2008年度全國(guó)職稱外語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試試卷
英語(yǔ)
(綜合類B級(jí))

　　第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)(第1—15題，每題1分，共15分)
　　下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。
　　1. She found me very dull.
　　A. dirty
　　B.sleepy
　　C.lazy
　　D. boring
　　2. The President made a brief visit to Beijing.
　　A.short
　　B.working
　　C.formal
　　D.secret
　　3. He was persuaded to give up the idea.
　　A.mention
　　B.accept
　　C.consider
　　D.drop
　　4. Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day.
　　A.eats
　　B.drink
　　C.buys
　　D.produces
　　5. Mary just told US a very fascinating story.
　　A.strange
　　B.frightening
　　C.difficult
　　D.interesting
　　6. It's a gorgeous day anyway.
　　A.lovely
　　B.cold
　　C.normal
　　D.rainy
　　7. Her life is becoming more diverse.
　　A.generous
　　B.humorous
　　C.varied
　　D.romantic
　　8. Foreign military aid was prolonging the war
　　A.broadening
　　B.worsening
　　C.extending
　　D.accelerating
　　9. She was unwilling to go but she had no choice
　　A.unable
　　B.indecisive
　　C.ready
　　D.reluctant
　　l0. She is slender, with delicate wrists and ankles
　　A..sick
　　B.weak
　　C.slim
　　D.pale
　　11. With immense relief, I stopped running.
　　A..some
　　B.enormous
　　C.little
　　D.extensive
　　12. The scientists began to accumulate data.
　　A.collect
　　B.handle
　　C.analyze
　　D.investigate
　　13. Jack eventually overtook the last truck
　　A. hit
　　B.passed
　　C.reached
　　D.led
　　14. Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance
　　A. possible
　　B.profitable
　　C.easy
　　D.wise
　　15. The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle
　　A. fact
　　B.mystery
　　C.statement
　　D.game
　　(對(duì)不起，第2部分暫缺)

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)
　　下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2---5段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題;(2)第27"--30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
　　A New Citizenship Test
　　1 Last week，a sample of the new US citizenship(公民身份)exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services(US-cist).It will be tried out in 10 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008.Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has，as the current test does，the new one asks why there are 13 stripes.Instead of having to name the branches of government，an applicant is asked to explain why there are three.
　　2 "The goal is to make it more meaningful."explains Emilio Gonzalez，director of the US.CIS.Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better” understanding and respect” for US civic(公民的)values，Gonzalez says.
　　3.The us sin’t the only country dealing with citizenship)tests that aim to get a” shared
　　commitment” from immigrants for their adopted country’s” values".1n recent years，in addition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status，several European countries have adopted citizenship tests.Britain introduced a new citizenship test Last November.1n March.a new butch law--took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test.It involved watching a video showing nude(裸體的)women bathing at beaches and gay(同性戀的)men kissing in public.The aim was to ensure that” newcomers will be comfortable with the country’s liberal social mores
　　4 Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades.But，today，the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from Inca citizens by culture and they become hostile to each other.Promoting integration has become a major concern for European countries，after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes(少數(shù)民族聚居區(qū))in France and the killing Of Dutch public figures by religious extremists.
　　5 Officials believe that a person’s attachment to a country can be tested by his or her knowledge of the country.However, some critics say that the changes can do little to help people assimilate(同化)themselves."Immigration is a culture war today.Is giving a new test the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?” says Ali Noonan，of the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition(難民辯護(hù)聯(lián)盟).
　　23. Paragraph 2_____________
　　24. Paragraph 3_____________
　　25. Paragraph 4_____________
　　26. Paragraph 5_____________
　　A Preparation for taking a citizenship test
　　B citizenship tests in European countries
　　C importance of promoting integration
　　D Necessity to know the branches of government
　　E Different views on the new citizenship test
　　F goal of the new citizenship test
　　27. The questions in the new citizenship test are more difficult
　　28. Would-be immigrants to the US are expected
　　29. In the Dutch citizenship test, all would-be immigrants are required
　　30. Some people fear that changes in the citizenship test will do little
　　A to know a lot more about the country
　　B to watch a video
　　C to help immigrants accept the new culture
　　D to marry American citizens
　　E to do low-skill jobs
　　F to answer

第4部分：閱讀理解(第31~45題，每題3分，共45分)
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
　　第一篇 Political Spins
　　Last week，US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journalists digging for their dictionaries.He called recent criticism by the former President Bill Clinton” chutzpah"(大膽放肆).With just one sentence，Snow managed to make headlines，a joke and a defense of President George W.Bush.Interestingly, this is how battles are fought and won in US politics-with carefully-worded one-liners(一行字幕新聞)made for TV which often lack substance and clarity(清晰度).
　　"The amount of information that candidates attempt to communicate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller,” said Mark Smith，a political science professor at Cedarville University.This has been accompanied by a changing media environment， Smith said.In 1 968，the average TV or radio sound bite(演講中的句子或短語(yǔ))was 48 seconds，according to Smith.In 1996。the average sound bite had shrunk to 8 seconds. Thus，politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible.
　　Campaigning politicians also use 30-'second"I V ads and clever campaign slogans to boost their messages.Republican presidential candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the” Straight-Talk Express".Mocking hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the truth—whether it’s in fashion or not.Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton，on the other hand，has chosen the campaign slogan” Let the conversation begin".She hopes it will help her appear open—minded and friendly.
　　But one—liners，TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient： something commonly called political” spin".Brooks Jackson，a former journalist and the current director of the non—partisan(無(wú)黨派的)website Fact Check.org，calls spin” just a polite word for deception(欺騙)."
　　"I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin."said Jackson.
　　"Strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency：They ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong."
　　31. Which statement is NOT true of one-liners?
　　A.They are unclear.
　　B. They contain a lot of information
　　C.They lack substance.
　　D.They are carefully constructed.
　　32 What changed from 1968 to 1996?
　　A. Publicity.
　　B. Information.
　　C. Communication.
　　D. The average sound bite.
　　33. The campaign slogan "Straight-Talk Express" aims at convincing voters that the Presidential candidate is
　　A. honest.
　　B. friendly.
　　C. open-minded.
　　D. warm-hearted.
　　34. According to Brooks Jackson, all campaign slogans are
　　A. attractive.
　　B. impressive.
　　C. deceptive.
　　D. informative.
　　35. Which statement best describes strong partisans?
　　A .They are very funny.
　　B .They are very healthy.
　　C .They are very aggressive.
　　D .They are very stubborn (頑固的).

第二篇A Tale of Scottish Rural Life

　　Lewis Grassic Gibbon's Sunset Song (1932) was voted "the best Scottish novel of all time" by Scotland's reading public in 2005. Once considered shocking for its frankdescription of aspects of the lives of Scotland's poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades.
　　The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kin Addie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it.
　　Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of hisheroine (女主人公). We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel buthard-working father; experience tragedy (her mother's suicide and murder of her twinchildren); and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman. We see her marrylose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to somefemale readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man.
　　But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. It is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kin Addie’s long history, in a language that imitates the place's changing, patterns of speech and writing.
　　The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. It is told from Chris' point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows everybody else's business and nothing is ever forgotten.
　　Sunset Song has a social theme too. It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon
　　perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I. Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this, the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths. In particular, it takes away Chris' husband, Evan Avondale. The war finally kills Evan, but not in the way his widow is told. In fact, the Germans aren't responsible for his death, but his own side. He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle.
　　If the novel is about the end of one way of life, it also looks ahead. It is a "Sunset Song" but is concerned too with the new Kin Addie, indeed of the new European world. Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story.
　　36. What is Sunset Song mainly about?
　　A.The First World War.
　　B.The beauty of the sunset.
　　C.The new European world.
　　D.The lives of rural Scottish farmers
　　37. Which statement is NOT true of Chris?
　　A.She is the heroine of Sunset Song
　　B.She had a miserable childhood.
　　C.She is the creation of a man.
　　D.She married only once.
　　38. What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with?
　　A.The climate of Kinraddie.
　　B.The history of Kinraddie.
　　C.The geography of Kinraddie.
　　D.The language spoken in Kinraddie.
　　39. Who killed Chris' husband, Ewan?
　　A.His own troops.
　　B.The French army.
　　C.The Germans.
　　D.The Russian soldiers.
　　40. The word "Sunset" in the title of this novel most probably means
　　A. the end of the heroine's life.
　　B.the end of the story.
　　C. the end of the traditional way of life.
　　D. the end of the day.

　第三篇Centers of the Great European Cities
　　The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition．People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night．A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting，metropolitan(大都市的)atmosphere．
　　Squares，plazas(廣場(chǎng))and arcades(拱廊)form the heart of Europe’s cities．
　　Venice、in Italy has the Piazza San Marco—a beautiful square surrounded by shops， churches，restaurants and cafes。In Barcelona，Spain，La Becquerel is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods．London’S Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians，acrobats(雜技演員)and artists by night．The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive In London，they serve as a beautiful backdrop(背景)to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames．
　　These vibrant(有活力的)hearts are the product of centuries of evolution，social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently．"The reason people think Venice is SO great today is you don't see all the mistakes，"said Girardeau．"Those have all been removed．"Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car. SO bars，restaurants and cafes were near to people’S homes．Today，the focus of many Europeans’ life has moved away from the centers．They live in the suburbs and outskirts. driving to supermarkets to get their supplies．But on a continent where people treasure convention，there are still those who hold onto traditional ways，living and shopping locally．These people，together with tourists，provide the city centers with their reason for existence．
　　Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists．This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos(濃咖啡)and cigarettes．
　　Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere．People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis．Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets．cafes and bars in the surrounding streets．An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Cuomo．The huge marble cathedral in Florence，Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops，and caters(迎合)not only to the tourist crowds，but also the local community.
　　41. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe
　　A. has many large squares.
　　B. has many very magnificent sky-scrapers.
　　C. draws tourists in large numbers every year.
　　D. has a center where tourists meet their spouses.
　　42. Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden?
　　A.It is crowded with people.
　　B.It is located in London.
　　C.It is filled with stalls.
　　D.It is surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes
　　43. Why do people think that Venice is so great?
　　A. Because it is a famous tourist attraction.
　　B. Because you can reach anywhere by boat.
　　C. Because it is well-known for its merchants.
　　D. Because all the mistakes have been removed
　　44.What are Parisians famous for?
　　A.Their pursuit of independence.
　　B.Their enthusiasm for conversation.
　　C.Their ability to keep the city flourishing.
　　D.Their devotion to developing a multiple culture.
　　45.The writer cites the Cuomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that
　　A. there is a tight link between church and society.
　　B. all churches are magnificent.
　　C. old churches are very popular.
　　D. high-rise churches are impressive

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)
　　下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。
　　Rising Tuition in the US
　　Every Spring，US university administrators gather to discuss the next academic year’S budget.They consider faculty salaries，utility costs for dormitories，new building needs and repairs to old ones.They run the numbers and conclude-it seems，inevitably-that，yet again，the cost of tuition must go up.
　　According to the US'S College Board，the price of attending a four-year private university in the US rose 81 percent between 1993 and 2004._______(46)In 2005 and 2006,the numbers continued to rise.
　　According to university officials，college cost increases are simply the result of balancing university checkbooks."Tuition increases at Cedarville University are determined by our revenue needs for each year."said the university’s president，Dr Bill Brown."Student tuition pays for 78 percent of the university’s operating costs."Brown’s scholiast a private university that enrolls about 3.1 00 undergrads and is consistently recognized by annual college ranking guides like US News and World Report’s and The Princeton Review’s.________(47)
　　Tuition at private universities is set by administration Follicles and then sent for approval to the school’s board of trustees(董事).________(48)This board oversees (監(jiān)管)ail of a state’s public institutions.( )
　　John Durham，assistant secretary to the board of trustees at East Carolina University(ECU)，explains that state Law says that public institutions must make their services available whenever possible to the people of the state for free.Durham said that North Carolina residents only pay 22 percent of the cost of their education. ________(49)State residents attending ECU pay about US$10，000 for tuition room and board before financial aid.
　　Amid the news about continued increases in college costs，however，there is some good news.Tuition increases have been accompanied by roughly equal increases in financial aid at almost every university.To receive financial aid，US students complete a formal application with the federal government.The federal government then decides whether an applicant is eligible(有資格的)for grants or loans_________(50)
　　A The application is then sent to the student's university, where the school itself will decide whether free money will be given to the student and how much
　　B At public universities, however, tuition increases must also be approved by a state education committee, sometimes called the board of governors
　　C The school currently charges US$23,410 a year for tuition
　　D Many American people are simply unable to pay the growing cost of food
　　E That's more than double the rate of inflation
　　F The state government covers the rest

第6部分：完型填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共1 5分)
　　下面的短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
　　How Two Great Conflicts HelpeD.to Change Europe
　　Ninety years ago on A.sunny morning in Northern France，something happeneD.that changeD.B.retain anD.Europe for even At half past seven on the morning of July 1,1916，whistles(哨子)blew anD.thousands of British soldiers left their positions to attack their German enemies.By the enD.of the day,20，000 of them were dead，anD.another 30，000 woundeD.or missing.The Battle of the Somme，_________(51)it is called，lasteD.for six months.When, it ended，125，000 British soldiers were dead. They haD.gaineD.five kilometers of ground.( )
　　This was one of A.series of great battles during WWI.The attack on the Somme was stageD.to relieve_________(52)on the French，who were engageD.in A.great battle of their own at A.place calleD.Verdun.By the time the battle ended，over A.million French anD.German troops haD.been killed.
　　About 1 7 million people were killeD.in WWI.There have been wars with greater numbers of dead.But there has never been one in________(53)most of the deaD.were concentrateD.in such A.small area.on the Somme battlefield，two men dieD.for every meter of space.
　　Local farmers working in the lanD.sit________(54)the bodies of those who dieD.in that battle.The deaD.of all nations were burieD.in A.series of giant graveyards along the line of the border________(55)France anD.Belgium.Relatives anD.descendants (子孫)of those who dieD.still visit these graveyards today.What the French call the "tourism of death"________(56)an important contribution to the IowA.economy.
　　It took A.seconD.great conflict before Europe was to turn_________(57)war itself.Twenty—eight years after the Somme battle'，a、liberating amyl of British，American anD.Canadian troops took back than 500，000 people were killed，New_______(58)from another German invasion.More_______(59)were built.
　　Two great conflicts across two generations helpeD.to change the European minD.about war.Germany, once the most warlike country in Europe，is now probably more in (60)of peace than any other.One major cause of war in Europe was rivalry(競(jìng)爭(zhēng))between France anD.Germany.The European Union was specifically formeD.to enD.that ________(61).
　　According to US commentator William Pfaff。"Europeans are interesteD.in A.slow development of civilizeD.anD.tolerant international relations，——(62)on problems while avoiding catastrophes(災(zāi)難)along the way.They have themselves only recently________(63)from the catastrophes of VVWI anD.WWI I，when tens of millions of people were destroyed.They don’t want_______(64)."()
　　The last British veteran of the Somme battle dieD.in 2005，ageD.108.AnD.WWI is passing out of memory anD.into history.But for anyone who wants to understanD.how Europeans _________(65)，it is still important to know A.little about the terrible events of July 1,1916.
　　51 A.since B.because C.as D.for
　　52 A.aggression B.anxiety C.pressure D.resistance
　　53 A.where B.which C.why D.that
　　54 A.finD.B.look for C.seek D.look at
　　55 A.among B.on C.in D.between
　　56 A.makes B.brings C.gives D.adds
　　57 A.into B.to C.in D.against
　　58 A.AmericA.B.Britain CanadA.D.France
　　59 A.monuments B.graveyards C.tablets D.gravestones
　　60 A.hatreD.B.suspicion C.favor D.fear
　　61 A.war B.rivalry C.battle D.revenge
　　62 A.compromising B.confronting C.attacking D.fighting
　　63 A.repeateD.B.recovereD.C.repaireD.D.relaxed
　　64 A.much B.many C.more D.less
　　65 A.behave B.assume C.know D.think