步行、驢、馬、玩笑 on ，cab ，carriage用 in

    例：On foot 步行； on horse 騎馬； on donkey騎驢。

    He rode on， blood flowing from his side. 他騎著馬，鮮血從腰部流下
來。

    The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day
in order to catch up with his unit. 為趕上部隊，那位八路軍戰(zhàn)士騎馬日行
百里。

    Go on horse back！騎馬去！

    You are having me on！你和我開玩笑呢！

    in cab和 in carriage不能用 on 或 by cab 或 carriage.

    at山腳、門口在當前，速、溫、日落價核心

    即在山腳下、在門口、在目前，速度、以……速率、溫度、在日落時、在…
…核心要用at.

    例：At the foot of the mountain ， there are thirty of our comrades.
在山腳下，有我們30個同志。

    There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill.山腳下有一個美麗
的湖。

    At the gate of the house there are many children playing glass ball.
門口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。

    Who's standing there at the door？誰站在門口？

    I don't need the dictionary at present. 我現(xiàn)在還不需要這本詞典。

    He is at present in Washington. 他目前正在華盛頓。

    The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour. 火車每小時行駛50公里。

    We built the plant at top speed and minimum cost. 我們以最低的投資，
最高的速度修建了該工廠。

    at home 在國內(nèi)，在家里at ten degrees centigrade 在攝氏10度at minus
ten degrees centigrade攝氏零下10度Water freezes at 0°centigrade. 水在
攝氏零度結(jié)冰。

    Water usually boils at 100°。水通常在攝氏100 度沸騰。

    at zero 在零度at full speed 全速at a good price 高價at a low cost
低成本at a great cost 花了很大代價at that time在當時Evaporation takes
place at all temperatures.蒸發(fā)在任何溫度下都能發(fā)生。

    at 1000 RPM （revolution per minute ）每分鐘1000轉(zhuǎn)at a high speed
高速

    The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset. 戰(zhàn)士們在
日落時對敵人發(fā)起了攻擊。

    at daybreak 日出時The force at the core leading our cause forward
is the Chinese Communist Party. 領導我們事業(yè)的核心力量是中國共產(chǎn)黨。

    The atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一個原子核。

    At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was
very strict with us.這學期開始，我們的班主任老師對我們要求非常嚴格。

    以及 At the first session of the First National People's congress
of the People's Republic of China.在中華人民共和國第一次全國人民代表大
會第一次會議上。

    常用的 at 短語有：

    at first首先，開始時at least至少at all events 無論如何at home 在家，
無拘束at one stroke 一下子at a loss 不知怎辦at any rate 不管怎樣at length
詳細地be at high tide 處于高潮期at our invitation 應我們的邀請at our request
應我們的請求at the news 聽到這消息at the risk of冒……危險at a great expense
以巨大費用at a stroke 一舉at intervals of 每隔at liberty有權(quán)，隨意at the
sight of一見到at the point of 接近，靠近at the thought of 一想到at the
speed of以……速度at the cost （price ） of 以……為代價at leisure閑著、
失業(yè)at the disposal of任憑……使用at stake在危險中、在成敗關(guān)頭at bottom
實際上、本質(zhì)上at short notice 一得到通知at seeing us看到我們at the happy
tidings 聽到喜訊at sixteen在16歲時at the present stage在現(xiàn)階段at the weekend
周末at all times永遠at 405 Victory Road 在勝利路405 號

    工具、同、和、隨 with ，具有，獨立、就、原因

    例：We write with ball pens.我們用油筆寫字。（工具）

    但 He write in blue ink.他用藍水筆寫字（墨水用 in 不用 with ）

    Theory must go hand in hand with practice.理論必須同實踐相結(jié)合。
（同）

    He is talking with friends. 他正同朋友們談話。（同）

    I'd like to have a dinner with a friend.我喜歡同朋友共同進餐。

    We must co-operate closely with them. 我們必須同他們緊密合作。（同）

    We， as human beings are going to leave ， but friendship has taken
roots among us and our hearts are linked with yours.我們雖然就要走了，
但是友誼卻在我們之間扎了根，我們的心和你們的心是緊緊相連的。（和或同〕
A cadre must become one with the masses.干部必須和群眾打成一片。

    I'm with you. 我同意你。

    An atom is so small that we can't see it with a microscope. 原子太
小，即使用顯微鏡也看不見它。（工具）

    In the past I had to part with my wife. 舊社會我不得不和妻子離別。
（和）

    The socialist revolution is deepening with each passing day.社會主
義革命日益深入。（隨著）

    They sail with the wind.他們順風航行。（隨著）

    With the change of the economic foundation， the superstructure has
to be transformed too.隨著經(jīng)濟基礎的改變，上層建筑也必須改變。（隨著）

    With the battle of Waterloo ， Napoleon's rule in Europe was ended.
滑鐵盧一戰(zhàn)，拿破侖對歐洲的統(tǒng)治就完蛋了。

    The modern electron tube. 隨著電子管的發(fā)明而誕生了現(xiàn)代電子工業(yè)。

    She is with child. = She is in a very interesting condition. = in
a family way， = She is pregnant（in pregnancy）。她懷孕了。（有）

    但She is with a child.意為：“她領著一個孩子。”

    China is a very large country with a long history.中國是一個歷史悠
久的大國。（具有）

    China is a country with a population of ten billion people. 中國是
一個有10億人口的國家。（具有）

    What is the matter with you ？怎么回事？（就，關(guān)于）

    How is it with you？你怎么啦？（就，關(guān)于）

    Everything was going well with them.他們一切都進行得很順利。（就…
…）

    It is a very intense flash with a lot of power packed into it.由于
聚集了大量的能，所以閃光非常強烈。（獨立結(jié)構(gòu)）

    注；即分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)用 with.

    With a new welding technique introduced ， the use of stainless steel
was no longer limited to making small things only.由于新的焊接技術(shù)的引
進，不銹鋼的使用就不僅僅局限在微小的物件上了。（獨立結(jié)構(gòu)）

    With all its beams advancing in step with each other the laser possessed
very particular properties which no ordinary light ever has.由于激光的
光束同步，所以它具有普通光所沒有的特殊性質(zhì)。（獨立結(jié)構(gòu)）

    Without the temperature or pressure changed matter can never change
from one state into another.沒有溫度或壓力的變化，物質(zhì)永遠不能以一種狀
態(tài)變到另一種狀態(tài)。（獨立結(jié)構(gòu)）

    The evil landlord was trembling with fear.那個萬惡的地主嚇得渾身發(fā)
抖。（原因）

    My wife's hands were rough with work. 我愛人因為老干活，手很租糙。
（原因）。

    With the help of my classmate's tape recorder I listen to the Voice
of America and B.B.C every day. 借助于我同學的錄音機，我每天收聽美國之
音和B.B.C.（原因）

    With television ， we can see all kinds of programmes on the screen
sitting at home without going to the movies and theatres. 因為有了電視，
我們坐在家里就能看到各種節(jié)目，而不必去影院、戲院了。（原因）

    就……來說賓譯主，對、有、方狀、表細分

    這里的 with 后邊的賓語常譯成主語。

    例：How are the things with you ？你情況怎樣？

    What's wrong with your eyes ？你的眼睛怎么啦？

    Something is wrong with my hands. 我手出點毛病。

    Everything was going well with them.他們一切都進行得很順利。

    Parents must be strict with their children. 父母對子女要嚴格。（對）

    The doctor was very patient with his patients.那位醫(yī)生對患者非常耐
心。（對）

    I'm quite satisfied with your answer. 我對你的回答很滿意。（對）

    Many intellectuals with revolutionary tendencies went to the liberated
areas.許多帶有革命傾向的知識分子都投奔解放區(qū)了。（有）

    These apartment houses are for workers with families. 這些住宅樓是
給有家屬的工人蓋的。

    He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.他兩手交叉在胸前坐
在椅子上。（狀語）獨立結(jié)構(gòu)They are highly mechanized farms， with machinery
to do all the work. 它們是高度機械化的農(nóng)場，所有工作都由機器進行。（狀
語）獨立結(jié)構(gòu)上兩句是 with 引出的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。

    I will be with you again in half an hour. 過半個鐘頭我還會跟你們在
一起的。（with的介詞短語作表語。另注意 in 將來時態(tài) in 以后）

    Our sympathies were with the students persecuted by the gang of four
during the cultural revolution. 我們是非常同情“文革”中被“四人幫”迫
害的青年學生的。（with的介詞短語作表語）。

    海、陸、空、車、偶、被 by ，單數(shù)人類 known to man

    例： by land（air ， sea， water， bus）陸路（航空，水陸，水路，乘
公共汽車）

    by micro bus坐小面包車（微型汽車）

    by mini bus 坐小面包車by train坐火車by trolley bus坐無軌電車by tram
坐有軌電車by bike 騎自行車by motor car騎摩托車by tube 坐地鐵by airbus
坐大型客機（空中汽車〕by jeep 坐吉普車by chance 偶然by accident 偶然，
無意中by virtue of靠、由于by leaps and bounds 大幅度地by way of 經(jīng)由by
the book按常規(guī)

    The list of discoveries by“accident”could fill a long book. 偶然
的發(fā)現(xiàn)可以寫一本很厚的書。（偶然）

    The law of relativity was formulated by Einstein. 相對論是愛因斯坦
創(chuàng)立的。（被動）

    The book was written by Mr. Zhang.這本書是張先生寫的。（被動）

    That in 1969 the first artificial satellite was launched to the space
is known to man. 1969 年第一顆人造衛(wèi)星上了天是眾所周知的。

    這里用 to man 而不用 by.即當單數(shù)又無冠詞的 man和 known搭配時，表示
人類不用 by.