的字或句往往是學(xué)生沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)的。解題時(shí),應(yīng)在理解題意的基礎(chǔ)上,從文中找出相關(guān)的字句,根據(jù)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境,正確理解其含意,從而選出正確答案。本題答案可從第五段得出。短文中…todestroyhundredsofbuildingsinthepathsofthefire.與選項(xiàng)D為釋義關(guān)系。
6.通過(guò)第一段“wheremostofthehouseswerewoodenandclosetogether”第二段“Astrongwindblewthefire”,和第六段“wantedacitywithwiderstreets…”“thestreetsarestillnarrow”可得出本題答案。屬客觀類問(wèn)題。同時(shí)應(yīng)注意的是引號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容是教科書(shū)上的范例,用以說(shuō)明如何讀藥物使用說(shuō)明的�!敬鸢浮�1.C2.B3.C4.D5.D6.BⅥ.完形填空的答題與解題這類試題要求考生在掌握應(yīng)有的語(yǔ)法、詞匯知識(shí)和常識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上,善于尋找信息詞,作出綜合判斷。補(bǔ)足后的短文應(yīng)該意思通順,結(jié)構(gòu)完整。
做這類試題的方法是:
1.首先通讀全文,對(duì)整個(gè)文章的內(nèi)容要有個(gè)基本的了解。這是因?yàn)樘顚懙拇鸢鸽m是簡(jiǎn)單的詞或短語(yǔ),但詞或短語(yǔ)的正確使用離不開(kāi)句子,而句子又離不開(kāi)整段的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。對(duì)語(yǔ)言環(huán)境的熟悉有助于理解和把握解題的思路。
2.在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)試題所測(cè)試的部分進(jìn)行初步估計(jì),根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行判斷,選擇適合上下文意思的詞,同時(shí)應(yīng)重點(diǎn)觀察詞的搭配用法,時(shí)態(tài)或動(dòng)詞的其它形態(tài)的用法,形容詞的比較用法,代詞的用法,名詞的數(shù)、格的用法等。
3.如遇難填的空,可暫時(shí)跳過(guò),待填完其他空白后,再回過(guò)頭來(lái)做前面的難題,在全文已清楚的情況下,剩下的難題則有可能迎刃而解。4.這種試題要求做完之后再?gòu)念^至尾通讀一遍。根據(jù)短文的背景、上下文的意思,按時(shí)間順序、情節(jié)發(fā)展、詞類選用,動(dòng)詞變化、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、短語(yǔ)搭配,以及運(yùn)用必要的邏輯推理常識(shí)等,對(duì)選定的詞再做一次綜合分析,這顯然是必要的。成人高考完形填空練習(xí),請(qǐng)朋友們參閱復(fù)習(xí)教材,在老師的指導(dǎo)下加強(qiáng)練習(xí),這里不一一例舉。