第九節(jié) 非謂語動(dòng)詞作詞賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語 

一、非謂語動(dòng)詞(短語)作動(dòng)詞賓語

1. 要求動(dòng)詞+-ing作賓語的動(dòng)詞

    有些動(dòng)詞只要求動(dòng)詞+-ing作賓語, 這類動(dòng)詞有:admit, advise, advocate, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider,delay, deny, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep, mind, miss, pardon, permit, postpone, prevent, quit, regret, require, resent, resist, risk, stop, suggest, understand, can’t help (couldn’t help), stand 等, 例如: 

I couldn’t help feeling proud of our country.
Someone suggested organizing an outing to the Western Hills.
I suggest our going to the park on Sunday.我建議我們星期天去公園。
It has stopped raining.雨停了。
They risked losing their jobs.他們冒著失去工作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
The roof requires repairing.屋頂需要修理了。
I believe you will regret leaving Paris.我相信你會(huì)為離開巴黎而后悔的。
He has quit smoking.他已戒了煙。
They postponed sending an answer to a request.他們耽擱了對(duì)一項(xiàng)請(qǐng)求的答覆。
The child kept asking me questions.這孩子老是問我問題。
She missed going to the party on Saturday.星期六她沒能出席聚會(huì)。
Would you mind switching the television to channel 8?請(qǐng)把電視轉(zhuǎn)到八頻道好嗎?
Your wish to go for a walk does not justify your leaving the baby alone in the house. 你想出去散步并不證明將嬰兒獨(dú)自留在屋中是對(duì)的。
Can you imagine her becoming a pilot? 你能想象她成了飛行員嗎？
I haven’t finished reading the book yet.我還沒讀完這本書。
Fancy sitting in the sun all day!想一想整天坐在太陽底下的滋味吧!
We were lucky to escape being punished.我們很幸運(yùn),沒有受罰。
I enjoyed reading these books very much.我很喜歡讀這些書。
I cannot endure being disturbed in my work. 我不能忍受在工作的時(shí)候受人干擾。
He denied having seen these watches before.他否認(rèn)曾經(jīng)見過這些手表。
Our teacher does not allow cheating to go unpunished. 我們的老師不容許欺騙行為不受到懲罰。
We’re considering moving to Seattle.我們考慮搬往西雅圖。
They all avoided mentioning that name.他們都避免提及那名字。
He anticipated his deriving much instruction from the lecture. 他期望從這次演講中得到很多教益。
I admitted breaking the window.我承認(rèn)打破了窗子。
I advised against their doing it. 我勸他們不要做這件事。
He advocates reforming the prison system.他主張改良監(jiān)獄制度。

某些動(dòng)詞詞組也要求動(dòng)詞+-ing作賓語, 例如: give up, leave off, put off (注: 這些動(dòng)詞短語均為動(dòng)詞+副詞結(jié)構(gòu))以及amound to, be accustomed to, be used to, be opposed to, devote to, feel like,look forward to, object to, resort to(依靠、求助于), submit to（屈服于） 等。例如: 

Mr. Smith gave up smoking according to his doctor’s advice.
Do you feel like having a walk with us in the woods by the sea?
Some people in the rich world are opposed to doing business with poor countries.

有時(shí)在形容詞后面也要求用動(dòng)詞+-ing, 例如: busy, worth, worthwhile等。例如: 

Is it worthwhile making such an experiment?
I am busy writing a novel.我正忙于寫小說。
That novel is not worth reading.那部小說不值得一讀。

還有在Point, trouble, difficulty 等名詞后, 也用動(dòng)詞+-ing。例如:

There is not much point (in) thinking about it. 
There is no point in complaining. They can’t do anything to help you.抱怨于事無補(bǔ);他們沒辦法幫助你。
American businessmen have difficulty (in) understanding their Japanese counterparts. 
I had a little trouble learning English grammar.我學(xué)英文語法有過一點(diǎn)困難。

注: 在 it’s no use, it’s not much use, it’s no good 后要求用動(dòng)詞+-ing。但是在it is of no use 后則要用動(dòng)詞不定式。例如: 

It’s no use crying about it. You must do something.
It’s no good writing to him; he never answers letters.
It’s of no use to cry over spilt milk.

2. 要求動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞

    有些動(dòng)詞后面可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式, 這類動(dòng)詞有:  afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, assist, attempt, (can’t) bear, beg, begin, bother, care cease, choose, claim, continue, dare, decide, demand, eserve, desire, determine, dislike, endeavour, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean,need, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, propose,refuse, regret, remember, require, seek, start, strive, swear, tend, think,threaten, try, undertake, want, wish 等。例如:

Don’t hesitate to ask me questions if you don’t understand.
He endeavoured to adopt a positive but realistic attitude to the issue. 

He endeavored to streamline the plant organization.他努力使工廠組織簡化而更有效地運(yùn)作
Philip politely pretended not to have heard this remark.

3. 在有些動(dòng)詞后面既可以跟動(dòng)詞+-ing, 也可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式這類動(dòng)詞有: attempt, (can’t)bear, begin, cease, continue, deserve, dislike, dread, ear,forget, hate, intend, like, love, need, neglect, plan, prefer, propose, regret,remember, require, start, try, want 等。

    在有些動(dòng)詞后面, 兩種結(jié)構(gòu)之間的意義差別不大。例如:

    He prefers writing (to write) an outline before he writes a summary.
    He had really intended staying (to stay) longer.

    但在某些動(dòng)詞之后, 兩種結(jié)構(gòu)之間的意義差別較明顯:

We must try to solve this problem.我們必須設(shè)法解決這個(gè)問題。
We can try solving this problem in other ways.我們可以試用另一些方法來解決這一問題。
I must remember to pay you for the ticket.我一定要記住把電影票的錢支付給你。
I don’t remembe paying you for the tickets.我不記得已把電影票的錢支付給你了。   

這類詞還有forget, mean, regret等。
demand, deserve, need, require, want 等詞既可以要求動(dòng)詞+-ing作賓語, 也可以要求動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語。例如:

John’s house in the country wants painting.
John’s house in the country wants to be painted.

這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)意義相同。

還有像go on, stop 這類動(dòng)詞如果后接動(dòng)詞+-ing 則表示繼續(xù)(做某事)或停止(做某事); 而如果后接動(dòng)詞不定式則表示前面一個(gè)動(dòng)作已結(jié)束或停止, 繼之做另一個(gè)動(dòng)作。例如:

The robot first reads the engineering drawing and then goes on to
assemble the parts

    機(jī)器人首先閱讀工程圖紙, 然后根據(jù)圖約安裝零部件。

Some students went on working on their examination when the bell rang.
    當(dāng)鈴聲響的時(shí)候, 一些學(xué)生還在繼續(xù)做考試題。

二、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語

要求動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:feel, have, hear, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, observe, see和watch。在這些動(dòng)詞后面, 做賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。例如:

I’ll try to get someone repair the recorder for you.
Electricity makes the motor run. 

I heard him say so.我聽到他這么說過。
She would not let the child do it.她不會(huì)讓孩子做這事的。
I observed him stop at the gate.我看到他在門口停下來。
I watched him put on his coat.我看著他穿上衣服。


但是當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí), 后面的動(dòng)詞不定式則必須帶to:

The motor is made to run by electricity.

在 cannot but, do nothing but (except), had better, had best, rather than, would rather 。.than 和 would sooner than等結(jié)構(gòu)后要求不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。例如: 

I have done nothing except do what I should. 

One cannot but admire her even if one may not like her.你即使不喜歡她也只得佩服她。

要求動(dòng)詞+-ing(短語)作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有: discover, feel, find, have, hear, keep, leave, like, need, notice,observe, report, see, smell, spot, want, watch 等。例如:

Male secretaries sometimes find themselves mistaken for higher status
professionals.

You can have your tape recorder repaired in the shop over there.

   其中在see, hear, feel, observe, watch, notice 等動(dòng)詞后, 既可以用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 也可以用動(dòng)詞+-ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的?事實(shí)( 即動(dòng)作全部過程結(jié)束 ), 后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行過程(即動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)。

Tom saw his parents get into the car and drive off.
I saw him making the experiment.

    注: 如果是過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語, 則表示過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語?動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成。例如:

    We found the work completely done.

Exercise 9--I Fill in the blands with proper verb forms:

1. The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them ____
(practise) every night this week.

2. We will have you ____ (know) that the machine has been made ____
(work) at full speed.

3. The injured man could do nothing but____(wait) for the doctor to
arrive.

4. You had better ____(reserve) your seats today if you want to go to
the game.

5. We would rather put the meeting off than ____(hold) it without

adequate preparation.

6. She likes to ____(listen)to the rain ____(patter)on the window-panes.

7. I would like you ____(bring) the book which I lent you three months ago.

8. If your pencil is let ____(drop)to the floor, you can see gravity in
action.

9. Suddenly we felt the atmosphere ____(grow) tense.

10. He was seen____(drive) the car at high speed on the highway yesterday.

11. I know it’s not important but I can’t help ____(think) about it.

12. That place is worth ____(travel) hundreds of miles to visit.

13. Do you mean ____(risk)____(catch) cold by going out now that it has
started pouring with rain?

14. How do you always manage ____(escape) ____(help)to do the washing-up?

15. I can’t stand people ____(shout) and ____(push) on the street.

16. We shall appreciate ____(discuss) the matter with you again.

17. It is of no use ____(argue) about it because he will never
change his mind.

18. It is not much use ____(have) a bicycle if you don’t know how to
ride it.

19. If we go ____(camp), we ought to take some food with us.

20. They don’t allow____(make) noise in the classroom building.

Exercise 9-II Fill in the blands with proper verb forms and then
translate the sentences into Chinese:

1. I forget ____(collect) your homework yesterday.

2. I shall dnever forget ____(go)with you to see the President.

3. Try ____(sit)still in a chair in a darkened room; you will
be surprised how fast you’ll get sleepy.

4. My sister tried ____(cheer)me up by every possible means.

5. A party tonight will mean ____(work) extra hard tomorrow.

6. I meant ____(ring) you but I’m afraid I forgot.

7. I regret ____(say) it was your fault.

8. I regret ____(say) you have failed in the examination.

9. I don’t like ____(swim) today because it is too cold.

10. Tom has lived in a village on the sea and he likes ____(swim)very much.

11. We won’t have him ____(do)the work owing to his health.

12. We saw the machine tools ____(assemble), when we visited the
factory last week.

13. Did you see Mr. Chang____(switch)off the light

14. At this moment he felt his heart____(beat)hard.

15. I want to gent something ____(read)during the vocation.

Exercise 9--III Choose the one answer that best complete the sentence:

1. Nobody enjoys having a tooth ____.

A. drill and fill       B. drilling and filling
C. to drill and fill D. drilled and filled

2. It’s no use our ____any longer. He may come by any train. He is
used to finding his way around.

A. to wait                B. waiting
C. to have waited D. having waited

3. The revolutionary fighter would rather die with his head high than
____with his knees bent.

A. to live                B. living
C. live                      D. lived

4. I forgot ____her that my coat buttons need to be sewn on.

A. reminding            B. having reminded
C. to remind           D. to have reminded

5. It’s no good ____remember grammatical rules. You need to practise
what you have learned.

A. trying to             B. to try to
C. try to                   D. tried to 

6. I feel like ____to the owner of the house to complain.

A. writing                 B. to write
C. write                     D. having written

7. As we approached the village we saw many new houses____.

A. built                     B. build

C. being built        D. building

8. Tim cannot but ____ his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty
he has in doing his project.

A. to ask                    B. ask
C. asking                    D. asked

9. Would you mind ____ quiet for a moment? I am trying ____a form.

A. keeping; filling out         B. to keep; to fill out
C. keeping; to fill out         D. to keep; filling out 

10. I don’t remember ____ to professor Brown during my last visit
to Harvard.

A. having introduced                B. having been introduced
C. to have introduced              D. to have been introduced

11. "Why did you leave the meeting early?" "I found the discussion ____."

A. boring                     B. bored
C. bore                         D. boredom

12. The electric shaver needs ____before it can be used.

A. repairing                B. to repair
C. being repaired     D. to be repairing

13. I did not mean ____anything, but those apples looked so good I couldn’t resist____one.

A. to eat; trying      B. to eat; to trying
C. eating; to try      D. eating; to trying

14. I can’t understand ____ a decision until it is late.

A. him to postpone to make              B. his postponing to make
C. him postpone making                      D. his postponing making

15. Mrs. Douglas unknowingly left a package ____on the shop counter.

A. laying                        B. to lie
C. laid                            D. lying

16. I dread____to pay another visit to the graveyard.

A. having                        B. to had
C. having had                D. have

17. The younger the child, the more readily the mother gives in to his
demands to avoid____him.

A. disappointing         B. to disappoint
C. disappoint                 D. to have disappointed

18. John made it clear that he objected to ____the circuit on the
original project.

A. being converted      B. convert
C. converting                 D. have converted

19. In such a large crowd the policemen had considerable difficulty ____
the woman who had calledfor help.

A. locating                     B. to locate
C. having located        D. locate

20. I would appreciate ____it a secret.

A. you to keep                B. that you keep

C. your keeping             D. that you will keep