北京2011年成人英語(yǔ)模擬題一
來(lái)源：育路教育網(wǎng)發(fā)布時(shí)間：2011-07-28
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幫助希望進(jìn)入名校的在職人員實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的本、專科大學(xué)夢(mèng)想
Part I Reading Comprehension （30%）
Directions：There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
What exactly is a lie？Is it anything we say which we know is untrue？Or is it something more than that？For example，suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say “I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself.” In fact，you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debt and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this rally a lie？
Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. （76）According to him，women are better liars than men，particularly when telling a “white lie”，such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However，this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies，such as making a promise which they have no intension of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at：the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.
Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small，apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time，they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often，in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressures make it itch.
Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Manwatching calls “the mouth cover”。（77）He says there are several typical forms of this，such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers，touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.
Of course，such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth，or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things， and in particular the context in which the lie is told.
1. According to the passage，a “white lie” seems to be a lie
A. that other people believe
B. that other people don't believe
C. told in order to avoid offending someone
D. told in order to take advantage of someone
2. Research suggests that women
A. are better at telling less serious lies than men are
B. generally lie far more than men do
C. lie at parties more often than men do
D. often make promises they intend to break
3. Researchers find that when a person tells lies
A. his blood pressure increases measurably
B. he looks very serious
C. he tends to make some small changes in his behavior
D. he uses his unconscious mind
4. One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they lie is that
A. they wish they were somewhere else
B. the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying
C. they want to cover their mouths
D. they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies
5. The tone of this passage tells us that the writer
A. hates to lie
B. enjoys lying
C. often tells a lie
D. tries to analyze lying
一、文章總體結(jié)構(gòu)分析
全篇圍繞“謊言”這一主題展開(kāi)敘述：第一段通過(guò)舉例及疑問(wèn)的方式探討究竟什么才算是謊言；第二段介紹了南加州大學(xué)的Jerald Jellison教授做過(guò)一個(gè)關(guān)于說(shuō)謊的科學(xué)研究的結(jié)論，即男人和女人說(shuō)謊是不同的，而男人更可能說(shuō)更嚴(yán)重的謊言；第三段則介紹了說(shuō)謊時(shí)行為上的一些細(xì)微的改變；第四段主要講述了說(shuō)謊時(shí)“封嘴”這一具體行為；最后又補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明以上舉止并不能構(gòu)成講話者正在說(shuō)謊的證據(jù)，而是一系列的東西，特別是說(shuō)謊者所說(shuō)的謊言本身。
二、試題具體分析
1. 「答案」C 本題考查的是考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第一、二段。第一段中“you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this.”，第二段又用舉例的方法解釋了white lie的含義。這個(gè)例子就是“such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really think it looks awful.”
2. 「答案」A 本題考查的也是考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對(duì)應(yīng)文章的第二段。該段比較了男人和女人說(shuō)謊的不同，而且男人更可能說(shuō)更嚴(yán)重的謊言。參見(jiàn)第二段中句子“Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies，……”這里的比較就是與前一句中女人撒謊相比。
3. 「答案」C 本題考查的也是考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對(duì)應(yīng)于第三段第一句：Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small，apparently unimportant ways when they lie. 同樣有研究側(cè)重于當(dāng)人們說(shuō)謊時(shí)他們行為的一些細(xì)小的，明顯的不重要的改變，很容易看出答案C與該句符合。
4. 「答案」B 本題考查的也是考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的把握，答案對(duì)應(yīng)于第三段最后一句：The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressures make it itch. 鼻尖對(duì)這樣的變化非常敏感，血壓的增加使得它發(fā)癢，即與B選項(xiàng)吻合。
5. 「答案」D 此題考查的是考生對(duì)整篇短文的觀點(diǎn)的理解。文章首先講到男人女人說(shuō)謊的不同，而后又分析說(shuō)謊時(shí)人們行為方式的變化等等，所以說(shuō)文章是在分析說(shuō)謊。其他選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
三、文章長(zhǎng)難句分析與佳句賞析
1.In fact，you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debt and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. 實(shí)際上，你并不缺錢，但是你的這位朋友卻有欠錢不還的習(xí)慣而你又不想通過(guò)提醒他這點(diǎn)而傷害他的感情。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：you are not short of…but your friend is in the habit of…and you don't want to…by…；short of…缺乏…；in the habit of…養(yǎng)成…習(xí)慣；pay one's deb還…的債；remind sb of…提醒某人使想起…。
2.He says there are several typical forms of this，such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers，touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. 他說(shuō)有幾種動(dòng)作形式，例如用手指掩一部分嘴，摸上嘴唇或者一個(gè)手指支在嘴角。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：He says there are several typical forms of this，such as…；cover…with…用…遮蓋。
四、核心詞匯
short of…缺乏…；in the habit of…養(yǎng)成…習(xí)慣；pay one's deb還…的債；remind sb of…提醒某人使想起…；liar慣于說(shuō)謊者；awful糟糕的；fulfill履行，實(shí)現(xiàn)，完成；sensitive敏感的，靈敏的；give…away出賣…；unconscious無(wú)意識(shí)的，不省人事；attempt嘗試，努力，試圖；rub擦，摩擦；context上下文；itch發(fā)癢；
五、全文翻譯
謊言究竟是什么？是說(shuō)一些我們知道不是真實(shí)的事情？還是甚于這些？例如，假設(shè)一個(gè)朋友向你借錢。你說(shuō)“我希望能幫助你，但我現(xiàn)在自己也缺錢。”實(shí)際上，你并不缺錢，但是你的這位朋友卻有欠錢不還的習(xí)慣而你又不想通過(guò)提醒他這點(diǎn)而傷害他的感情。這是一個(gè)真正的謊言嗎？
南加州大學(xué)的Jerald Jellison教授做過(guò)一個(gè)關(guān)于說(shuō)謊的科學(xué)研究。研究顯示女人比男人更善于說(shuō)謊，特別是說(shuō)“善意的謊言”，例如在一個(gè)派對(duì)上一個(gè)女人稱贊另一個(gè)女人的衣服而實(shí)際上她認(rèn)為那衣服很難看。然而這只是故事的一方面。其他的研究者說(shuō)男人更傾向于說(shuō)一些較嚴(yán)重的謊言，例如承諾他們從來(lái)沒(méi)想過(guò)要實(shí)現(xiàn)的承諾。政客和商人似乎特別擅長(zhǎng)于此類謊言：說(shuō)謊者可從謊言中獲利或在某些方面得到好處。
同樣有研究側(cè)重于當(dāng)人們說(shuō)謊時(shí)他們行為的一些細(xì)小的，明顯的不重要的改變。結(jié)果表明如果他們當(dāng)時(shí)坐著，那么他們會(huì)更多的在椅子中移動(dòng)。他們對(duì)受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的觀察者承認(rèn)“我希望我是在另一個(gè)地方”。他們也會(huì)更多的觸摸臉部的某些部分，特別是鼻子。一個(gè)解釋是因?yàn)檎f(shuō)謊會(huì)使血壓產(chǎn)生微小的變化。鼻尖對(duì)這樣的變化非常敏感，血壓的增加使得它發(fā)癢。
另一個(gè)將說(shuō)謊者出賣的舉動(dòng)是在Desmond Morris的書(shū)《Manwatching》中提到的“封嘴”。他說(shuō)有幾種動(dòng)作形式，例如用手指掩一部分嘴，摸上嘴唇或者一個(gè)手指支在嘴角。這樣的行為可以看作是一種阻止說(shuō)謊者繼續(xù)說(shuō)謊的下意識(shí)舉動(dòng)。
當(dāng)然，這些舉止，例如摸鼻子或者掩蓋嘴唇，或者在椅子中移動(dòng)都不能作為講話者正在說(shuō)謊的證據(jù)。只是這些行為在這樣的情況下更容易發(fā)生。不是一個(gè)舉止就可以將說(shuō)謊者出賣，而是一系列的東西，特別是說(shuō)謊者所說(shuō)的謊言本身。
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