2012年同等學(xué)力申碩英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作語(yǔ)法講義(4)

來(lái)源：中國(guó)教育在線時(shí)間：2012-04-20 11:30:35

　　第四講一致

　　一、主謂一致(Agreement of Subject and Verb)

　　1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上必須與主語(yǔ)一致

　　a) 在語(yǔ)序正常的句子中

　　My father has travelled widely.

　　Things are invented when the need is great enough.

　　b) 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中

　　There is no smoke without fire.

　　There were not many influential guests at the party.

　　There seems to be little time left.

　　There seem to be too many men in the field.

　　注：在there, here引起的結(jié)構(gòu)中，如主語(yǔ)有好幾個(gè)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)取得一致。例如：

　　There was a TV set, a portrait and several albums(相冊(cè))on the shelf.

　　Here are a few envelopes, a pen and some paper in the drawer.

　　c) 在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中

　　In every province of China are found rich natural resources.

　　Here come the five noisy children from next door.

　　d) 在主語(yǔ)后有修飾語(yǔ)的句子中

　　Differences in speech often cause people to snigger(竊笑).

　　His attempt to improve the experiments is successful.

　　A person who has good friends enjoys life more.

　　e) 在主語(yǔ)后有“as well as, not to mention, along with等+名詞”句子中

　　Unemployment as well as taxes influences votes.

　　Taxes, not to mention unemployment, influence votes.

　　This man along with his sons always catches the largest fish.

　　由上述d)、e)諸例可以看出，主謂一致不受修飾語(yǔ)或“as well as等+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞的數(shù)的影響。此外，主語(yǔ)后若跟有accompanied by, as much as, besides, except(but), in addition to, including, instead of, no less than, rather than, together with等+名詞，也不影響其與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致關(guān)系。

　　2) 單數(shù)主語(yǔ)

　　a) 不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語(yǔ))及名詞從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　例如：

　　To become doctors is their ambition.

　　Reading without comprehension is no good.

　　What that country needs is more jobs and lower taxes.

　　b) 事件、國(guó)名、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱(chēng)、書(shū)及其他作品的名稱(chēng)用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　例如：

　　The United Nations was formed in l945.

　　The Thirty-Nine Steps was written by John Buchan.

　　c) 下列不定代詞或限定詞作主語(yǔ)或修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞永遠(yuǎn)是單數(shù)。例如：

單數(shù)	說(shuō) 明
Every silver knife, fork, and spoon has to be counted.Each book and magazine is listed in the card catalog (目錄). Each of the students has a schedule. Everyone／Everybody is here.	every和each后面的名詞為單數(shù)。 each of后的名詞必須是復(fù)數(shù)。
One of my friends needs some help。Is either of the singers reading now? Neither (one) is satisfactory.	one of 后的名詞必須是復(fù)數(shù)。
Many a college student wishes to return to the easy days of high school.	many a后的名詞是單數(shù)。注意：a great／good many后的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)。例如： A great／good, many books have been written on the subject.