09年成考高起點(diǎn)英語語法歸納與練習(xí)三
來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)布時(shí)間:2009-10-12
2.最高級形式應(yīng)注意的問題:
1)最高級比較范圍用介詞in, over, of, among.
in, (all) over用于在某一范圍內(nèi)的比較,如:in China, all over the world.
of, among用于在同一群體內(nèi)同類事物的比較,如:among the teachers, of the four dresses.
注意:among…相當(dāng)于one of …,不說among all…。這一點(diǎn)考生應(yīng)與漢語表達(dá)區(qū)別開來
如:
all visible lights, red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength.
[A] Among [B] Of [C]For [D]To 答案為[B]
2)比較級形式表示最高級意義時(shí),比較對象的范圍應(yīng)用:
any other +單數(shù)名詞
the other +復(fù)數(shù)名詞
the others
anyone/anything else
上述詞是用業(yè)將比較級結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變成最高級意義的關(guān)鍵詞語,切不可遺漏,尤其是other,否則會造成邏輯混亂的錯(cuò)誤。如不能說:John runs faster than anyone.注意與漢語表達(dá)的不同。
3)most可以用來修飾形容詞或副詞,意思相當(dāng)于very,用法區(qū)分單復(fù)數(shù),但不能用定冠詞the,如:a most interesting book, most expensive restaurants, 要注意與 “the +形容詞最高級+of + 名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示的最高級的區(qū)別,如:
He spoke in the warmest of voices
They have been most kind to me
Basketball is the most popular of sports in this country.
Chinese is the most difficult of language
Chinese is a most difficult language
三。不用比較級和最高級的形容詞:
1)表示顏色的有:white, black
2)表示形態(tài)的有:round, square, oval, circular, triangular(三角形),level
3)表示性質(zhì)和特征的有:atomic, economic, scientific, sonic, golden, silvery, woolen, earthen, silent, full, empty, sure, dead, deaf, blind, lame, rainy
4)表示狀態(tài)作表語的有:afraid, asleep, alive, ashamed, alone, aware, alike
5)表示時(shí)間、空間和方位的有:daily, weekly, monthly, annual, present, front, back, forward, backward, east, west, south, north, left, right, final
6)表示極限、主次、等級的有:maximum, minimum, utmost, main, major, chief minor, superior, inferior, senior, junior, super, favorite
7)含有絕對概念的有:absolute, entire, whole, total, perfect, excellent, thorough, complete.
四。平行結(jié)構(gòu)與比較級
平行結(jié)構(gòu)很多情況下是由形容詞或副詞的比較級或者暗含比較意味的連詞引導(dǎo)的。如:
The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes.
大多數(shù)情況下平行結(jié)構(gòu)都是具有一定的比較含義的,有的是遞進(jìn)對比not only…but (also) ;prefer…to…;rather than有的是同類對比:and ;but;or;both… and…;either…or…; neither…nor………
平行結(jié)構(gòu)測試時(shí)候注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1.注意比較結(jié)構(gòu)中相比較的內(nèi)容在語法形式上是否相同。如:
It is better to die one's feet than .
[A]living on one's knees [B]live on one's knees
[C]on one's knees [D]to live on one's knees
(答案為D)
Despite the temporary difficulties, the manager prefers increasing the output to decreasing it.
2.其他具有并列或比較意義的短語也可引導(dǎo)平行結(jié)構(gòu)。
1)rather than, let alone 雖不是并列連詞,但在結(jié)構(gòu)上連接兩個(gè)語法形式相同的成分。如:
We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style in a personal style.
[A]rather than [B]other than [C]better than [D]less than
答案為A
For the new country to survive, for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.
[A] to name a few [B]let alone [C]not to speak [D]let's say
(答案為B)
2)如果平行的兩個(gè)成分在形式上是介詞短語,而且介詞相同,一般說來第二個(gè)介詞不要省略。如:
At times, more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than into the writing of the features and editorials.
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