2012年成考升專本虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)
來(lái)源：育路教育網(wǎng)發(fā)布時(shí)間：2012-08-24
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幫助希望進(jìn)入名校的在職人員實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的本、�？拼髮W(xué)夢(mèng)想
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話并不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)。
如：I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.我希望今天早上能多睡一會(huì)，但是我得起來(lái)去上課。（表示愿望）
1． 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本形式
1）動(dòng)詞原形，用于一切人稱和數(shù)
如：God bless you.愿上帝保佑你。
2）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，用于一切人稱和數(shù)，be的過(guò)去式是were。
如：If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在這，一些都沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。
3)had+過(guò)去分詞，用于一切人稱和數(shù)。
如：If you had left a little earlier, you would have caught the train.如果你早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身，你就能趕上火車了。
4）should +動(dòng)詞原形，用于一切人稱和數(shù)。
如：They suggested that we should set off straightway.他們建議我們馬上動(dòng)身。
5）should+ have done，用于一切人稱和數(shù)。
如：They should have come by this time.他們現(xiàn)在該到了。
6）should/would/could+動(dòng)詞原形
如：If I had time, I should/would/could come.如果我有時(shí)間，我一定來(lái)。（沒(méi)有來(lái)）
7)should/would/could have done
如：If they hadn’t helped, you should/would/could have done nothing.要不是他們幫了你，你現(xiàn)在肯定一事無(wú)成。
2． 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的用法
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條件從句
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結(jié)果主句
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與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
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If sb.+過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式是were）
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sb.+should, would, could+動(dòng)詞原形
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與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
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If sb.+had done
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sb.+should,could, would+have done
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與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反
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If sb.+過(guò)去式/were to do/should+動(dòng)詞原形
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sb.+should, would, could +動(dòng)詞原形
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與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：
如：If I were you, I would apply for the job.如果我是你，我就會(huì)申請(qǐng)那份工作。
Even if I had money, I wouldn’t buy it.即是我有錢，我也不會(huì)買它的。
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：
如：If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.如果當(dāng)時(shí)聽了你的話，我就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。
If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work so easily.要不是你的幫忙，我的工作不會(huì)這么容易完成。
與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：
如：If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, I should stay at home.如果明天下雨，我就呆在家里。
If the teacher knew it, she would be angry.萬(wàn)一老師知道了這件事情，她會(huì)生氣的。
注：在非真實(shí)條件句中，可以將謂語(yǔ)中的were, had, should放在主語(yǔ)之前，省略if.
如：If you were in my position, what would you do? 如果你處在我的位置，你會(huì)怎么做？
省略if: Were you in my position, what would you do?
If facts had been collected one week earlier, we should have had more time to study them.假使早一個(gè)星期收集事實(shí)，我們就有更多的時(shí)間研究它們了。
省略if. Had facts been collected one week earlier, we should have had more time to study them.
If it should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be postponed.萬(wàn)一明天下雨，會(huì)議就會(huì)延期。
省略if. Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be postponed.
3.條件從句和結(jié)果主句所表的時(shí)間不一致的情況
當(dāng)條件從句與結(jié)果主句所表示的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式應(yīng)該作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。
如：If you were in better health, we would have asked you to come.如果你身體好些，我們?cè)缇驼?qǐng)你來(lái)了。
If we had consulted him on the question yesterday, we should know what to do now.假使昨天我們向他請(qǐng)教了這個(gè)問(wèn)題，現(xiàn)在就知道怎么辦了。
條件從句中用if I were, 結(jié)果主句則可以用任何時(shí)間的虛擬形式。
如：If I were not busy, I would have come.假如我不忙，我就會(huì)去的。（were表示過(guò)去）
If I were not busy, I would come. 假如我不忙，我就會(huì)去的。（were表示現(xiàn)在）
4．含蓄條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法
非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)候不表達(dá)出來(lái)，只是暗含在上下文中。
如：We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我們不知道他的電話號(hào)碼，否則我們就會(huì)給他打電話。（暗含條件otherwise）
Without your help, we wouldn’t have achieved so much.沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能取得這么大的成績(jī)。（暗含條件without your help）
But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment.如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我的實(shí)驗(yàn)就不會(huì)成功。（暗含條件But for your help）
Given the opportunity, he might have become a famous singer.如果給他提供機(jī)會(huì)的話，他很可能已經(jīng)成為著名歌唱家了。（暗含條件Given the opportunity）
5．省去結(jié)果主句的非真實(shí)條件句
非真實(shí)條件句如省去結(jié)果主句，則常表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。這種條件句常用if only來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
如：If only I could see him once.我只要在見(jiàn)到他一次就好了。
If only he were here.如果她在這就好了。
If only I hadn’t done that .我要是沒(méi)有做那件事就好了。
6．不用if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件從句
非真實(shí)條件從句除了用if引導(dǎo)外，還可以用when, unless, lest, as if, for fear, in case, on condition等詞語(yǔ)來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
如：Unless I were well, I wouldn’t be at work.除非我好了，否則我就不會(huì)去上班。
He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.他小心弄那儀器，生怕把他弄壞了。
Take some more money with you in case you should need it.多帶點(diǎn)錢以備急用。
He can use the car on condition that he should return it tomorrow.如果明天車能還回來(lái)，他就可以把車借去。
7．虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在主語(yǔ)從句中
在主語(yǔ)從句中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略的形式。這種主語(yǔ)從句由連詞that引導(dǎo)。用在It is important(necessary, strange, impossible, imperative, essential) that…句型中。
如：It is essential that we should tell her the news.我們有必要告訴他這個(gè)消息。
It is important that we should make full use of our mineral resources.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，充分利用我國(guó)的礦產(chǎn)資源是重要的。
It is necessary that the work should be done.這工作必須立即完成。
It is strange that the result of the experiment should be unsatisfactory.奇怪的是試驗(yàn)結(jié)果竟然如此不能令人滿意。
（二）其他從句中的虛擬
1． 在賓語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在賓語(yǔ)從句中，有三種情況：
1)wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
用在動(dòng)詞wish 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示愿望。
a)用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：
如：I wish I knew his address.我要是知道他的地址就好了。
I wish I were as strong as you.我希望像你一樣健壯。
b)用過(guò)去完成式表示于過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：
如：He wishes he hadn’t been rude to his parents.他真希望他沒(méi)有對(duì)父母無(wú)理
I wish I had known it before.我真希望我預(yù)先知道這件事情。
c)用wish+主語(yǔ)+would表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況表示遺憾。但是它所表示的動(dòng)作是從句的主語(yǔ)所能夠控制的。即：只要某人愿意，這種動(dòng)作是可以改變的。wish+would可以表示從句主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在愿意或者不愿意進(jìn)行某個(gè)動(dòng)作，這常常是一種習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。
如：I wish he would write more often.我多么希望他肯常寫信來(lái)。相當(dāng)于：
I’m sorry he isn’t willing to write more often.很遺憾，他不愿意常寫信來(lái)。
I wish he would wear a coat.我多希望他肯穿外衣。相當(dāng)于：
I am sorry he refused to wear a coat.可惜他不想穿外衣。
注：wish與would不能用同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。否則句子就會(huì)不符合邏輯。所以不能出現(xiàn)
I wish I would這種結(jié)構(gòu)。
d)用wish+主語(yǔ)+would也可以表示對(duì)目前的情況的不滿以及希望能有所改變。
如：I wish he would answer my letter.但愿他能給我寫信。（我等他的信已經(jīng)很久了）
I wish they would change the menu.我希望他們的飯菜能變變花樣。（我吃香腸都吃膩了）
但是說(shuō)話人通常對(duì)發(fā)生他所要求的變化不抱有太大希望。
注：wish與would不能用同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。
e) I wish you would可以用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求。這里不表示說(shuō)話人已經(jīng)感到對(duì)方會(huì)拒絕請(qǐng)求，但它暗示對(duì)方在某個(gè)方面使說(shuō)話人感到惱火或失望。
如：I wish you would stop humming.表示說(shuō)話人為哼歌曲的問(wèn)題而惱火。
2）would rather, would sooner 等表示愿望的詞，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
如：I would rather you came tomorrow than today.我寧愿你明天來(lái)，而不是今天。
I could do it myself but I would sooner you did it.我自己也可以做，但我寧愿你去做。
3）在動(dòng)詞demand, order, propose, request, require, suggest, insist等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句，用should+動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表示虛擬。
如：The expert proposed that TV should be turned off at least one hour every day.專家建議每天至少應(yīng)該關(guān)掉電視一個(gè)小時(shí)。
He suggested that we should discuss the question at the next.他建議我們下次會(huì)上討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
She insisted that we should take up the matter at the meeting.她堅(jiān)持要求我們?cè)跁?huì)上談這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
注：insist后的從句中，如果是堅(jiān)持自己做某事，用陳述語(yǔ)氣，堅(jiān)持別人做什么事情，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
如：She insists that she is right.她堅(jiān)持自己是對(duì)的。
She insisted that I should finish the work at once.她堅(jiān)持要我馬上完成工作。
有些動(dòng)詞如：think, expect, believe，其否定句的賓語(yǔ)從句也可以用should+動(dòng)詞原形。
如：I never thought he should refuse.我萬(wàn)萬(wàn)沒(méi)有想到他會(huì)拒絕。
I had never expected that things should turn out like this.我沒(méi)有料到事情的結(jié)果會(huì)這樣。
2．表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1）虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以用在表語(yǔ)從句中。當(dāng)句子中有suggestion, proposal, idea, order, recommendation, possibility等名詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形。
如：His suggestion was that everyone should have a map.他的建議是每人發(fā)一張地圖。
My idea is that the electronic device should be tested at once.我的意見(jiàn)是這一電子器件要立即試驗(yàn)。
2）虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以用在同位語(yǔ)從句中。
如：They made the request that the problem should be discussed as soon as possible.他們要求盡快討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
He gave the order that the work should be started at once.他命令工作馬上開始。
3．在定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣還可以用在定語(yǔ)從句中。這種從句用在 “it is (high，about) time that…”句型中。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式是過(guò)去式。
如：It is time we started.我們?cè)摮霭l(fā)了。
It is high time we left.我們?cè)撟吡?/p>
4．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法
1）以連接詞as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。
如：You speak as if you had really been there.你說(shuō)的好像你真的去過(guò)那里。
He spoke to me as if I were deaf.他跟我說(shuō)話時(shí)就好像我是聾子似的。
2）以in order that , so that 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用may/ might+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成/
如：In order that people might understand his new invention, he made a practical demonstration of it.為了讓別人了解他的新發(fā)明，他做了一次示范表演。
I live so that others may live better.我自己活著是為了讓別人活的更好。
3) 由連接詞whether, whatever,even if/though, so long as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即謂語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞原形。
如：Whether the figure be accurate or not, they have to be rechecked.不管那些數(shù)字準(zhǔn)確與否，都應(yīng)該重新核對(duì)。
They have decided to build a reservoir, whatever the difficulties may be.他們決心建造一座水庫(kù)，不管有多少困難。
5．虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他使用情況
虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以使用在口語(yǔ)中，使語(yǔ)氣比較客氣委婉。
1）陳述自己的想法
如：I should like to have a talk with you.我想和你談一談。
I would like to join in your discussion.我想?yún)⒓幽銈兊挠懻摗?br />
2）提出請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)
如：Would you please come and help me? 你來(lái)幫幫我好嗎？
3）提出建議或勸告
如：Wouldn’t it be better for us to do it ourselves.我們自己動(dòng)手做不是更好嗎？
6.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于某些“祝愿”、“詛咒”等用語(yǔ)中
如：May you be happy!祝你幸福！
Long live the people!人民萬(wàn)歲！
The devil take you.見(jiàn)鬼去吧！
第二部分 鞏固練習(xí)
1．The house looked as if no one _______ in it.
a. lived b.had lived c. could live d. lives
選b.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在as if引導(dǎo)的從句中。
2． The chairman suggested that the meeting ______ put off.
a. can be b. be c. is d.will be
選b. suggest后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用 (should)+動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬。
3．It is time we _________ do our homework.
a. begin to b. can begin to c.began to d. will begin to
選c. It is time 后面的從句用過(guò)去式表示虛擬。
4．Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee_________ to investigate
the incident.
a.were set up b. was set up c. be set up. d.set up
選c. proposal后面的同位語(yǔ)用should+動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬
5．The manager would rather his daughter__________ in the same office.
a.had not worked b.not to work c.does not work d.did not work
選d. would rather后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬。
6． Mike’s uncle insists _________ in this hotel.
a.that he not stay b staying not c.that he would not stay d. not to stay
選a. insist 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣should+動(dòng)詞原形
7．I didn’t think it advisable that Tim ________ to the job since he has no experience.
a.is assigned b. will be assigned c.be assigned d. had been assigned
選c.主語(yǔ)從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬。
8．____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
a.Had they arrived b. Would they arrive c. Were they arriving d.Were they to arrive
選d. were 放在條件從句的句首，可以省略if
9．It is politely requested by the management that radio ________ after 11 o’clock at night.
a.were not played b. not play c. not be played d.did not play
選c. 賓語(yǔ)從句should+動(dòng)詞原形
10．We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we ______________ him.
a.would have telephoned b. would telephone c.must have telephoned d.had telephoned
選a.otherwise是隱含條件句
11．To be frank, I’d rather you ______ in the case.
a.will not be involved b. not involved c. not to be involved d. were not involved
選d.would rather 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬。
4． The house looked as if no one _______ in it.
a. lived b.had lived c. could live d. lives
選b.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在as if引導(dǎo)的從句中。
5． The chairman suggested that the meeting ______ put off.
a. can be b. be c. is d.will be
選b. suggest后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用 (should)+動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬。
6．It is time we _________ do our homework.
a. begin to b. can begin to c.began to d. will begin to
選c. It is time 后面的從句用過(guò)去式表示虛擬。
4．Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee_________ to investigate the incident.
a.were set up b. was set up c. be set up. d.set up
選c. proposal后面的同位語(yǔ)用should+動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬
5．The manager would rather his daughter__________ in the same office.
a.had not worked b.not to work c.does not work d.did not work
選d. would rather后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬。
6．Mike’s uncle insists _________ in this hotel.
a.that he not stay b staying not c.that he would not stay d. not to stay
選a. insist 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣should+動(dòng)詞原形
7．I didn’t think it advisable that Tim ________ to the job since he has no experience.
a.is assigned b. will be assigned c.be assigned d. had been assigned
選c.主語(yǔ)從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形表示虛擬。
8．____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
a.Had they arrived b. Would they arrive c. Were they arriving d.Were they to arrive
選d. were 放在條件從句的句首，可以省略if
9．It is politely requested by the management that radio ________ after 11 o’clock at night.
a.were not played b. not play c. not be played d.did not play
選c. 賓語(yǔ)從句should+動(dòng)詞原形
10．We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we ______________ him.
b. would have telephoned b. would telephone c.must have telephoned d.had telephoned
選a.otherwise是隱含條件句
11．To be frank, I’d rather you ______ in the case.
a.will not be involved b. not involved c. not to be involved d. were not involved
選d.would rather 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬。
12．I _______ try it again if I _________ you.
a. will; am b. should; am c. would; were d. would; had been
選c.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)
13．If it ________ not for the water, the plants __________ live.
a. were; would not b. is; could not c. were; could d. did; could not
選a.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
14If I ________ that chance to show my ability, I ____ the president of the school.
a. have not had; could not become b. had not had; would not have become
c.did not have; could not become d.doesn’t have; will not become
選b.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
15.He __________ by that burglar if you ________ to save him.
b. might have been killed; hadn’t come b.will be killed; didn’t come
c.may be killed; didn’t come d.could be killed;haven’t come
選a.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
16.If it _________ for your help, I __________ that hard time with so little money.
a.were not; would not spend b.is not; can not spend c.had not been; would not have spent
d. have not been;will not spend
選c.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
17.Where _________ go if war _________?
a.will; break out b.do; will break out c.would; were to break out d.will; is to break out
選c.表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
18.If your teacher ___________ this matter next week, she ________ blame you.
a. could know; will b.knew; would c.knew; will d.knows; may
選b. 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)
19.．_________ he fail in this exam, he ________very sad.
a. If ; is b. If ; will be c. Should; will be d. Should; would be
選d.省略了if.
20.. She wishes she _________ that humiliating thing.
a. doesn’t do b. didn’t do c. haven’t done d. hadn’t done
選d.對(duì)過(guò)去事情的虛擬用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
21.．If only I ________ that beautiful skirt to put on.
a.had b. have c. has d. could have
選a.省去結(jié)果主句的非真實(shí)條件句。
22.. It is vital that he ________ immediately.
a. should go b. must go c. goes d. went
選a.主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用should+動(dòng)詞原形
第三部分：總結(jié)
本次課主要講述了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法，需要大家重點(diǎn)掌握的有：
1.if 引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句
2．在賓語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣,特別是wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的用法
3．表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
4．在定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即It is time that…句型
5．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法
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