Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography – are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although “there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in the expression of them,” the writer cannot plead ignorance when his sources for ideas are challenged.

　　45.

　　The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and languages of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention.

　　The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement. All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume the responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty.

　　第三部分：詞匯

　　SECTION ONE

　　并列關(guān)系 and, and also, or, neither… nor…, either …or…, not only…but also…as well, similarly, likewise, in the same way, that is to say.

　　遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 moreover, What is more, furthermore, then, besides, in addition, additionally

　　因果關(guān)系 because, for, since, as, hence thus, so, consequently

　　轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 but, however, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately來(lái)源：www.examda.com

　　讓步關(guān)系 although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, no matter …

　　條件關(guān)系 if, only if, if only

　　for, on, with, by, in, of, upon , against , at, about, from, to, out, off, beyond, into, above, without, through, towards, over

　　lead come turn get go bring make set hold call take catch

　　SECTION TWO

　　a great/good of　 大量(的),許多(的)

    　a matter of　

　　above all　 首要,尤其

　　account for　 說(shuō)明(原因等)

　　add up to　 合計(jì),總計(jì)

　　after a while　 過(guò)了一會(huì),不久

　　ahead of　 在…前面,先于

　　ahead of schedule　 提前

　　ahead of time　 提前

　　all at once　 突然,同時(shí),一起

　　all but　 幾乎,差一點(diǎn);除…之外其余都

　　all of a sudden　 突然

　　all the same　 仍然,照樣的

　　all the time　 一直,始終

　　allow for　

　　along with　 與…一起

　　and so on/forth　 等等

　　and yet　 可是,然而

　　anything but　 除…以外任何事(物),根本不

　　apart from　 除去

　　around/round the clock　 晝夜不停的

　　arrive at　 達(dá)成,得出

　　as a matter of fact　 其實(shí),事實(shí)上

　　as a rule　 通常,照例

　　as far as/so far as　 原至,到…程度

　　as for　 至于,就…方面說(shuō)

　　as good as　 和…幾乎一樣,實(shí)際上等于

　　as if　 好像,仿佛

　　as long as/so long as　 只要,如果

　　as regards　 關(guān)于,至于

　　as though　 好像

　　as though　 好像,仿佛

　　as to　 至于,關(guān)于

　　as well　 也,又

　　as well as　 既…又,除…之外(還)

　　as yet　 到目前為止,到那時(shí)為止

　　as/so far as…be concerned　 就…來(lái)說(shuō)

　　aside from　 除…以外

　　ask after　 詢問(wèn),問(wèn)候

　　at (the) best　 充其量,至多

　　at (the) worst　 在最壞的情況下

　　at a loss　 困惑,不知所措

　　at a time　 每次,一次

　　at all　 完全,根本

　　at all costs　 不惜任何代價(jià),無(wú)論如何

　　at all events　 無(wú)論如何

　　at any rate　 無(wú)論如何,至少

　　at first sight　 乍一看,初看起來(lái)

　　at full tilt　 全速的,全力的

　　at hand　 在手邊,在附近,即將到來(lái)

　　at heart　 在內(nèi)心,實(shí)質(zhì)上

　　at home　 在家,在國(guó)內(nèi);自在,自如

　　at intervals 不時(shí),時(shí)時(shí)

　　at large　 一般,大體上

　　at last　 最終,終于

　　at least　 至少，最低限度

　　at leisure　 從容的，有空

　　at length　 終于,最后;詳細(xì)的

　　at most /at the most　 最多,至多,不超過(guò)

　　at no time　 從不,決不

　　at odor (with)　 (與)…不一致;差異,爭(zhēng)執(zhí)

　　at one time　 同時(shí),曾經(jīng),從前曾