把握命題規(guī)律

　　閱讀理解中題目的順序和文章中段落的順序是基本一致的。在文章中尋找依據(jù)。

　　善用“有礙觀瞻”的內(nèi)容：

　　大寫單詞或者是地名、書名、人名，

　　大量繁瑣數(shù)字

　　利用方案：1、如果題目中出現(xiàn)，則特別關(guān)注，鎖定答案所在地；

　　2、如果題目中沒有出現(xiàn)，則跳過不讀，節(jié)省時(shí)間。

　　題目之間存在邏輯關(guān)系。做題的時(shí)候要有整體觀，所選答案不能自相矛盾。

　　具體實(shí)施方案：

　　先看首段、題目，目標(biāo)明確地尋找答案；

　　充分利用首段信息、題目信息以及每道題中所給選項(xiàng)，判斷文章內(nèi)容

　　題干中的信息都是正確信息

　　縱向閱讀選項(xiàng)

　　合并同類項(xiàng)，關(guān)注差異項(xiàng)

　　越接近主題的選項(xiàng)越可能是正確選項(xiàng)

　　尋找并確定題目之間的邏輯關(guān)系，通過推理判斷正確答案

　　除非對(duì)某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)有特殊限定（according to sb），否則要果斷排除片面觀點(diǎn)、絕對(duì)（nobody,nothing, any, all）表達(dá)

　　對(duì)于不確定的答案，按照題目所處的位置，到相應(yīng)的段落去尋找證據(jù)。

　　嚴(yán)正聲明：

　　該方法并非對(duì)所有文章、所有題目合適。建議和常規(guī)解題方法結(jié)合使用。

　　尤其適用于沒有時(shí)間閱讀全文的時(shí)候

　　例1、Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage:

　　16. Americans believe that education is

　　the only way to success

　　the main purpose of the schools

　　just like climbing ladders

　　important to success

　　17.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as important to success?

　　intellectual achievement

　　competitive personality

　　social backgrounds

　　social and political skills

　　18. A variety of extracurricular activities are added in American schools

　　to help students climb the education ladder

　　to enrich students' dull life at school

　　to help students become more successful in later life

　　to extend college education down into elementary schools

　　19. Athletic activities are designed          .

　　to make boys stronger （片面詞）

　　to teach students winning spirit

　　to develop students’ social and political skills

　　to improve the academic programs

　　20. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage ?

　　Education and Success

　　Extracurricular Activities at School

　　Athletic Sports

　　Intellectual Achievement

　　While it is true that Americans believe climbing the educational ladder leads to success, they are less certain that intellectual achievement is the only important factor leading to success . A competitive personality is seen as important to success , especially in men . The development of social and political skills are also considered to be very important.

　　To help Americans develop these other important skills , schools have added a large number of extracurricular (課程外) activities to daily life at school . This is especially true of high schools and colleges and extends down into elementary schools as well .

　　Athletics , frequently called “competitive sports ,”are perhaps the most important in teaching students , particularly boys ,the “winning spirit ,” At times , athletic teams seem to become more important to some students and their parents than the academic programs offered by the schools .

　　例2、Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage: （2006在職碩士入學(xué)考試真題）

　　11. What do the fourth-grade students seem to be doing in the first paragraph?

　　They are learning how to jump.

　　They are learning how to crouch.

　　They are learning how to giggle.

　　They are learning Chinese.

　　12. The purpose of the program for Jessica's students is to ____.

　　A. enable them to learn how to command

　　B. get them enrolled in the language program

　　C. help them to speak how to command

　　D. continue enrolling more students to learn Chinese

　　13. In response to the fact that ____, more American students are learning Chinese.

　　A. the United States is the only superpower in the world

　　B. international trading is becoming globalized

　　C. partnership is encouraging business and trade

　　D. China is emerging as a new superpower in the world

　　14. Why do more and more young students personally choose to learn Chinese in the United States?

　　A. They will have more job opportunities in the future.

　　B. They are more interested in the international trade.

　　C. They will visit China for further education.

　　D. They are curious about the corporate partnership.

　　15. Isabel Weiss has also chosen to learn Chinese because ____.

　　A. she wants a brighter future

　　B. she finds it fun to learn the language

　　C. she likes to do business in China

　　D. she watches people speak the language

　　Jessica Bucknam shouts “tiao!” (tee-ow) and her fourth-grade students jump.

　　“Dun!” (doo-wen) she commands, and they crouch (蹲). They giggle (吃吃地笑) as the commands keep coming in Mandarin Chinese.

　　Half of the 340 students at the K-5 school are enrolled in the program. They can continue studying Chinese in middle and high schools. The goal: to speak like natives.

　　About 24,000 American students are currently learning Chinese. Most are in high schools. But the number of younger students is growing in response to China's emergence as a global superpower.

　　"China has become a strong partner of the United States," says Mary Patterson, Woodstock's principal. "Children who learn Chinese at a young age will have more opportunities for jobs in the future.”

　　Isabel Weiss, 9, isn’t thinking about the future. She thinks learning Chinese is fun. “when you hear people speaking in Chinese, you know what they’re saying,” she says. “And they don’t know that you know.”

　　例3

　　1. Some people think birth control is             .

　　A. not a workable idea          B. too strict

　　C. only for religious people      D. dangerous

　　2. Critics say intelligence is based on             .

　　A. a good home environment     B. adequate diet

　　C. genetics                   D. all of the above

　　3. Can you define the word "fallacy" in the sentence "However, some critics sees a fallacy in this argument"?

　　A. False idea.                   B. Different idea.

　　C. Unique idea                  D. Dangerous idea.

　　4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. The whole world is faced with the problem of the increasing population.

　　B. Some scientists argued that birth control can affect the level of intelligence.

　　C. Genetics is one of the main factors to intelligence.

　　D. Food, family attention and education have nothing to do with intelligence.

　　As world population becomes denser, we will feel greater pressure from the expanding number of people. Some experts argue that we are approaching the limit of the number of people the earth can support adequately, and they feel we should turn to compulsory birth control. Other authorities feel that if birth control is imposed on the population, the future of mankind would be seriously jeopardized. They think that very intelligent people would be more likely to have fewer children and this would bring about a lowering of the general level of intelligence in the population as a whole. However some critics see a fallacy in this argument. In addition to genetics, they say, intelligence depends on an adequate diet, a good home environment, parental attention, and education－all of which are increasing in the world as the general population becomes more affluent.

　　例4. 同等學(xué)力2006年真題:

　　31．In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, “our particular creature” refers to        .

　　A．fear of something        B．a(chǎn) fierce beast

　　C．physical pain        D．public ridicule

　　32．Fear can be a useful emotion to us because it can        .

　　A．stimulate many physical changes within our body

　　B．quicken our heartbeat and responses

　　C．pour large quantities of adrenaline into our bloodstream

　　D．help us respond quickly to danger and protect ourselves

　　33．Fear becomes a problem only when        .

　　A．the danger is thought greater than it really is

　　B．the danger is more psychological than physical

　　C．one cannot stand the danger

　　D．one is not well prepared for it

　　34．Different responses of newborn infants to a loudly slammed door imply that        .

　　A．some people are inherently more easily affected by danger

　　B．people’s response to stimuli is not an inherited feature

　　C．some people seem to be very sensitive to noise

　　D．people sometimes seem to turn a deaf ear to noise

　　35．Psychologists have found that our later fears are determined largely by our        .

　　A．home education        B．school education

　　C．parents’ lifestyle        D．early experiences

　　At all ages and at all stages of life, fear presents a problem to almost everyone. “We are largely the playthings of our fears,” wrote the British author Horace Walpole many years ago. “To one, fear of the dark; to another, of physical pain; to a third, of public ridicule; to a fourth, of poverty; to a fifth, of loneliness-for all of us our particular creature waits in a hidden place."

　　Fear is often a useful emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large quantities of energy-producing adrenaline (腎上激素) are poured into your bloodstream. Confronted with a fire or accident, fear can fuel life-saving flight (逃離). Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem.

　　Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright. From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.

　　Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a temporary obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problem.

　　Phil's dad, however, spent most of his time trying to protect himself and his family. Afraid to risk the insecurity of a job change, he remained unhappy in one position. He avoided long vacations because "the car might break down." Growing up in such a home, Phil naturally learned to become fearful and tense.

　　例5．

　　36．What part does the female sea horse play in having babies?

　　A．Receiving eggs.    B．Laying eggs.    C．Hatching eggs.    D．Protecting eggs.

　　37．What can be learned from the passage about giving birth to baby sea horses?

　　A．It is dangerous for the female.           B．It happens once a year.

　　C．It is hard work for the male.    D．It occurs in the deep sea.

　　38．To protect himself and his eggs, the male sea horse does all the following EXCEPT        .

　　A．changing his color        B．gripping a piece of grass

　　C．staying motionless        D．enlarging his pouch

　　39．The author suggests that when sea horse babies are ready to be born        .

　　A．the male sea horse seems very happy    B．it is difficult for them to come out

　　C．the female sea horse joins the male    D．they need larger space in the pouch

　　40．Which fact does the author want the reader to remember most?

　　A．The male sea horse gives birth to the young.

　　B．The female sea horse lays up to 200 eggs at a time.

　　C．Baby sea horses are born in groups of five or more.

　　D．The female will return every day to check on the eggs.

　　Sea horses are unusual parents. The female sea horses lay the eggs, but unlike other creatures, it's the males that give birth to the young.

　　Male sea horses have a fold of skin on their bellies that forms pocket, called a brood pouch. During the breeding season, the sea horse's pouch swells to receive eggs. A female sea horse lays up to 200 eggs at a time in the pouch. Then she swims off, leaving her male partner to care for the developing eggs and give birth to young sea horses. The female will return everyday to check on her mate and the eggs, but she doesn't stay long, nor does she take part in the birth.

　　It takes from two to six weeks for the eggs in the male's pouch to develop. During this time the male avoids open water and hides in sea grass. His big pouch makes it difficult for him to swim, so the male often uses his tail to grasp a piece of sea grass. Firmly gripping the grass, he will stay perfectly still for hours or even days. The male sea horse will change his color to blend with his surroundings and avoid being seen by predators who will try to eat him or poke holes in his pouch to get the eggs.

　　The eggs hatch inside the male's pouch. When the babies begin moving around, the male sea horse knows it's time for them to be born. He grabs a sea grass stem with his tail and begins rocking, bending, and stretching his body so that the rest of the babies can be born. Sometimes he has to press his pouch against a rock or some stiff seaweed to force the young out.

　　Sea horse babies are born in groups of five of more. Sometimes it takes two days for the father sea horse to give birth to all his young. He is very tired when it's over.

　　Soon after giving birth to one brood, the male will approach his mate and show her his empty pouch. This tells her he is ready to receive eggs again.

　　例6

　　41. All the following statements are true EXCEPT that ________.

　　A. the upper-upper class is of aristocratic origin.

　　B. the “old rich” enjoy higher prestige than the “new rich”.

　　C. the “old rich” isolate themselves and lead a lonely life.

　　D. the upper class owns at least a quarter of the country's wealth.

　　42. The "old rich" get richer ________.

　　A. through the Social Register

　　B. through their reputation

　　C. by investing their inherited wealth

　　D. by collecting paintings and sculptures

　　43. The reason why the "old rich" look down upon the "new rich" is that ______.

　　A. the former are wealthier than the later

　　B. the later sweat themselves to make money

　　C. the "new rich" have no interest in arts

　　D. the "old rich" are conscious of being members of the upper class

　　44. The upper class is also called the out-of-sight class because _________.

　　A. they keep away from the general public

　　B. they spend most of their time abroad

　　C. they don't communicate with any people

　　D. they move frequently from place to place

　　45. We can learn from the passage that ________.

　　A. the upper class is powerful and influential

　　B. the upper class collects rare books to make money

　　C. the upper class holds all top government positions

　　D. the "old rich" makes much more money than the "new rich"

　　Though it is mere I to 3 percent of the population, the upper class possesses at least 25 percent of the nation's wealth. This class has tow segments: upper-upper and lower-upper. Basically, the upper-upper class is the "old rich"-families that have bee wealthy for several generations-an aristocracy of birth and wealth. Their names are in the Social Register, a listing of acceptable members of high society. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockefellers, Roosevelts, and Vanderbilts. Most are not visible to the general public. They live in grand seclusion (深居簡(jiǎn)出), drawing their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. In contrast, the lower-upper class is the “new rich”. Although they may be wealthier than some of the old rich; the new rich have hustled (急于做) to make their money like everybody else beneath their class. Thus their prestige is generally lower than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who tend to look down upon the new rich.

　　However its wealth is acquired, the upper class is very, very rich. They have enough money and leisure time to cultivate an interest in the arts and to collect rate books, painting, and sculpture. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, communicate with each other, and marry their own kind-all of which keeps them so distant from the masses that they have been called the out-of-sight class. More than any other class, they tend to be conscious of being members of a class. They also command an enormous amount of power and influence here and abroad, as they hold many top government positions, run the Council on Foreign Relations, and control multinational corporations. The actions affect the lives of millions.