第五講  不定式

　　5．1 不定式(The Infinitive)的形式

　　注：i) 不定式的否定是“not+不定式”。例如：

　　Jane asked me not to mention it.

　　ii) 不定式前面可以加特殊疑問(wèn)詞，如how to do, when to leave, what to say等。

　　5.2 不定式的句法功能

　　1) 作主語(yǔ)

　　a) 不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it放在句首代替不定式，而將不定式移到謂語(yǔ)后面。例如：

　　To complete the 24-storied building in 10 months was a great achievement.

　　(=It was a great achievement to complete the 24-storied building in lo months.)

　　To be a good teacher requires/patience.

　　(=It requires patience to be a good teacher.)

　　b) 有時(shí)用“介詞for/of+代詞/名詞”表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，但要注意它們?cè)谝馑忌系膮^(qū)別。

　　例如：

　　i) It is important for you to use your time wisely.(=It is important that you use your time wisely.)

　　ii) It was brave of him to dive from the cliff.(=He was brave to dive from the cliff=How brave (it was) of him to dive from the cliff.)

　　用在ii)類句子作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的形容詞有absurd，bold，brave，careful，careless，cowardly，cruel，foolish，generous，good，honest，kind，nice，polite，rude，selfish，silly，stupid，thoughtful，thoughtless，wicked，wise，wrong等。

　　2) 作賓語(yǔ)

　　a) 動(dòng)詞+不定式

　　We hope to have more opportunities to talk with native speakers.

　　He promised not to tell anyone about it.

　　能帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞還有afford，agree，ask，attempt，beg，begin，bother，care，choose，claim，consent，decide，demand，desire，dislike，endeavour，expect，fail，fear，forget，hate，help，hesitate，intend，learn，like，love，manage，mean，neglect，offer，plan，pledge，prefer，prepare，pretend，refuse，remember，resolve，start，threaten，undertake，venture，volunteer，vow，want，wish等。

　　b) 動(dòng)詞+wh-詞+不定式

　　They asked how to get to the railway station.

　　Have you decided whether to go for an outing?

　　能以這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞還有：consider，discover，explain，forget，guess，know，learn，observe，remember，see，tell，understand，wonder等。

　　3) 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

　　a) 動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞+不定式

　　He challenged Ann to race him to the school.

　　We should get him to see a doctor.

　　He told me where to take the bus.

　　能帶這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞還有：advise，allow，ask，be9，cause，command，compel，enable，determine，encourage，expect，。feel，find，force，hate，*have，*hear，*help，inform，invite，*let，like，*make，mean，need，*notice，notify，oblige，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，*see，send，teach，tell，tempt，trouble，urge，want，warn，watch，wish等。

　　注：有*號(hào)的動(dòng)詞后面的不定式零帶to。

　　b) 動(dòng)詞+it+形容詞/名詞+不定式

　　He feels it challenging to be a supermarket manager.

　　賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 賓 語(yǔ)

　　Robert doesn’t think it advisable for Mary to be on a diet.

　　能帶這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞還有consider，judge，make等。

　　c) 動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞+to be.../to have...

　　They appointed Professor Johnson to be the president of the university.

　　We believe him to have the best collection of stamps in the country.

　　能帶這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞還有：choose，declare，find，guess，imagine，judge，prove，report，select，think等。

　　這種結(jié)構(gòu)多用于正式文體，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常用賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：

　　We believe that he has the best collection of stamps in the country.

　　4) 作定語(yǔ)

　　a) 由only，last，next序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。例如：

　　He is always the last one to leave the office.

　　This is the third case of smallpox to occur in the town.

　　I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.

　　b) 不定式常用作下列名詞/代詞的定語(yǔ)：ability，ambition，anything，attempt，capability，chance，curiosity，desire，decision，determination，effort，failure，intention，need，nothing，opportunity，place，plan，promise，reason，right，something，tendency，time，way，wish等。例如：

　　Anything to do with the sun is called “solar”.

　　I have no desire to travel.

　　There’s no need to bother him with such trifles.

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