2011同等學(xué)力申碩英語每日一練 5月15日

來源：在職研究生網(wǎng) 時間：2011-05-16 08:41:36

　　Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction. Computers are often used as part of automated （自動化） production systems requiring a least possible number of operators， causing the loss of many jobs. This has happened， for example， in many steelworks.
　　On the other hand，computers do create jobs. They are more skilled and better paid， though fewer in number than those they replace. Many activities could not continue in their present form without computers， no matter how many people are employed. Examples are the check clearing （交換） system of major banks and the weather forecasting system.
　　When a firm introduces computers， a few people are usually employed in key posts （such as jobs of operations managers） while other staff are re-trained as operators， programmers， and data preparation staff. After the new system has settled down， people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced when they leave， resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activity of the frim，resulting from the introduction of computers.
　　The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers， making promotion for older workers not skilled in computers more difficult.
　　On the other hand， many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable. They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity， which will improve the condition of the whole economy， and lead to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Prime Minister， James Callaghan in 1979， when he made the point that new technologies hold the key to increased productivity， which will benefit the economy in the long run.
　　1. The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from______.
　　A. the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introduction
　　B. their use as part of automated production systems
　　C. the least possible number of operators
　　D. the production system in steelworks
　　2. The underlined word“They” （Line 1， Par. 2） refers to______.
　　A. computers
　　B. jobs
　　C. activities
　　D. systems
　　3. According to Paragraph 2， without computers______.
　　A. human activities could not continue
　　B. there could not be weather forecasting systems
　　C. many activities would have to change their present form
　　D. banks would not be able to go on with check clearing
　　4. According to the passage， what results from the introduction of computers？
　　A. After re-training，all employees in the firm get new jobs.
　　B. A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts.
　　C. The finn keeps all of its original staff members.
　　D. The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of finn activities.
　　5. James Callaghan's attitude towards computers can be best described as______.
　　A. doubtful
　　B. regretful
　　C. unfriendly
　　D. supportive

　　答案解析：
　　文章大意：文章介紹了計算機對人們生活、工作的影響。第一段說計算機的引進(jìn)會導(dǎo)致工人的失業(yè)。第二段說相反計算機會創(chuàng)造更多職業(yè)。第三段說引進(jìn)計算機引起的失業(yè)和崗位創(chuàng)造之間的平衡。第四段說有些工人對計算機很害怕。第五段說很多工人認(rèn)為大范圍的使用計算機的趨勢是不可避免的。
　　全文翻譯
　　許多對計算機不友好的感覺來自于因為引進(jìn)計算機二帶來的大規(guī)模的失業(yè)。計算機經(jīng)常被用于部分自動化生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。這種系統(tǒng) 只需要最少可能的操作員，因此引起了大量工作崗位的減少，例如很多鋼鐵廠已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情那樣。
　　另一方面，計算機創(chuàng)造了很多工作。這些工作往往更需要技巧，工資更高，盡管比它們?nèi)〈穆毼粩?shù)量少些。很多活動沒有計算機就不能以現(xiàn)在的模式進(jìn)行，不論雇傭多少人力。例如，較大銀行的支票結(jié)算系統(tǒng)和天氣預(yù)報系統(tǒng)。
　　當(dāng)一個公司引進(jìn)計算機的時候，通常只有小部分人在關(guān)鍵崗位（如運營經(jīng)理），而其他員工被訓(xùn)練為操作員、程序員和數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備員。系統(tǒng)建立以后，當(dāng)非計算機的工作的人們離開的時候，這些工作崗位經(jīng)常不會被其他人員取代，這使得工人人數(shù)減少，這個減少有時會被公司里其他由于計算機的引進(jìn)二增加的活動所平衡掉。
　　工人們對待計算機的態(tài)度各異。熱門普遍害怕失業(yè)，害怕許多職位被受過計算機培訓(xùn)的工人取代。這使沒有計算機技術(shù)的歲數(shù)大一些的工人晉升更加困難。
　　另一方面，許多工人認(rèn)為廣泛使用計算機的這個趨勢是不可避免的。他們認(rèn)識到計算機帶來了更大的效率和生產(chǎn)力，這將改進(jìn)整個經(jīng)濟(jì)條件，并帶來工作職位的增加。1979年的錢英國首相詹姆斯·卡拉漢支持這個觀點，當(dāng)時他指出，新技術(shù)隊提高生產(chǎn)力很重要，這在長期看來會使經(jīng)濟(jì)受益。
　　試題解析
　　1、答案為A。本題考查考生對文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解。根據(jù)文章第一段“…based on the fear of widespread unemployment resulting from their introduction.”可知A項中的“caused”即為“resulting from”的同義轉(zhuǎn)換
　　2、答案為B。本題考查考生對詞匯指代的把握。首先they 指的肯定是名詞，根據(jù)第二段的前兩句可知they前面有兩個名詞computers，jobs。在根據(jù)后面的意思“有技巧的，報酬高的”，所以選擇B，jobs。
　　3、答案為C。本題考查考生對文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解。定為到第二段后兩句話“many activities could not continue in their present form without computers”關(guān)鍵詞是“present form”，知識不能以這種形式繼續(xù)，因此C為同義詞轉(zhuǎn)述。選項A、B、D都沒有表達(dá)出這個意思。
　　4、答案為D。本題考查考生對文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解。引進(jìn)計算機會導(dǎo)致什么后果。A項在培訓(xùn)后，公司里所有的雇員會得到新的工作。由于有all，所以顯得過于絕對。B項相當(dāng)比例的人被雇傭在關(guān)鍵崗位上，與第三段“a few people”文意相反。C項公司保留所有的員工，與文意相反。
　　5、答案為D。本題考查考生對文章中某個人態(tài)度的把握。根據(jù)人名定為到最后一段最后一句。根據(jù)據(jù)以可知，他是支持這個觀點的，新技術(shù)會改善經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，提高生產(chǎn)力。