Directions:
Read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
Emerging technologies are prompting fundamental changes in education. The static, sequential pres-entation of books has been the 1 for learning since Gutenberg. Now, 2 , we are beginning to see3 , linked and interactive technology-based resources in virtually every 4 When 5 with onlinedistance learning and personal interaction of the traditional classroom environment, such resources 6 a
richer learning environment. We need to 7 that computer-based education will not 8 the classroomor teacher anytime soon, but those who have tried it agree that CBT (computer-based training) will have adramatic 9 on the way we learn.
Educational software is experiencing an explosion of 10 in our homes and schools. Computer-basededucational resources take many 11 and are being embraced by young and old 12 . Students canlearn anatomy by taking 13 tours of the body. Students can travel through the Milky Way to Cassiopeiaand other constellations 14 an electronic teacher explains the 15 of the universe. Millions of ele-mentary age students are getting one-on-one instructions 16 keyboarding skills. Chemistry students aredoing lab exercises with bits and bytes 17 dangerous chemicals. Some innovative software packages ~ 18 the mind by inviting students to learn the power of logic and creativity. We all have learned at onetime or another that learning can, and should be, fun. It didn't take long for education software developersto 19 education and entertainment into a single learning resource. This edutainment software givesstudents an opportunity to play 20 learning.
1. [A] axis [B] impetus [C] medium [D] foundation來源：www.examda.com
2. [A] moreover [B] however [C] incidentally [D] consequently
3. [A] spontaneous [B] lively [C] dynamic [D] robust
4. [A] discipline [B] domain [C] scope [D] realm
5. [A] coupled [B] compared [C] aligned [D] identified
6. [n] suffice [B] grant [C] boost [D] offer
7. [A] denounce [B] disclaim [C] restate [D] retort
8. [A] discharge [B] replace [C] dislocate [D] retrieve
9．[A]autonomy [B]impact [c]incentive [D]affection
10．[A]admission [B]reception [C]acknowledgement [D]acceptance
11．[A]shapes [B]options [C]forms [D]alternativas
1 2．[A]alike [B]likely [c]invariably [D]individually
1 3．[A]ritual [B]rigorous [C]virtual [D]authentic
14．[A]while [B1 where [C]whereas [D]since
15．[A]fantasies [B]mysteries [C]momentum [D]myths
16．[A]on [B]with [C]for rD]at
1 7．[A]other than [B]according to [C]rather than [D]in contrast to
1 8．[A]tease [B]evoke [C]abound [D]disrupt
1 9．[A]merge [B]connect [C]immerse [D]combine
20．[A]as [B]by [C]with [D]while
Road tho following four texts．Answer the questions below each text by choosing A，B，C。r D．Mark youranswers on AN-
SWER SHEET 1(40 points)
Text 1
Judge K1einberg got it right whan he made it clear that there weren’t separate rules for bloggers andjournalists． That’s not to say bloggers are or aren't journalists--just that there shOUldn’t be a distinction．In otherwords，the same rules apply to everyone．But--and here’s the tricky part--although the rules apply to people equally，we can，do，and should apply tham differently to different acts． Asking whether bloggers are journalists is meaningless．What’s important isn’t the person but the product． If a snoopy 12一year-old girl find evidence that her town’s mayor is taking bribas，then collects it，verifies it，and publishas it on
her blog，that’s journalism． If Walter Cronkite writes in his diary that he planted daisias and washed thedishas that afternoon，that’s not． It’s what’s done，not who’s doing it．
This isn’t something that always needed to be pointed out．In the old days，you COUld draw a line be—tween journalists and everyone else，just as you COUld draw a line between any other profession．What you did is what you were：reporter，barber，grocer，ta．10r，whatever．Journalists were usually hired by news—papers，magazinas and radio statioms． And they followed certain rules， respecting off_the-reeord com—ments，being accurate and not misquoting．
Today，the Web is an essentially way to get news，and，while journalism is pretty much the same，theterm“journalist"is getting a bit c10Udy．That’s why the question of whether bloggers are journalists keeps coming up． Whan anyone can publish，anyone can be a j ournalist． So the questions the courts need to an—swer is not，“Who is a journalist?”but rather，“Who is doing journalism9．"That 12一year—old girl was doingit，even if she isn’t in high school yet--even．f she wasn’t a journalist．來源：www.examda.com
Not being a journaIist doesn’t necessarily reduce the quality of the work，nor should it reduce the pro—tections it receives．So when a question of journalists’rights comes up，we need to ask two questions．
First，“What protections should journalism receive under the First Amendment?”And second，“Was theperson in question performing an act of journalism?”If she is—if the work she was doing involves gather—ing and publishing information of legitimate public interest--then her profession doesn’t matter．
The idea that the Iine between amateurs and professionals is blurring is something we need to get usedto．The Web gives the little guy the same publishing tools as the big guy．Video-editing software is inex—pensive enough that the quality of amateurs equals that of many pros．But while our technology is remo—ving age-old distinctions，our perceptions and our laws haven’t quite embraced the new reality．It’s time to shift our thinking．
21．When the author says“What’s important isn’t the person but the product"(in the second para— graph)。he means
[A]rules should not be set to regulate people’s behaviour．
[B]what is published determines whether the writer is a j ournalist．
[C]the quality of news stories determines the quality of a journaliSt．
[D]a blogger is a better journalist ifhe can produce newsworthy stories．
22．It can be inferred that traditional journalists differ from onliDe"journalists"in that，in the former case，
[A]what they did determines their occupations．
[B]they had to COUect and publish secret stories．
[c]they COUld not publish anywhere other than in the media．
[D]they had to respect other comments than their own．
23．People continue debating the status of the bloggers because
[A]the bloggers get no pay for publishing anything onIine．
[B]the bloggers throw up too many sensational news stories．
[c]no proper laWS have been made to protect the bloggers．
[D]people’s idea about what a journalist is is changing．
24．The"new reality"(in the 1ast paragraph)refers to the fact that
[A]bloggers as amateurs are as good as professionals．
[B]professionals haven't done anything worth their salt．
[C]the distinction between journalists and non-journalists is disappearing．
[D]no rules have been made about the kind of materials published online．
25．The author advises that we should fOCUS on
[A]what journalism is． [B]who a journalist is．
[C]hOW a journalist does his work． [D]what news can be published online．
Text 2
"Heaven is where the police are English, the cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the loversare Italian and everything is organized by the Swiss. Hell is where the police are German, the cooks areEnglish, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and everything is organized by the Italians. " Ob-viously the national stereotypes in this old joke are generalizations, but such stereotypes are often said to"exist for a reason. " Is there actually a sliver of truth in them? Not likely, an international research teanow says. The study, which compares "typical" personalities in many cultures with the personalities ofreal individuals from those cultures, appears in Friday's issue of the journal Science.
Generalizations about cultures or nationalities can be a source of identity, pride.., and bad jokes. Butthey can also cause a great deal of harm. Both history and current events are full of examples in which un-favorable stereotypes contribute to prejudice, discrimination, persecution or even genocide. "National andcultural stereotypes do play an important role in how people perceive themselves and others, and beingaware that these are not trustworthy is a useful thing," said study author Robert McCrae of the National
Institute on Aging.
In the study, McCrae's team began with two groups of surveys they had previously collected in a widevariety of countries. They averaged the profiles in each of the two sets, producing one profile that reflectedhow volunteers rated their own personalities and another profile that reflected how they rated the personal-ities of other individuals they knew. The researchers also conducted a third survey in about 50 countries,using questions about the same 30 characteristics--but in this survey, they asked the volunteers to describe
a typical person from their culture. They averaged these results, so that they had a third personality pro-file for each country, reflecting the national stereotype.
The authors found that in most of the countries, the two personality profiles that were based on infor-mation from real people matched each other reasonably well. But they were significantly different from thestereotype profile. "There was essentially no agreement between people's perceptions of the typical per-sonality (in their culture) and what we actually measured," McCrae said.
The one exception was Poland, where the ratings from volunteers provided a better-than-usual matchbetween typical and real personalities, suggesting the volunteers were better at seeing past stereotypes toperceive people as they really are. Perhaps in heaven, the therapists are Polish.
26. The word "stereotype" in this passage probably refers to
[A] formulaic image of a people.
[B] traditional habit of a nationality.
[C] national characteristic.
[D] discrimination held against a people.
27. The recently published study shows that
[A] stereotypes can be a source of identity and national pride.
[B] discrimination based on national stereotypes is still rampant.
[C] there is a scientific basis for national stereotypes.
[D] real personalities don't match national stereotypes.
28. It can be inferred from the text that one of the purposes of the study is to
[A]show generalizations about nationalities are not jokes.
[B] find out the area in which the nationality is the best.
[B] identify the reasons behind national stereotypes.
[D] make people aware of harms of stereotypes.
29. The main comparison made in the study is between the results of
[A] the first survey and the second one.
[B] the first survey and the third one.
[C] the second survey and the third one.
[D] the first two surveys and the third one.
30. The Polish people are found to
[A] be better at identifying people.
[B] impose stereotypes on people.
[C] have an unpleasant national character.
[D] be the best as therapists.
Text 3
If I could guarantee one thing in life it would be change--the fact that it will happen even when we re-sist it. It is the constant motion in our lives and its power should not be taken lightly or underestimated. Change is personal, change is powerful. Think about the magnitude of the word when we talk aboutchanging ourselves. Your desire to change may come from wanting to improve yourself in some way fromthe inside out. I am certainly glad when I hear this from people, because at our very core there is alwayswork to be done. Maybe it's about healing ourselves from a broken heart or replenishing our soul when apainful situation has left us feeling mentally, physically or spiritually depleted. Maybe it's just that deep-down desire to be kinder to ourselves, for ourselves--to treat ourselves better.
Things that sound easy to change can actually be the hardest things we've ever done, and because ofthis it's important to internalize the changes we want to make by journaling and writing down our goals.We say we're going to be more in touch with family or be more positive, but how many times have theseregular conversations remained just that--conversations, insignificant words that could have been powerfulif we had backed up our talk with a timeline for change? I'm talking about living a life where our words be-come the framework for positive actions a life in which we stop wishing for a better job or more time withour children or better bodies, and instead think about what we must do to spur the change for ourselves.
The impact that change has on each of us is incredible. The mere one-syllable word causes many of usto become fearful--at just the thought of doing something differently, trying something new or challengingourselves in ways we never have before. The prospect of changing behaviors and thoughts that have stifledour progress should be something that we welcome. In casual conversations many people tell me they wel-come change~but behind closed doors they admit they're terrified. They are afraid of the realization thatwhat they are doing today could be altered dramatically in a mere twenty-four hours.
I can say with confidence that change has such an impact on our lives simply because it is a universalelement that we must all confront. Each moment of the day we are consciously and subconsciously takingin new information and reprocessing old information in our brains. This constant influx and exchange hasthe ability to alter the way we view situations in our lives. Perhaps we have changed a belief or come toterms with something, or maybe we now disagree with someone because, as they tell us, we've"changed. " The transformation is brought on by something that resonates with us or encourages us to con-sider a new perspective. When this happens it's a real breakthrough, isn't it!
31. The text is mainly about
[A] what impact changes can have on us.
[B] why it is difficult to change ourselves in life.
[C] how to create successful changes in life.
[D] where we can find confidence in life.
32. The author suggests that it is time to seek a change when
[A] we find ourselves stuck in a situation.
[B] we realize the magnitude of the word.
[C] there is a constant motion in our life.
[D] there are too many difficulties ahead of us.
33. In advocating changes, the author attaches more importance to
[A] words. [B]action.
[C] goals. [D] feelings.
34. It is implied that one of the inherent characteristics of change is the
[A] inconsistency in attitude towards life.
[B] progress towards a better life.
[C] fear for the unknown.
[D] transformation of an undesirable habit.
35. We change ourselves primarily because we are able to
[A] think clearly about past things.
[B] answer an innate call to go ahead.
[C] receive and reprocess information.
[D] endure and then get rid of pains.
Text 4
If the Federal Reserve raises interest rates at the end of June, as seems probable, it will likely be criti-cized for making a fetish of inflation and, in the process, risking an American or global recession. Thereare already signs that the U.S. economy is slowing. Stock markets around the world have recently de-clined sharply. Why should the Fed make matters worse by nudging up rates? This is a sensible-soundingcomplaint. Based on what we now know, it's also wrong.
We have an inflation problem that we need to cure before it gets worse. A central lesson of the pasthalf century is that inflationary psychology is stubborn and destructive. It leads to frequent recessions. Itstunts the rise in liVing standards． Pcople detest it．They’re frightened by rapid and unpredietable pricechanges．We 1earned these lessons the hard way．Ftom 1960 to 1979，inflation rose from 1．4 percent to13．3 percent．Only the horrific 1980～1982 slump repressed it．
The job of the Federal Reserve is"to take away the punch bOWl just when the party gets going，’’Wil—liam McChesney Martin Jr．，the Fed chairman from 1 9 5 1 to 1 9 70，once famouslv said．As business cyclesmature,inflationary and speculative pressures build．Demand begins to overtake supply．Companies find iteasier to raise prices． Workers find it easier to win bigger wage increases． Greater optimism encouragesriskier，often foolhardy，investments．The present economic expansion began in December 2001．It’s nowshowing many telltale danger signs．
Inflation，thpugh nowhere near dOUble digits，is clearly rising．The government last week released theconsumer price index for May． It was up 4．2 percent from a year earlier． The obviOUS remedy is to slOWthe economy’s growth——make it harder for companies，workers and landlords to raise prices，wages andrents．
But some economists contend that the Fed shOUld discount the latest inflation reports and suspend anyfurther interest—rate increases． A11 their arguments aim to minimize the inflation threat． To anyone wh0knows the history，this is eerily reminiscent of the 1960s and 1970s．Then，economists undcrestimated in—flation． They argued that a bit more WOUldn’t hurt or that increases reflected“temporary"pressures． Inthe resulting political and intellectual climate，the Fed pursued easy money and eredit policies for too 10ng．It tried to drive economic growth up and unemployment down．The results were perverse：dOUble—digit in—flation，four recessions from 1969 to 1982 and higher unemployment．
Sinee 1 982 there have been only two mild recessions． The lesson is that low inflation promotes more stable economic growth．The Fed shOUld heed that．True，it COUld triD into a recession．But without dra—matl‘c evidenee of a weakening economy，the greater danger is a renewal of inflationary psychology． It’stime for the punch bOWl to go．
36． The word“it”in the last sentence of the first paragraph probably refers to
[A]the Federal Reserve’s attempt to raise interest rates．
[B]the complaint about the raising of interest rates．
[C]the anxiety over the decline in the stock markets．
[D]the speculation about a likely global economic recession．
37． The author is——that there is a forthcoming inflation．
[A]ignorant [B]suspicioUS
[C]positive [D]uncertain
38． All of the following may lead to an inflation except
[A]rapid economic expansion．
[B]lowered living standards．
[C]overzealoUS investments．
[D]unrestrained consumer spending．
39．We learn from the fifth paragraph that some economists
[A]ignore the seriousness of the present situation．
[B]refUSe to acknOWledge that inflation is rising．
[C]try to minimize the destrLlCtive force of inflation．
[D]warn the Fed not to underestimate inflation．
40． When the author says“it’s time for the punch bOWl to go’’(1ast sentence of the text)，he means that
[A]it is time to heed the dangeroLis signs of a disastrOLlS economic recession．
rB]the Federal Reserve shOHld riOt interfere with natural COLlrSe of eCOFlOmic growth．
[C]something shOLIld be doile FlOW to bring rising inflation under contr01．
[D]one should not be overoptimistic althOLIgh there is no inflation in sight．
DirectlonS：
In the following article,entences have been removed For questions 41～45，choose the mosf suitab『e one from thelist A～G to fit o each Of the numberedblanks．There ore two extra choices which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your an -swerS On ANSWER SHEEt1．(10 points)
From its headwaters(源頭，上游)at San Ygnacio，Texas，to its giant hydroelectric dam 50 miles downstream， Falcoil Lake covers some 87 000 acres across the U．S．一Mexican border． (41)——· On the Texas side of the lake，drowned border towns like Zapata and Lopeno，relocated when the dam was built，are reemerging from the flood．(42)——． The two—year drawdown(水位降低)of Falcon Lake is only one symptom of the Drought of 1996ra slowly gathering crisis that is putting a huge strain on the Water supplies of the fast_growing cities of the SOUthWeSt and on the farm-and_cattle regions of the SOLIthern Plairls as well． From Los Angeles to Corpus Christi，ftom Brownsvle to Nebraska，the drought pits(使對抗) state against state， city dweUers against farmers and farmers against a global weather system that has tLlrned SLIddenly hostile toward man·
Severe drought conditions now prevail across the whole southwesterR part of the United States． (43) ．“The expectation is that this thing is going to contiIqLle throHgh the summer and into the fall，says Dr．Don Wilhite of the National DrOught Mitigation Center in Linc01n，Neb． “Beyond that，it’s anybody’s guess．”
(44) ．When El Nino does not appear--and last year he didn’t——the resHlt is eveFl less rainfall in a region that is natlirally among the fries in the world． Ftom August 1 9 9 5 to May of this year，much of the Southwest and the southern Plains regioil recorded virtHally no rainfall or snow． That dried OHt the soil and set the stage for a deepening drought．
(45) ．“Cattle is a U．S_ $5 billion-a-year industry in Texas，”says TeXaS agriculture com—missionet，the damage to TeXaS agribusirless has already reached U S $2．4 billion and COUld se tO U S_$6．5 billion--which would make the’96 drought the most costly natural disaster in the state’s history．
[A]The drought has afflicted some parts of the region for up to fiVe years and other areas for as little as 1 O months． But whatever its dHration，climatologists agree there is rio end ln slght·
[B]Created in the 1950’s to ireprove flOOd control and irrigation，the lake is a water monument to the era of gigantic public works．But the worst drought since the Eisenhower years has lowered the water level by nearly 50 feet and bit by bit，F(xiàn)alcon Lake is revealing the secrets of its long—Submerged past·
[C] What’s going on here, experts like Whilhite say, is a reverse El Nino effect. E1 Nino ("the ChristChild") is a huge weather system in the western Pacific that, in a good year spawns welcome winter rainsin the southwestern states and the Plains.
[D] Food prices responded to the lower production levels for milk, meat, produce, and other food-stuffs. For example, the price of fruit increased more than 22% in June. Fires continued to occur through-out the region and expanded into the Pacific Northwest and the northern Rocky Mountain states.
[E] In Texas, Oklahoma, Eastern Colorado and Western Kansas, the lack of rainfall fairly crushedthe 1996 winter-wheat crop. It also led to a significant shortfall in the supply of cattle feed, which forcedmany ranchers to cut back their herds.
[F] The impacts of drought began to be apparent in February, when the incidence of range fires in-creased dramatically in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas, causing injuries and significant damage.
[G] On the Mexican side, near the town of Benevides, stone crosses in a once submerged old cemeteryrise like eerie sentinels to the drought. The last time anybody saw these graves, segregation was the law ofthe land, and Bill Clinton was in second grade.
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be writtenneatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 10 points)
(46) Scientists at Johns Hopkins have discovered "striking" differences between men and women in apart of the brain linked with ability to estimate time, judge speed, visualize things three-dimensionally andsolve mathematical problems.
The differences, the researchers say, may underlie well-known trends that vary by sex, such as thefact that more men than women are architects, mathematicians and race-car drivers.
(47) In a study reported this week in the journal Cerebral Cortex, the researchersshow that a brain region called the inferior parietal lobule is significantly larger overall inmen than in women. The area is part of the cerebral cortex and appears on both sides of the brain justabove ear-level.
Also, there’s a symmetry difference, with men having a larger left IPL than right. (48) In women in the study, it’s the right IPL that’s somewhat larger, though the difference between the two sides of the brain is less obvious than in men, says psychiatrist Godfrey Pearlson, M. D. , who headed the project. "This is the same part of Albert Einstein’s brain that was particularly large," says Pearlson, "Scientists have noticed this region is also larger in the postmortem brains of other physicists and mathematicians. "
In the study, researchers reviewed MRI-scans of the brains of 15 closely matched men and women. They used new computer software created by Hopkins psychiatrist Patrick Barta, M. D. , Ph.D. to compare overall IPL volume by gender. (49) The software lets scientists highlight the IPL by "painting" it in on computer images of each subject’s brain; it then calculates a highly accurate volume.
Researchers also compared IPL volumes on the left and the right sides of the brain. After allowances for men’s larger overall head and brain size, men had roughly 6 percent more IPL tissue than women.
"The inferior parietal lobule is far more developed in people than in animals and has evolved relatively recently," says Pearlson. (50) It allows the brain to process information from senses such as vision andtouch,and enables,the sort of thinking involved in selective attention and perception.
Studl‘es link the right IPI。with a working memory of spatial relationships，the ab訂ity t0 sense rela—tionships between body parts and awareness of a person’s own affect or feellings． The left IPL，Pearlsonsays。is mote involved in percepti‘on，SUCh as judging how fast something is moving，estimating time andhaving the ability to mentally rotate3一Dfigures(三維圖形)．
