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貨代專業(yè)英語第一課

Scope of Freight Forwarding Services

Originally, a freight forwarder (貨運代理人) was a commission agent (委托代理人) performing on behalf of (代表…) the exporter/importer routine tasks such
as loading/unloading of goods, storage of goods, arranging local transport,
obtaining payment for his customer, etc…
However, the expansion of international trade and the development of
different modes of transport over the years that followed enlarged the scope of
his services. Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role in
international trade and transport. The services that a freight forwarder renders
may often range from routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or
customs clearance (清關(guān)) to a comprehensive package of services covering the
total transportation and distribution process. 未完待續(xù)

課文理解：
1. 核心句子：
… a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the
exporter/importer routine tasks …
這句句子很長,一段就是一句.不過,作者無非想表達這樣一個意思:貨運代理人是進出口商的委托代理人,提供這樣或那樣的服務. 句子顯然含有一個定語從句, 其他的結(jié)構(gòu)是幫助起修飾、說明作用的.
1.1 performing = doing (a piece of work)
1.2 on behalf of the exporter/importer = on exporter’s or importer’s behalf =
as representative of exporter/importer
1.3 routine tasks (日常工作,日常事務)
這里我們不能用 work 替代 task , 其原因是:
task: 可數(shù)名詞, 一般是指較為困難、辛苦的工作, 正好和routine tasks后面
such as 的例子統(tǒng)一起來.
work: 不可數(shù)名詞, 工作的意思則較為籠統(tǒng)、廣泛.

句子中其他需要解釋的地方還有:
1.4 originally = from the beginning
1.5 such as loading/unloading of goods … = such as loading/unloading of goods
for his customer. 下面三個結(jié)構(gòu)如同本結(jié)構(gòu).

2. 核心句子： … A and B enlarged the scope of his service. 句子中:
A 是指 the expansion of international trade (國際貿(mào)易的擴大)
B 是指 the development of different modes of transport (不同運輸模式的發(fā)展)

2.1 enlarge = make or become larger.
A and B make the scope of freight forwarding services larger
“ en- + adj. = v. ” 是 enlarge 這個詞的結(jié)構(gòu), 由前綴"en-"和形容詞"large"構(gòu)成.
“ en- + adj. = v. ” 這樣的例子還有: enable, enrich

句子中其他需要解釋的地方還有:
2.2 over the years that followed (意譯): 在以后的幾年里面

3. 句子：
Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role in international trade and
transport. 在句子中:
3.1 today = at the present time, 課文里不解釋今天.
3.2 play a role: 扮演角色, 可以引申為起著…的作用.

4. 核心句子： The services …may often range from … to…
好像很難理解, 我們先舉一個簡單的例子看看:
price ranging from USD5 to USD10 (從5美元到10美元的各種價格)
price ranging between USD5 and USD10 (5美元到10美元之間的各種價格)
range 的意思是”在…范圍內(nèi)變化”, 后面的搭配可以是from…to…, 也可以是
between…and… 于是, 我們發(fā)現(xiàn):
例句中的USD5 = 課文中的routine and basic tasks … ,
例句中的USD10 = 課文中的a comprehensive package of services …

句子中其他解釋的地方還有:
4.1 routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or customs clearance
the booking of space (艙位的預訂)
customs clearance (海關(guān)清結(jié)關(guān))

4.2 a comprehensive package of services …
a package of (意譯:一攬子) package有的時候具有比喻的意味和用法,課文中的
情況就是這樣.
comprehensive (綜合性的、廣泛的、全面的、詳盡的) ,看來這個短語應該翻譯
成"綜合性的一攬子服務方案"比較妥帖.

4.3 The services that a freight forwarder renders
render (及物動詞) = offer, provide. 這是一句定語從句.說明提供這些訂艙、
報關(guān)、全程運輸、分撥等服務的來源

4.4 … covering the total …
cover = include, consist of, take into account
(包括, 涉及, 可以引申為"關(guān)于"解, 相當于 about )

4.5 the total transportation and distribution process
上面課文中有這樣一個結(jié)構(gòu): …in international trade and transport, 那么
transport 和transportation 有何區(qū)別呢?

實際上是一樣的,我們也可以說成…in international trade and transportation 或
the total transport and … 文章中這樣安排的原因,我認為只是為了保持前后結(jié)構(gòu)
統(tǒng)一(參見and前后的下劃線).

如果硬要把它們加以區(qū)別, 其答案是: transportation 是美國人常用的詞匯,
而 transport 則是英國人常用的詞匯

5. 段落小結(jié)：
第一、第二兩個自然段是本文的第一層意思:
我們注意到了這樣一些副詞：originally......however......today......通過這些副詞的貫穿，我們了解了貨運代理人的概念，并通過貨運代理服務范圍的演變，對其服務范圍基本上有了一個大概的印象.