Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension Part A(每題1分，共20分)Directions:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C. Remember, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET I.
Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A
Directions: For Quesstions1—5,you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)
1、Geography of BelgiumThree main regions coastal plaincentral plateau Highest 1
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【正確答案】
highlands
2、altitude of the coastal plain 2 m
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【正確答案】
20
3、Climate near the sea 3 humid
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【正確答案】
mild
4、Particularly rainy months of the years 4 April
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【正確答案】
November
5、Average temperatures in July in Brussels low 13℃ high 5 ℃
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【正確答案】
22
Section Ⅰ Part B(每題1分，共5分)Directions: For Questions 6-10,you will hear an interview with Mr. Saffo from the Institute for the Future. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. ( 5 points )
6、What is Saffo according to himself?
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【正確答案】
A (technology)forecaster
7、The Institute for the Future provides services to private companies and
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【正確答案】
government agencies
8、The Institute believes that to think systematically about the long-range future is
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【正確答案】
(a)meaningful(exercise)
9、To succeed in anything, one should be flexible, curious and
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【正確答案】
open to change
10、What does Saffo consider to be essential to the work of a team?
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【正確答案】
Trust and cooperation
Section Ⅰ Part C（共三節(jié)，滿分10分） Directions: You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A,B,C or D . After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. ( 10 points )
Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about naming newborns. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.
11、What do we often do with the things we love?
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【正確答案】
D
A.Ask for their names.
B.Name babies after them.
C.Put down their names.
D.Choose names for them.
12、 The unpleasant meaning of an old family name is often overlooked if
（本題分值：1分）
【正確答案】
B
A. the family tree is fairly limited.
B. the family tie is strong enough.
C.the name is commonly used.
D.nobody in the family complains.
13、 Several months after a baby’s birth, its name will
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【正確答案】
C
A.show the beauty of its own.
B.develop more associations.
C.lose the original meaning.
D.help form the baby’s personality.
Questions 14-16 are based on the biography of Bobby Moore, an English soccer player. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.
14. How many matches did Moore play during his professional career?
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【正確答案】
D
A. 90.
B .108.
C.180.
D. 668.
15、In 1964, Bobby Moore was made
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【正確答案】
A
A.England’s footballer of the year.
B.a soccer coach in West Germany.
C.a medalist for his sportsmanship.
D.a number of the Order of the British Empire.
16、After Moore retired from playing, the first thing he did was
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【正確答案】
C
A.editing Sunday Sport.
B.working for Capital Radio.
C.managing professional soccer teams.
D.developing a sports marketing company.
Questions 17-20 are based on the on the city of Belfast. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.
17. Belfast has long been famous for its
（本題分值：1分）
【正確答案】
B
A. oil refinery.
B. linen textiles.
C.food products.
D. deepwater port.
18、Which of the following does Belfast chiefly export?
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【正確答案】
A
A. Soap.
B. Grain.
C.Steel.
D.Tobacco.
19、When was Belfast founded?
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【正確答案】
A
A. In 1177.
B. In 1315.
C.In the 16th century.
D. In the 17th century.
20、 What happened in Belfast in the late 18th century?
（本題分值：1分）
【正確答案】
C
A. French refugees arrived.
B. The harbor was destroyed.
C.Shipbuilding began to flourish.
D.The city was taken by the English.
Section II Use of English（滿分10分） Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21)[] on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22)[] they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23)[] with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in (24)[] to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status (25)[] as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26)[] the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27)[] lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28)[] to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29)[] juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30)[] to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31)[] make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32)[] lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also(33)[] changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; (34)[], children are likely to have less supervision at home (35)[] was common in the traditional family (36)[]. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other (37)[] causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased (38)[] of drugs and alcohol, and the growing (39)[] of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, (40)[] a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
21、
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【正確答案】
C
［注釋］“很多有關(guān)少年犯罪原因的理論，要么把個人當(dāng)成主要的影響因素，要么把社會當(dāng)成主要的影響因素。關(guān)注個人的理論認(rèn)為，孩子們的犯罪行為是因?yàn)樗麄兿惹暗腻e誤行為未受到應(yīng)有的處罰或是因?yàn)閯e人的影響”。此題考查的是動詞詞組的用法。A ACT ON是指“對…有影響、有作用”；B RELY ON 是指“依靠”；D CEMENT意思是“加強(qiáng)、鞏固”。只有C項(xiàng)CENTER ON可以表示圍繞，觀注，把…當(dāng)成重點(diǎn)、中心、主題的意思，與上下文相契合。
A. acting
B. relying
C.centering
D. commenting
22、
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【正確答案】
D
［注釋］參見21題解析中的譯文，22題的考察點(diǎn)是連詞。A BEFORE;B UNLESS“除非”;C UNTIL“直到”。這幾項(xiàng)都與上下文句意格格不入。
A. before
B. unless
C.until
D. because
23、
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【正確答案】
A
［注釋］參見21題解析中的譯文�！芭c別人的導(dǎo)致他們的犯罪行為”。B ASSIMILATION“消化，吸收”，與D CONSULTATION“詢問”，均不與介詞WITH連用，故只有A INTERACTIONS“相互作用，相互影響”，與C COOPERATION“合用”，可與WITH連用。INTERACTION不但有“相互協(xié)作、合用”的意思，還有“影響、作用”的意思，孩子們犯罪是因?yàn)橐黄鹕顣r的影響，而不會僅僅是相處時的友好合作。
A. interactions
B. assimilation
C.cooperation
D. consultation
24、
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【正確答案】
D
［注釋］“觀注社會作用的理論認(rèn)為孩子們犯罪是他們對在爭取社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位中的失敗的反應(yīng)，或是他們對中層階級價值觀的拒斥”。少有IN RETURN TO 或IN REFERENCE TO這樣的用法，故A RETURN與C REFERENCE當(dāng)排除在外。IN REPLY TO 與IN RESPONSE TO 都是對…反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)的意思，只是IN REPLY TO 這一詞組中，進(jìn)行回應(yīng)者的主觀性、主動性更強(qiáng)些，而IN RESPONSE TO 則稍顯客觀些。
A. return
B. reply
C.reference
D. response
25、
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【正確答案】
A
［注釋］參見24題解析中的譯文，可知所考查的連接詞前后是并列成分，并沒有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義，故當(dāng)選A。
A. or
B. but rather
C.but
D. or else
26、
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］“MOST THEORIES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY HAVE FOCUSED ON CHILDREN FROM DISADVANTAGED FAMILIES,THE FACT THAT CHILDREN FROM WEALTHY HOMES ALSO COMMIT CRIMES.”(大多數(shù)關(guān)于少年犯罪的理論都聚焦在貧困弱勢家庭，而忽略了富家子弟也會犯罪這一事實(shí)。)后半句是伴隨狀語從句。A CONSIDERING“考慮”；C HIGHLIGHTING“強(qiáng)調(diào)”，這兩項(xiàng)都與句意不符合。D DISCARDING“拋棄”，這些理論是沒有注意到狀語從句中所表述的事實(shí)，而不是有意舍棄這些事實(shí)，故此題選B IGNORING.
A. considering
B. ignoring
C.highlighting
D. discarding
27、
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【正確答案】
C
［注釋］“THE LATTER MAY COMMIT CRIMESLACK OF ADEQUATE PARENTAL CONTROL.”(富家子弟犯罪是因?yàn)槿狈ψ銐虻母改腹芙獭?連接詞后邊的部分明顯是所犯罪的原因，而只有FOR于此可以表示原因，故當(dāng)選C。
A. on
B. in
C.for
D. with
28、
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］“ALL THEORIES, HOWEVER, ARE TENTATIVE AND ARE TO CRITICISM.”(所有的理論都是嘗試性的并都會受批評。)C BE SENTITIVE TO CRITICISM“對批評很敏感”，與上下文注意有偏離；而B BE RESISTANT TO “對批評有抵抗力”；A BE IMMUNE TO .“對批評有免疫力”都與上下文意相悖。故只有D BE SUBJECT TO CRITICISM符合文意。詞組BE SUBJECT TO STH.:OFTEN HAVING, SUFFERING OR UNDERGOING STH.;LIABLE TO STH."“常有、�；蓟虺Ｔ庥瞿呈挛�；傾向某物”。
A. immune
B. resistant
C.sensitive
D. subject
29、
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【正確答案】
A
［注釋］“CHANGES IN SOCIAL STRUCTURE MAY INDIRECTLYJUVENILE CRIME RATES.”(社會結(jié)構(gòu)中的變化會間接影響少年犯罪率。)
A. affect
B. reduce
C.chock
D. reflect
30、
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【正確答案】
B
［注釋］FOR EXAMPLE, CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY THATTO FEWER JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUTH AND RISING UNEMPLOYMENT MAKE GAINFUL EMPLOYMENT INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT TO OBTAIN.(例如，經(jīng)濟(jì)中的變化導(dǎo)致青年就業(yè)機(jī)會的減少和失業(yè)的上升，通常情況下，這又使獲得有利可圖的工作變得越來越困難。)A POINT TO “指向”；B LEAD TO“引向；導(dǎo)致”；C COME TO“到達(dá)”；D AMOUNT TO“ (累計)達(dá)到”。
A. point
B. lead
C.come
D. amount
31、
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【正確答案】
A
［注釋］參見30題解析譯文。這一題考察的是固定短語，A IN GENERAL“通�！�；B ON AVERAGE“平均”；C BY CONTRAST“相比，相對，相反”；D AT LENGTH “最后”。
A. in general
B. on average
C.by contrast
D. at length
32、
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］THE RESULTING DISCONTENT MAY IN LEAD MORE YOUTHS INTO CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR.(最終的不滿情緒進(jìn)而會引導(dǎo)更多的青年走向犯罪。)這一句承接前面兩句，是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。A IN CASE 不是一個完整的詞組；B IN SHORT“總之”；D IN ESSENCE“本質(zhì)上”，都不合題意。只有C IN TURN“依次；逐個”，最適合上下文。
A. case
B. short
C.turn
D. essence
33、
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］FAMILIES HAVE ALSOCHANGES THESE YEARS.(這些年來，家庭也經(jīng)歷了一些變化。)C UNDERTAKEN 表示從事，與句意相去甚遠(yuǎn)。B NOTICED“留心，看到”，此處若改NOTICED為 SAW,還說得過去，因?yàn)镾EE可以表示經(jīng)歷或進(jìn)行某事。THIS COAT OF MINE HAS SEEN HARD WEAR.我這件大衣穿了很久了。SEE作EXPERIENCE/UNDERGO解釋。A SURVIVE意為幸存：CONTINUE TO LIVE OR EXIST IN SPITE OF NEARLY BEING KILLED OR DESTROYED BY STH.這里若用SURVIVE CHANGES，則意思是家庭雖經(jīng)歷了社會的變化而自身依然如故，正好與文意相反。
A. survived
B. noticed
C.undertaken
D. experienced
34、
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］MORE FAMILIES CONSIST OF ONE PARENT HOUSEHOLDS OR TWO WORKING PARENTS;,CHILDREN ARE LIKELY TO HAVE LESS SUPERVISION AT HOME WAS COMMON IN THE TRADITIONAL FAMILY.(更多的單親家庭和雙職工家庭出現(xiàn)了。結(jié)果是，比起在傳統(tǒng)的家庭結(jié)構(gòu)中，孩子們受到的監(jiān)督變少了。)根據(jù)文意，可知空移前后是因果關(guān)系。A CONTRARILY,“相反地”；B CONSEQUENTLY“結(jié)果”；C SIMILARLY“相似地”；D SIMULTANEOUSLY“ 同時地”，只有B可以表示因果。
A. contrarily
B. consequently
C.similarly
D. simultaneously
35
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］參見34題，LESS…THAN是固定的搭配。
A.than
B. that
C.which
D. as
36、
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］參見34題。D FAMILY HERITAGE“家庭遺傳”；C FAMILY CONCEPT“家庭觀念”很容易排除這兩項(xiàng)。只有A SYSTEM“家庭系統(tǒng)”，干撓性最強(qiáng)，但也少有這種表述，而用FAMILY STRUCTRURE則更為合適。
A. system
B. structure
C.concept
D. heritage
37、
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］OTHERCAUSE OF OFFENSIVE ACTS INCLUDE FRUSTRATION OR FAILURE IN SCHOOL, THE INCREASED OF DRUGS AND ALCONOL, AND THE GROWINGOF CHILD ABUSE AND CHILD NEGLECT.(其它可以察明的犯罪行為的原因有：在學(xué)校的挫折和失敗，毒品和酒更為容易獲得，虐待和忽視孩子的情形也有增長。)A ASSESSABLE“可估測的”，C NEGLIGIBLE“不值得考慮的”，D INCREDIBLE“不可信的”，皆與文意相差太遠(yuǎn)。
A. assessable
B. identifiable
C.negligible
D. incredible
38、
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］參見37題。A EXPENSE“ 花銷”，B RESTRICTION “限制”，C ALLOCATION “分配”，D AVAILABILITY“可用，可得”。A項(xiàng)差強(qiáng)人意，但有了D項(xiàng)，不僅語法暢順，而且在文意上更合情理。
A. expense
B. restriction
C.allocation
D. availability
39、
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］B AWARENESS與C EXPOSURE 都很容易排除。D POPULARITY,也可以表示“普遍性”，但又含有“受人歡迎”的意思。較POPULARITY 而言，PREVALENCE則中性了一些，但選項(xiàng)中沒有PREVALENCE.A INCIDENCE指“發(fā)生率；影響范圍”，與PREVALENCE接近，故選A。
A. incidence
B. awareness
C.exposure
D. popularity
40、
（本題分值：0.5分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］文中最后一句空格后有“…HAS NOT YET…”中就可以知道空格處的的連接詞應(yīng)當(dāng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折，而只有C ALTHOUGH“盡管”有轉(zhuǎn)折意義，A、B、D三項(xiàng)都不合適。
A. provided
B. since
C.although
D. supposing
Section III Reading Comprehension Part A（滿分40分） Directions: Read the following four Passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Passage 1
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company. With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you:“Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert. For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept —— what you think you want to do —— then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.“I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide. Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs —— those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them —— and they do.“"On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite. Even those who aren't hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.
41. How did Redmon find his job?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］細(xì)節(jié)題。此題答案可以從第一段中找出，并且這一篇文章通篇都在講PERSONAL SEARCH AGENT這項(xiàng)服務(wù)。A BY SEARCHING OPENINGS IN A JOB DATABASE太籠統(tǒng)。D BY E-MAILING HIS RESUME TO A DATABASE太具體。B BY POSTING A MATCHING POSITION IN A DATABASE,這不是REDMON 而是DATABASE 或者EMPLOYER所做的。
A.By searching openings in a job database.
B. By posting a matching position in a database.
C.By using a special service of a database.
D.By E-mailing his resume to a database.
42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段最后一句話，NARROWING YOUR CRITERIA…放窄標(biāo)準(zhǔn)會對找工作不利。第三段第一句，F(xiàn)OR ANY JOB SEARCH…在找工作時，一般是從較狹窄的意向開始，即你要干什么，然后再放寬一些，但有位專業(yè)人士說，“NONE OF THESE PROGRAMES DO THAT”,"THERE'S NO CAREER COUNSELING IMPLICIT IN ALL OF THIS."
A.Lack of counseling.
B.Limited number of visits.
C.Lower efficiency.
D.Fewer successful matches.
43、The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］詞義題。此題只有A最具干撓性，因?yàn)門IP有ADVICE 的意思，但這里的TIP SERVICE不可以作ADVISOTY SERVICE，因?yàn)锳DVISORY SERVICE與COUNSELING是沒有本質(zhì)區(qū)別的，選A便與42題矛盾。另外，下文及第四段便是對此的說明。
A.advisory.
B.compensation.
C.interaction.
D.reminder.
44、Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)43題，既然TIP SERVICE 起REMINDER的作用，“REMINDER TO CHECK THE DATABASE AGAIN.”(第三段第五行)，那么B TO ATTRACT MORE RETURNING VISITS便是唯一符合題目的答案，第四段“THERE MAY BE MORE MATCHES IN THE DATABASE; JOB HUNTERS WILL HAVE TO VISIT THE SITE AGAIN TO FIND THEMAND THEY DO”,是進(jìn)一步的具體說明。
A.To focus on better job matches.
B.To attract more returning visits.
C.To reserve space for more messages.
D.To increase the rate of success.
45、Which of the following is true according to the text?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］細(xì)節(jié)題。并非所有人都通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)求職，所以A PERSONAL SEARCH AGENTS ARE INDISPENSABLE TO JOB-HUNTERS 是不正確的表述，最后一段第二句，SOME USE THEM TO KEEP A CLOSE WATCH ON THE DEMAND FOR THEIR LINE OF WORK…錯選B項(xiàng)的同學(xué)一定是沒有讀清楚這一句話：ALTHOUGH HAPPILY EMPLOYED, REDMON MAITNAIN HIS AGENT AT CAREERBUILDER.由此可知選C。
譯文 解讀 去年年底，甘特萊得門律師到處求職時，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的工作職位庫“打造事業(yè)”中搜索一氣，他沒有成功地找到工作，但卻被這個網(wǎng)站的“個人搜索代理”吸引住了。這種服務(wù)是互動的，人們可以鍵入諸如地點(diǎn)、職位和薪金的求職標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，等到資料庫里有了合適的工作職位時，系統(tǒng)就會發(fā)電子郵件給他們。萊得門選擇了法律、知識產(chǎn)權(quán)和哥倫比亞特區(qū)華盛頓這些關(guān)鍵詞。三周后，他收到了第一份通知，“我可找到金礦了，”萊得門說，他用電子郵件把自己的簡歷發(fā)給了那位老板，由此得到了該公司的內(nèi)部的辯護(hù)律師職務(wù)。 本文是一篇有關(guān)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上求職的小品文。 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上有成千上萬個與找工作的有關(guān)的網(wǎng)站，碰到一個有前途的機(jī)會需要花很多時間，而且往往效率不高，搜索代理使人不必反復(fù)訪問資料庫。但是雖然有一個搜索代理幫了萊得門的忙，求職專家們還是注意到了一些缺點(diǎn)。例如，將自己的工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍定得很窄，反而對你產(chǎn)生不利影響，每回答一個問題，你就失去了一個做另外一種工作的機(jī)會”一個專家說。 第一段主要說明了萊得門在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上成功求職的經(jīng)歷。 對于任何求職者來說你應(yīng)該從一個狹窄的范圍開始——你認(rèn)為你想干的工作——作為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，然后拓寬它。“這些電腦程序中沒有一個是這么設(shè)計的，”另一個專家說�！罢麄�體系中沒有任何就業(yè)咨詢的成分在里面”。因此，最有效的辦法就是將這個代理看作是一種提示器，使你手頭總是有幾個工作機(jī)會；收到電子郵件的時候，就當(dāng)它是提醒你再去資料庫里看一看�！蔽也粫竿砉δ軒臀艺业劫Y料庫中所有吸引我的東西�！币粋�求職指南的作者說。 第二段指出“個人搜索代理”的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。 有的網(wǎng)站盡力設(shè)計自己的代理系統(tǒng)，以吸引求職者回來。例如，事業(yè)網(wǎng)站的代理系統(tǒng)給登記過的人發(fā)的郵件中只包含三種可能的工作職位——它所認(rèn)為最好的三個。資料庫中或許還有更多；求職者只得回到網(wǎng)站中才能看到它們——而他們也確實(shí)是這么做了�！拔覀儼l(fā)出郵件的第二天，網(wǎng)站上的流量就會急劇增加”，事業(yè)網(wǎng)站的市場部副經(jīng)理塞斯皮資說。 第三段的內(nèi)容主要是寫有關(guān)專家對求職代理這一服務(wù)的建議。 即使是那些并不需要找工作的人也覺得搜索代理很有價值。有些人通過它們密切關(guān)注著市場對自己這個職業(yè)的需求，或者搜集有關(guān)信息，好在和老板談判加薪的時候有些底氣。萊得門雖然工作得很開心，但他仍保留著在“打造事業(yè)”網(wǎng)站的搜索代理。“這樣你就知道外面的一切”他說。有一個個人搜索代理就等于有另外一雙眼睛幫你留心外面的世界。 最后兩段說明了“個人搜索代理”的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步意義。
A.Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.
B. Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.
C.Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.
D.Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.
Section III Reading Comprehension Part A（滿分40分） Directions: Read the following four Passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Passage 2
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］結(jié)構(gòu)題。第一段中，作者指出唯有一種歧視ALPHABETISM依然盛行，因?yàn)樗菨撾[不顯的INSIDIOUS, 并且多不為人知UNAWARE.第二段列舉的AAAA汽車的例子和ADAM ABBOTT人名的例子都是對此種歧視不易為人察覺的進(jìn)一步解釋。
A. A kind of overlooked inequality.
B. A type of conspicuous bias.
C. A type of personal prejudice.
D. A kind of brand discrimination.
47、What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］推論題。這一題需要從前三段中概括出來其答案。A、B、C三項(xiàng)都是只抓句子細(xì)節(jié)而不求整體理解所作的陳述。另外，本題與46題相聯(lián)系，如果46題做錯了，這一題也難以做對。
A.In both East and West, names are essential to success.
B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo? Zysman.
C.Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.
D.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.
48、The 4th paragraph suggests that
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］推論題。這一題的答案可以在第四段中尋找，由于學(xué)生的座位是按姓名首字母排列的，那些靠后的學(xué)生常常不會被老師提問到，并因此而可能逃學(xué)，成績變差，缺乏當(dāng)眾發(fā)言的自信等。本段倒數(shù)第一行，BECAUSE THEY GET LESS INDIVIDUAL ATTENTION,由此可知答案為C。
A.questions are often put to the more intelligent students.
B.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class.
C.teachers should pay attention to all of their students.
D.students should be seated according to their eyesight.
49、What does the author mean by "most people are literally having a ZZZ" (Line 2-3, Paragraph 5)?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］詞義題。C、D兩項(xiàng)都很容易排除。選擇將在A、B之間進(jìn)行。最后一段講，所有按字母順序排列的東西，都會使接受者漸失其興趣，（ALL TEND TO BE DRAWN UP ALPHABETICALLY, AND THEIR RECIPIENTS LOSE INTEREST AS THEY PLOUGH THOUGH THEM.）A GETTING IMPATIENT,文意尚通，但較籠統(tǒng)。作者在此有一種夸張，逗樂的幽默風(fēng)格，認(rèn)為畢業(yè)典禮頒發(fā)獎品到了后面，很多學(xué)生都鼾聲如雷了。
A.They are getting impatient.
B.They are noisily dozing off.
C.They are feeling humiliated.
D.They are busy with word puzzles.
50、Which of the following is true according to the text?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］細(xì)節(jié)題。這一題與47題類似，要求通觀全文，把握作者主要觀點(diǎn)。
譯文 解讀 在過去的一個世紀(jì)，各種不公平和歧視都遭到了譴責(zé)或被視為非法。但是還有一種神秘的不公平和歧視形式繼續(xù)盛行:按字母排序。對于那些至今還沒有意識到這個劣勢的人來說，這指的是歧視那些姓氏首字母排在字母表后半部分的人。 這是一篇議論文。
第一段指出“按字母順序排列”這種神秘的不公平和歧視繼續(xù)盛行。 人們早就發(fā)現(xiàn)顧客通過電話本叫出租車時，與一家名叫佐迪亞克的出租車公司相比，一家名叫AAAA的出租車公司具有相當(dāng)大的優(yōu)勢。人們不太知曉的是一個名叫A DAM ABBOTT的人在他的一生中比一個名叫ZOE ZYSMAN的人占了多大的優(yōu)勢。英語名字很均勻地分布于字母表的前后兩部分，不過，許多杰出人物的姓氏首字母都是在A與K之間。
美國總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)的姓氏首字母分別是B和C；喬治、布什的前任中（包括他的父親），有26位姓氏在字母表的前半部分，而只有16位在后半部分。更另人驚奇的，七國首腦中有6位其姓氏具有按字母排序的優(yōu)勢。（貝盧斯科尼，布萊爾，布什，希拉克，施羅德和小泉）。世界三大中央銀行家（格林斯藩，德伊森貝赫和福井）的姓氏也都在字母表靠前位置，盡管他們其中一位使用的是日文。世界五大富翁也是一樣（蓋茨、也菲特、艾倫、艾里森和阿爾布雷赫特）。
這僅僅算是巧合嗎？排在字母表不利位置的人，花費(fèi)所有的閑假時間得出的一個結(jié)論也是這種情況，在很早時就已經(jīng)不妙了。在幼兒園另一學(xué)期的開始，老師們按字母表順序從前排開始按排座位，為的是更容易記住他們的名字。所以近視眼的姓氏靠后的人被排到了后排，而那些不敏感的老師也很少向他提出有啟發(fā)性的問題。當(dāng)時，因受字母排序之害的學(xué)生還以為自己是有幸逃脫了。不過，結(jié)果是更糟糕的成績，他們因?yàn)楹苌偈艿疥P(guān)注，在公眾面前說話時，也就沒有那么自信。 第二段、三段、四段用舉例子的方法說明一種被人們忽視的不平等和歧視。 這種羞辱還在繼續(xù)，在大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮上，那些姓氏靠前的人首先獲得嘉獎，等輪到了姓氏靠后的人領(lǐng)獎時，大多數(shù)人其實(shí)已在打鼾了。求職面試的決選名單、投票選舉單、會議發(fā)言和出席名單，所有這些往往都是按字母順序排列的，而人們在翻看這些東西的時候總是漸漸的失去興趣了。 第五段指出這種羞辱并沒有結(jié)束，與名字排在字母表前部分的人相比，排在字母表后面的人無形中失去了優(yōu)勢。
A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.
B.VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
C.The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
Section III Reading Comprehension Part A（滿分40分） Directions: Read the following four Passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Pasage 3
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too” she says.
Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, "there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses," says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. "Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says john Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.
Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting. 51. By "Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet"(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］詞義題。這一題的關(guān)鍵在于作者巧妙地使用了一個雙關(guān)語PUN,BITE ONE'S NAILS，或形容詞NAIL-BITING，指陷入困境，焦慮不安。指甲美容師SPERO面對經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，雖然生意少了，沒有指甲可修，但并未陷入絕境，所以說ELLEN SPERO ISN'T BITING HER NAILS JUST YET.
A. Spero can hardly maintain her business.
B. Spero is too much engaged in her work.
C. Spero has grown out of her bad habit.
D. Spero is not in a desperate situation.
52、 How do the public feel about the current economic situation?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第二段最后一句話中，顧客們對此只是關(guān)注，并不驚慌，盡管很多人消費(fèi)有所減縮，但他們對經(jīng)濟(jì)的長期前景是樂觀的。
A. Optimistic.
B. Confused.
C. Carefree.
D. Panicked.
53、When mentioning "the $4 million to $10 million range" (Lines 3-4, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about.
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段第二句講，HOME PRICES ARE HOLDING STEADY IN MOST REGIONS,可知是住房價格問題，REAL-ESTATE指房地產(chǎn)。
A. gold market.
B. real estate.
C. stock exchange.
D. venture investment.
54、 Why can many people see "silver linings" to the economic showdown?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］細(xì)節(jié)題。SILVER LININGS指憂中之喜。最后一段講到LOWER INTEREST RATES, STOCK-MARKET SWINGS 都是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退中的有利可圖的地方。
A. They would benefit in certain ways.
B. The stock market shows signs of recovery.
C. Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.
D. The purchasing power would be enhanced.
55、To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］細(xì)節(jié)題。這是一道主旨題，從全文的行文可以讀出作者的態(tài)度。
譯文 解讀 談到正在減速的經(jīng)濟(jì)，埃倫·絲皮羅的情況還不是很糟糕。但是這位47歲的剪指甲師修剪、銼光、擦亮的指甲并不是像她希望的那么多，她的多數(shù)顧客每周消費(fèi)12~50美元，但上個月兩個老顧客突然就不光顧了。絲皮羅因而歸咎于經(jīng)濟(jì)疲軟�！拔沂莻�準(zhǔn)確的經(jīng)濟(jì)指示器”，她說：“我所提供的是一種人們想省錢就可以不要的服務(wù)。所以絲皮羅正在縮減開支，在克里夫蘭她鄉(xiāng)下的家附近的一中檔DILLAND商場購物。而不是在NEIMAN MARARS購物。她說，我不知其他顧客是否也會拋棄我”。 本文是一篇經(jīng)濟(jì)類論述文。
第一段、二段論述了當(dāng)前美國經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的各種跡象。 即使艾倫·格林斯番承認(rèn)美國過熱的經(jīng)濟(jì)正在降溫，之前許多工薪族就已經(jīng)覺察到了經(jīng)濟(jì)減緩的跡象。從汽車經(jīng)濟(jì)商到GAP銷售店，因顧客削減開支，銷售額已連續(xù)數(shù)月走低。對零售商來說，去年在感恩節(jié)和圣誕節(jié)之間的收入占全年收入的24%。而今年關(guān)鍵時刻又要來到了。專家們說，假日銷售與去年同比下降了7%。但是現(xiàn)在還不用拉響警報，消費(fèi)者似乎只是稍微有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心，并不恐慌，許多人說他們對于經(jīng)濟(jì)的長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展保持樂觀的態(tài)度。甚至在他們適度地緊縮開支時也是如此。
消費(fèi)者說他們并沒有絕望，盡管報紙的大標(biāo)題有些令人驚駭，他們自己的財富依舊堅(jiān)挺。在大多數(shù)地區(qū)房地產(chǎn)的價格保持穩(wěn)定。在曼哈頓，“四百萬到一千萬美元的房子，形成一股新的搶購熱，主要是因?yàn)槿A爾街的分紅”，經(jīng)紀(jì)人巴巴拉考克安說，在舊金山盡管瘋狂的叫價逐漸平息，但房價仍然在上漲。以前是20~30個賣主，現(xiàn)在取而代之的只有2個或3個，大多數(shù)人對自己有能力找到并保住一份工作感到很滿意。
許多人在這次蕭條中仍能看到一線希望，想買房子的人會為更低的利率而歡呼，老板們不會介意就業(yè)市場中的泡沫，一些消費(fèi)者受到了股市波動的影響。但投資將此看作是保持繁榮的必要因素。吃飯的人也能得到好處。以前到曼哈頓的艾倫杜可斯餐廳找張桌子是不可能的，現(xiàn)在不會有這種事了。因此，格林斯番和各大公司還是可以值得慶祝的。 第三段、四段論述了美國的大多數(shù)人所持的樂觀、積極的態(tài)度。我們?nèi)孕枰?jǐn)慎，但也大可不必驚慌。
A. A now boom, on the horizon.
B. Tighten the belt, the single remedy.
C. Caution all right, panic not.
D.The more ventures, the more chances.
Section III Reading Comprehension Part A（滿分40分） Directions: Read the following four Passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Passage 4
Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education —— not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find.
"Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual," says education writer Diane Ravitch. "Schools could be a counterbalance." Razitch’s latest bock, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, "We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society."
"Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege," writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.
Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children:"We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing."Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized —— going to school and learning to read —— so he can preserve his innate goodness.
Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.
School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise."
56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］細(xì)節(jié)題。文章開篇便講，美國人當(dāng)今對學(xué)術(shù)價值不大重視，他們的英雄是運(yùn)動員、企業(yè)家而不是學(xué)者。學(xué)校是送孩子去接受實(shí)際教育的地方，而不是要為知識而知識。故知答案為C。
A. The habit of thinking independently.
B. Profound knowledge of the world.
C.Practical abilities for future career.
D. The confidence in intellectual pursuits.
57、 We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
A
［注釋］細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第四段第三句話講，自美國歷史開始，民主黨與平民黨人士都拒絕任何有精美主義味道的東西。后文又談及超驗(yàn)主義者愛默生和作家馬克·吐溫都是學(xué)術(shù)教育的反對者，故知美國傳統(tǒng)中便有低估學(xué)術(shù)的傾向。
A. undervaluing intellect.
B. favoring intellectualism.
C.supporting school reform.
D. suppressing native intelligence.
58、 The views of Ravish and Emerson on schooling are
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
D
［注釋］細(xì)節(jié)題。RAVITCH的態(tài)度在文中第二段有所表露。RAVITCH認(rèn)為學(xué)校是處于實(shí)際比學(xué)術(shù)重要的社會之中，學(xué)校應(yīng)成為社會的一種平低力量，看來他是反對輕視學(xué)術(shù)的。
A. identical.
B. similar.
C.complementary.
D.opposite.
59、 Emerson, according to the text, is probably
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
B
［注釋］細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第五段第一句話講，愛默生認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和嚴(yán)格的讀書學(xué)習(xí)給孩子們加上了非自然的限制，并說學(xué)生學(xué)了10年乃至15年后，除了一肚子的文詞之外，步入社會卻不曉世事。可知其反對學(xué)校教育。
A. a pioneer of education reform.
B. an opponent of intellectualism.
C.a scholar in favor of intellect.
D.an advocate of regular schooling.
60、 What does the author think of intellect?
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
C
［注釋］態(tài)度題。作者的態(tài)度是比較客觀的。文中第三段講，拒思想性生活，會使人們喪失批判性思考的能力，也會使人們易于為人控制，不能充分參與民主，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)有學(xué)術(shù)追求。
譯文 解讀 當(dāng)今的美國人對知識的獲得并不特別重視。我們心目中的英雄是運(yùn)動員、演員和企業(yè)家，而不是學(xué)者。甚至學(xué)校也是一個我們送孩子去接受實(shí)用教育的場所。而不是為了獲得知識而學(xué)知識的地方。學(xué)校里很容易見到處處存在的反知識主義的現(xiàn)象。 本文是一篇議論文。第一段指出了美國社會中的對知識學(xué)習(xí)輕視的傾向。 “學(xué)�？偸翘幵谝粋�實(shí)踐重于知識的社會環(huán)境中”教育作家黛安·瑞維茨說�！皩W(xué)校能夠成為一種平衡力量�！比鹁S茨最新出版的一本書《學(xué)校改革一個世紀(jì)的失敗》追溯了我們的學(xué)校里反知識主義的根源，并得出結(jié)論：它們根本不能平衡美國人對追求知識的反感。
但是學(xué)校能夠而且應(yīng)該是人們追求知識的地方。鼓勵孩子拋棄腦力活動使得他們?nèi)菀妆焕煤涂刂�。如果沒有能力進(jìn)行批判性思維，維護(hù)自己的觀點(diǎn)，并理解他人的觀點(diǎn)，他們就能充分地參與到我們的民主政治中來。這樣發(fā)展下去，就會像作家俄爾蕭里斯說的，“我們會變成一個二流的國家，社會文明度將降低”。
“知識被人們看作是一種權(quán)力或特權(quán)的形式而遭到憎惡”，歷史學(xué)家理查德·豪夫斯臺德教授在他的《美國社會中的反知識主義》一書中這樣說。該書因?yàn)榻沂?a target="_blank" class="infotextkey">美國政治、宗教以及教育界的反知識主義根源，獲得普利策獎。豪夫斯臺德說，從我們的歷史最早期開始，我們的民主和民粹主義傾向就使我們擯棄一切和精英政治味道的東西。實(shí)用性、常識、天分一直都被認(rèn)為是比從書本中學(xué)來的任何東西都高尚的資質(zhì)。 第二段、三段指出美國人對知識的輕視源于對實(shí)用性的認(rèn)同，使得學(xué)校也不能成為為了知識而學(xué)習(xí)知識的地方。 拉夫瓦爾·多愛默生和其他一些先驗(yàn)論哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和高強(qiáng)度的書本學(xué)習(xí)會使孩子受到不正常的限制，“我們被關(guān)在學(xué)校和大學(xué)的背誦室里，一關(guān)就是10到15年，最后帶著滿腹經(jīng)文出來，卻什么都不知道�！瘪R克吐溫的作品《哈克貝利·芬》這樣描述美國的反知識主義。書中的主人公拒絕接受文明教化——上學(xué)認(rèn)字——所以他保持了自己天生的好的品質(zhì)。
在豪夫斯臺德看來，知識和天分是不同的，我們雖不情愿，但只能羨慕別人的天分，但知識是我們頭腦中批判性、創(chuàng)造性和沉思性的一面。天分對信息進(jìn)理解，應(yīng)用、加工、并調(diào)整，而知識卻會研究、思考、提問、總結(jié)理論、批判、并想象。
目前學(xué)校里知識仍遭到懷疑。豪夫斯臺德說我們國家的教育體系掌握在這樣一些人手中，他們“毫不掩飾自己對知識的憎惡，對學(xué)習(xí)成績最差的學(xué)生卻表現(xiàn)出極大的認(rèn)同，并且對自己的立場頗為得意�！� 第四、五、六、七段作者在分析了知識和天分區(qū)別的基礎(chǔ)上，說明了知識的重要性。
A. It is second to intelligence.
B. It evolves from common sense.
C.It is to be pursued.
D.It underlies power.
Section III Part B(每題2分，共10分)Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. (62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from "exotic" language, were not always so grateful. (63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages. Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. (64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages ,Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.
61、
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
希臘人認(rèn)為，語言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維過程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系。這一觀點(diǎn)在人們尚未認(rèn)識到語言的千差萬別以前就早已在歐洲扎下了根。
62、
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
我們之所有感激他們（兩位先驅(qū)），是因?yàn)樵诖酥�，這些（土著）語言中有一些已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了，這是由于說這些語言的部族或是消亡了，或是被同化而喪失了自己的本族語言。
63、
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
這些新近被描述的語言與已經(jīng)得到充分研究的歐洲和東南亞地區(qū)的語言往往差別顯著，以至于有些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)Boas和Sapir編造了材料。
64、
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
Whorf對語言與思維的關(guān)系很感興趣，逐漸形成了這樣的觀點(diǎn)：在一個社會中，語言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定習(xí)慣思維的結(jié)構(gòu)。
65、
（本題分值：2分）
【正確答案】
Whorf進(jìn)而相信某種類似語言決定論的觀點(diǎn)，其極端說法是：語言禁錮思維，語言的語法結(jié)構(gòu)能對一個社會的文化產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
Section IV (共20分)Writing
66、Directions:
Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the drawing
2) interpret its meaning, and.
3) support your view with examples.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points) 終點(diǎn)又是新起點(diǎn)
（本題分值：0分）
【正確答案】
略
