第九講 標點符號

　　標點符號 (Punctuation Marks) 主要用來明確語句的含義，標示一個句子或句子中各個成分的起止，以及彼此間的語法或語義上的關(guān)系。常用的標點符號有：

　　i) 句號 (. ) (Period, Full Stop)

　　ii) 問號 ( ? ) (Interrogation Mark)

　　iii) 感嘆號 ( ! ) (Exclamation Mark)

　　iv) 逗號( , ) (Comma)

　　v) 分號( ; ) (Semicolon)

　　vi) 冒號( : ) (Colon)

　　vii) 破折號 ( 一 ) (Dash)

　　viii) 括號( [ ] ) (Parentheses)

　　ix) 引號 ( “ ” )(Quotation Marks)

　　x) 連字號 ( – ) (Hyphen)

　　xi) 撇號( ’ ) (Apostrophe)

　　xii) 刪節(jié)號 (…) (Ellipsis)

　　上列標點符號，可歸納為三種情況：i)—iii) 用于句尾;iv)—ix)用于句中;x)一xi)用于詞內(nèi)。最后一個符號常用于引文中，表示刪掉一些文字。

　　9.1 主要標點符號的用法

　　1) 逗號 (Comma)

　　主要用于：

　　a) 并列的詞或句子。例如：

　　Solids , liquids and gases can be changed from one to another.

　　From l926 until his death in l953, Thorpe lived a poor , lonely , unhappy life.

　　There’s only enough room for people to walk in , take one of the eleven inserts , roll them together , slip a rubber band around them and slide them into a plastic bag.

　　The present is living , the past dead , and the future unknowable.

　　b) 狀語(包括從句，動詞-ing形式，獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，不定式短語，介詞短語等)。例如：

　　When water is heated , it will be changed into vapour.

　　John , seeing that his brother was hurt , ran to help him. 或Seeing that his brother was hurt , John ran to help him.

　　Work is done , even by a force acting at a distance.

　　To make the trip more exciting for the kids , Oscar kept the destination a secret.

　　After the heartbreaking experience , Thorpe turned to professional sports.

　　c) 非限定形容詞從句或插入語。例如：

　　At l0 a.m.we arrived at the railway station 2 where Jane was waiting for us.

　　You know , of course , what a phrasal verb is. I needn’t , therefore , explain it now.

　　d) 呼語、同位語。例如：

　　George , tell Dick the answer to the question.

　　He was a direct descendant of the famous warrior chief , Black Hawk.

　　e) 日期、數(shù)字、地址。例如：

　　Chichester began the greatest voyage of his life in August , 1966.

　　The voyage from England and back covered 28,2500 miles.

　　Please send it to 1932 Hill Road , London S.E. 18.(門牌號和街名間無標點)

　　f) 姓名(姓在名前面時)，非正式信件的抬頭或信末署名前的客套語。例如：

　　Shakespeare , William

　　Einstein , Albert

　　Dear Philip ,

　　Sincerely yours ,

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