33. There are, of course, exceptions. Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.

   [參考譯文] 當(dāng)然，例外是存在的。在美國，心胸狹窄的官員，粗魯?shù)膫髡�，和沒有 禮貌的出租車司機(jī)也并不少見。然而人們常常得出這樣的觀察意見，這使得它值得被討論一下。

   34. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

   [參考譯文] 我們生活在一種藥品(毒品)的醫(yī)學(xué)用途和社會用途都很廣泛的社會里： 一片用來止頭痛的阿斯匹林，一些用來社交的葡萄酒，早上自己提提神所喝的咖啡，一支用來定神的香煙。

   35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

   [參考譯文] 對藥品的依賴性首先表現(xiàn)為不斷增長的耐藥量，要產(chǎn)生想得到的效果所 需要的藥品劑量越來越大，然后表現(xiàn)為當(dāng)停止用藥后，令人不快的停藥癥狀的出現(xiàn)。

   36. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?"

   [參考譯文] 上星期參議員羅博特多爾質(zhì)問時(shí)代華納公司的高級管理人員們："難道這 就是你們希望能夠成就的事業(yè)?你們已經(jīng)出賣了自己的靈魂，但是難道你們還非要腐化我們的國家，威脅我們的孩子們嗎?"

   37. "The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column', "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be..."

   [參考譯文] "對任何一個(gè)民主社會的考驗(yàn)，"他在《華爾街雜志》的一個(gè)專欄文章中 寫到，"不在于它能夠多有效地控制各種意見的表達(dá)，而在于這個(gè)社會是否能給予思考和表達(dá)的盡可能廣泛的自由，不管有時(shí)候這種結(jié)果是多么的富有爭議或令人不快…"

   38. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.

   [參考譯文] 在-上個(gè)月的股東大會上關(guān)于搖滾歌詞的討論中，萊文宣稱說："音樂不是 社會問題的原因"，他甚至還以他的兒子為例。他的兒子是紐約州布朗克斯的一個(gè)教師，并用說唱音樂與學(xué)生們進(jìn)行溝通。

   39. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" of "a touch on the brakes" , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.

   [參考譯文] 有很多用于描述貨幣政策的詞匯，例如"輕踩剎車"以"操縱經(jīng)濟(jì)軟著 陸"，使貨幣政策聽起來像是一門精確的科學(xué)。沒有什么比這更遠(yuǎn)離實(shí)際情況的了。

   40. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since, conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.

   [參考譯文] 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們對英國和美國的有利的通貨膨脹數(shù)據(jù)尤其感到驚訝，因?yàn)閭?統(tǒng)的計(jì)量方法顯示兩國的經(jīng)濟(jì)，特別是美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)，幾乎沒有生產(chǎn)蕭條的時(shí)候。

   41. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

   [參考譯文] 很不幸，這最令人震驚的解釋有一點(diǎn)缺陷。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為世界經(jīng)濟(jì) 結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)有力的變化已經(jīng)結(jié)束了那個(gè)以經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和通貨膨脹的歷史關(guān)聯(lián)為基礎(chǔ)的舊的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式。

   42. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

   [參考譯文] 例如，阿斯旺大壩使得尼羅河不再洪水泛濫，但是它也奪去了埃及以前 所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥--這些換到的就是這么個(gè)疾病滋生的水庫，現(xiàn)在這個(gè)水庫積滿了淤泥，幾乎不能發(fā)電了。

   43. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training,

   [參考譯文] 企業(yè)重組的新方法--所有那些重新設(shè)計(jì)、縮小規(guī)模的做法--只是對一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體生產(chǎn)力做出了一方面的貢獻(xiàn)。這種經(jīng)濟(jì)還受許多其他因素的驅(qū)動(dòng)，比如結(jié)合設(shè)備和機(jī)械上的投資、新技術(shù)，以及在教育和培訓(xùn) 上的投資。

   44. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.

   [參考譯文] 他的同事邁克爾•比爾說，有太多的公司已經(jīng)用一種機(jī)械的方式實(shí)行公 司內(nèi)部的重新設(shè)計(jì)，在沒有充分考慮長期贏利的能力下削減了成本。

   45. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as "The Flight from S.cience and Reason" , held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Mis) information, which assembled last June near Buffalo.

   [參考譯文] 科學(xué)衛(wèi)士們在會議上也表述了他們的關(guān)注，比如1995年在紐約市舉行的 "逃離科學(xué)與理性"會議，以及去年6月在布法羅附近召開的"(錯(cuò)誤) 信息時(shí)代的科學(xué)"會議。

   46. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

   [參考譯文] 一項(xiàng)關(guān)于1996年新聞報(bào)道的調(diào)查顯示，反科學(xué)的標(biāo)簽還可以貼在許多其 他團(tuán)體身上，從提倡消滅最后存留的天花病毒的權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)，到鼓吹削減基礎(chǔ)研究經(jīng)費(fèi)的共和黨人(都被貼上了反科學(xué)的標(biāo)簽)。

   47. The 'true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.

   [參考譯文] 環(huán)境研究的先驅(qū)、斯坦福大學(xué)的保羅•厄爾里西認(rèn)為，科學(xué)真正的敵人 是那些對支持全球變暖、臭氧層損耗以及工業(yè)發(fā)展的其他后果的證據(jù)提出置疑的人。

   48. This development--and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting.

[參考譯文] 這種發(fā)展--以及其對美國政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)在未來幾年的潛在的強(qiáng)有力的影 響一一使得南部在全國人口普查中有史以來首次成為美國人口最密集的地區(qū)。

   49. Often they choose--and still are choosing--somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog.crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.

   [參考譯文] 他們常常選擇--現(xiàn)在依然這樣選擇--居住在那些氣候較為寒冷的地 區(qū)， 比如俄勒岡、愛達(dá)荷，還有阿拉斯加，為的是逃避煙霧、犯罪，以及"金州"(加利福尼亞)城市化進(jìn)程中的其他問題。

   50. As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970's, to 18.5 percent--little more than two thirds the 1960's growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.

   [參考譯文] 結(jié)果，加利福尼亞的人口增長率在20世紀(jì)70年代時(shí)下降到了18．5％一 一稍高于60年代增長率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。

   51. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.

   [參考譯文] 跟世界上的大多數(shù)火山不同的是，它們(熱點(diǎn))并不總是在由構(gòu)成地球 表面巨大漂流板塊之間的邊界上出現(xiàn)；相反，它們中有許多位于一個(gè)板塊較縱深的內(nèi)部。

   52. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior.

   [參考譯文] 攜帶這些大陸板塊的相對運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)能夠被詳細(xì)地表述出來，但是這些板 塊相對于另一些板塊的運(yùn)動(dòng)還不能輕易地解釋為它們相對于地球內(nèi)部的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

   53. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.

   [參考譯文]熱點(diǎn)不斷增長，逐漸成為裂縫；至少在某些情況下，整塊大陸有可能沿著這些裂縫徹底斷開。因而，熱點(diǎn)啟動(dòng)了大洋的形成。

   54. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of drug interactions, for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.

   [參考譯文] 盡管警告常常是適當(dāng)而且必須的--比如對于藥物相互作用的危險(xiǎn)提出 警告--許多警告還是按州或聯(lián)邦政府規(guī)定要求給出的，然而(我們) 并不清楚，如果顧客受到傷害時(shí)，這些警告是不是確實(shí)可以使得生產(chǎn)者和銷售者豁免責(zé)任。

   55. At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight--issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.

   [參考譯文] 與此同時(shí)，美國法律研究所--由一群法官、律師和理論專家組成，他 們的建議分量極重--發(fā)布了新的民事傷害法令指導(dǎo)方針，宣稱公司不必提醒顧客注意顯而易見的危險(xiǎn)，也不必連篇累牘地一再提請他們注意一些可能會出現(xiàn)的危險(xiǎn)。

   56. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.

   [參考譯文] 但是，在過去的一年間，軟件公司已經(jīng)開發(fā)出工具，使得公司可以直接 將信息"推出"給顧客，直接把營銷訊息傳遞給目標(biāo)顧客。

   57. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.

   [參考譯文] 像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon．com這樣的先驅(qū)網(wǎng)站表明，一個(gè)將交互性、 熱情服務(wù)和安全性合理結(jié)合以銷售同類商品的網(wǎng)址是可以吸引網(wǎng)上客戶 注意的。

   58. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.

   [參考譯文] 有些人為了學(xué)生的就業(yè)前景為教室里放置電腦而辯，有些人為教育的徹 底改革中更為廣泛的理由為教室里放置電腦而辯，這兩群人之間有一條無形的界線。

   59. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently access how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.

   [參考譯文] 我們更應(yīng)該具有的是作為美國公民的某種觀念，這個(gè)公民人物如果不能 很恰當(dāng)?shù)卣J(rèn)識到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影響，那么其公民特征就是不完整的。

   60. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.

   [參考譯文] 另外，在我們這么一個(gè)大國里，經(jīng)濟(jì)延展到這么多的州、涉及到這么多 的國際公司，因而要按照數(shù)量培養(yǎng)出所需的各類專業(yè)人員是不大可能的

   61.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.

   [參考譯文] 但是，對一個(gè)小部分學(xué)生來說，職業(yè)教育也是條可取的路徑。因?yàn)樵谄渌�因素相同的情況下，技能的嫻熟是得到工作與否的關(guān)鍵。

   62. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.

   [參考譯文] 他宣布自己反對使用這種非同尋常的畜牧繁殖技術(shù)來克隆人類，并下令 不準(zhǔn)聯(lián)邦政府基金用于做此類試驗(yàn)--盡管還沒有人建議這么做--他還請一個(gè)以普林斯頓大學(xué)校長哈羅得•夏皮羅為首的獨(dú)立的專家組在90 天內(nèi)向白宮匯報(bào)關(guān)于制定有關(guān)克隆人的國家政策的建議。

   63. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning".

   [參考譯文] 在5月17日的會議上所討論的這份建議書的序言草案中，夏皮羅提出， 專家組已經(jīng)達(dá)成廣泛共識，那就是"試圖通過成人細(xì)胞核克隆來制造人類幼兒的 做法在道德上是不可接受的"。

   64. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.

   [參考譯文] 因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)今的聯(lián)邦法律已經(jīng)禁止使用聯(lián)邦基金克隆胚胎(人類后裔在出生 前的最早階段)用于研究或者有意地威脅胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研究上將保持沉默。

   65. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.

   [參考譯文] 如果試驗(yàn)是像科學(xué)雜志上的報(bào)告所示的那樣如實(shí)地根據(jù)計(jì)劃規(guī)劃和實(shí)施的話，那么對管理層來說，期待研究能夠產(chǎn)生可以用金錢衡量的結(jié)果是完全合理的。

   66. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.

   [參考譯文] 審查者完全有理由相信，知道自己準(zhǔn)備做什么、怎么做的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該因?yàn)楸仨氁恢谎鄱⒅�收銀機(jī)，一只眼盯著顯微鏡而分散了注意力。

   67. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team."

   [參考譯文] 如果科學(xué)家對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)式樣的整齊劃一的要求就像他論文的寫作所反映的一 樣，那么管理層就不該因歧視研究者中的"思維與眾不同的人"，喜歡其中較為傳統(tǒng)的"善于團(tuán)隊(duì)合作"的思想者而受到指責(zé)了。