SectionⅠ Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points )

　　Among the devastating consequences of AIDS has 1 its epidemic spread in the developing world. The disease has caused 2 suffering, debilitation, loss of life and disruption of family, social and economic 3. Because of the considerable expense and logistical difficulty in providing antiviral drugs to populations 4 with the human immunodeficiency virus 5 the world, the biomedical community is looking towards vaccines to help solve this compelling problem.

　　The search for an AIDS vaccine began more than 15 years ago with great 6 and high expectations. With the 7 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the cause of AIDS, it seemed that a 8 would follow closely behind. But despite a large concerted effort, the problem has proven more difficult than 9, and progress has not 10 the 11 hopes. Here I review the 12 scientific obstacles confronting the development of an effective HIV vaccine, and I consider 13 strategies to overcome these obstacles.

　　It is instructive to consider the circumstances that have 14 to past successes in vaccine development. The smallpox vaccine is 15 the most successful inventions in the history of 16. Why, 200 years ago, without the benefit of modern biotechnology, did the smallpox vaccine succeed so readily while an AIDS vaccine 17 elusive? The answer lies in an experiment of nature that provided, to an astute observer, a clear direction for smallpox vaccine development. In this classic story of 18 discovery, Edward Jennet noticed that milk maids who had previously contracted cowpox were 19 to smallpox infection. This observation was the critical event leading to the finding that the cowpox virus cross-reacted immunologically with the smallpox virus and could 20 be used to protect against smallpox.

　　1. A. on 　　B. with 　　C. been 　　D. about

　　2. A. unpredicted 　　B. uncontrollable 　　C. unimaginable 　　D. unprecedented

　　3. A. stability　　 B. instability 　　C. permanency　　 D. soundness

　　4. A. harmed　　 B. infected 　　C. infectious 　　D. infectable

　　5. A. everywhere 　　B. throughout　　 C. devastating 　　D. occupying

　　6. A. difficulty 　　B. concern 　　C. optimism 　　D. pessimism

　　7. A. confirmation　　 B. identification 　　C. information 　　D. precaution

　　8. A. cure 　　B. capsule 　　C. medication 　　D. vaccine

　　9. A. ever　　 B. anticipated 　　C. possible　　 D. necessary

　　10. A. surpassed　　 B. out-balanced　　 C. matched 　　D. rivaled

　　11. A. origin 　　B. initial 　　C. great　　 D. modest

　　12. A. majority 　　B. primary 　　C. principal　　 D. premier

　　13. A. potential 　　B. initiative 　　C. practical 　　D. existing

　　14. A. lead 　　B. caused 　　C. contributed 　　D. cooperated

　　15. A. by far 　　B. till now 　　C. among 　　D. considered

　　16. A. vaccine 　　B. medicine　　 C. smallpox 　　D. AIDS

　　17. A. slowly 　　B. fails 　　C. remains　　 D. counts

　　18. A. accidental 　　B. importanc　　 C. scientific　　 D. vaccine

　　19. A. vulnerable 　　B. resistant 　　C. opposing 　　D. defendant

　　20. A. safely 　　B. therefore 　　C. as well 　　D. possibly

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark you answers on ANSWER SHEETⅠ.(40 points)

　　Text 1

　　On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices "active" euthanasia: intentionally administering a lethal drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can effect an ultimate cure. "Active" euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books punishable by 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who carries it out will not be prosecuted.

　　Euthanasia, often called "mercy killing", is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. But more and more doctors and nurses in Britain, West Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily admit to practicing it, most often in the "passive" form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see themselves up-holding sacred principles of respect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years on the defensive, the advocates now seem to be gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of respondents to a poll taken late last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings.

　　Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. Europeans, like Americans, are now living longer. The average European male now lives to the age of 72, women to almost 80. As Derek Humphrey, a leading British advocate of "rational euthanasia" says, "lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death."

　　And so the euthanasists have begun to press their case with greater force. They argue that every human being should have the right to "die with dignity", by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization. Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia has argued that the right to die should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably ill, but the movement also includes a small minority who believe in euthanasia for anyone who rationally decides to take his own life.

　　That right is unlikely to get legal recognition any time in the near future. Even in the Netherlands, the proposals now before Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and would surround even those with elaborate safeguards.

　　21.According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is not true?

　　A."Active"euthanasia is regarded as a crime by Dutch law.

　　B.The doctor who carried out euthanasia will be charged.

　　C.An unqualified doctor carrying out euthanasia will be accused.

　　D."Active"euthanasia executives will be sentenced to 12 years imprisonment.

　　22.Euthanasia is often called"mercy killing", which implies that .

　　A.people should show sympathy for a terminally ill patient

　　B.some doctors murder patients shielding themselves from mercy

　　C.humane treatment to dying patients should be required

　　D.the dying patients are suffering from the pain and they don't want to live on

　　23.Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia hold the opinion that .

　　A.only terminally ill patients can have euthanasia

　　B.if anyone who rationally decides to end his life, he can have euthanasia

　　C.people should respect for life

　　D.no matter what punishment they get, they'll carry out euthanasia to patients

　　24.The author's attitudes towards euthanasia is .

　　A.positive　　B.negative　　C.objective　　D.uncertain

　　25.In Paragraph 2, "boiled over" means .

　　A.burst(into)　　　　　B.make the water hot enough to boil

　　C.cause great anger　　D.fight one another

　　Text 2

　　Bank of America, holding company for the San Francisco-based Bank of America, was once unchallenged as the nation's biggest banking organization. At its peak, it had more branches in California, 1,100 than the U.S. Postal Service. It was also a highly profitable enterprise. But since 1980, Bank of America's earnings have been down or flat. From March 1985 to March 1986, for example, earnings per share dropped 50.8 percent. Samuel H. Armacost, president and CEO, has confessed that he doesn't expect a turnaround soon.

　　Some of Bank of America's old magic seems to have rubbed off on New York's Citibank, perennial rival for top banking honors. Thanks to aggressive growth policies, Citicorp's assets topped Bank of America's for the first time in 1983 and by a healthy margin. Citibank has also been generating profits at a fast clip, enabling it to spend lavishly on campaigns to enter new markets-notably Bank of America's turf in California.

　　The bad times Bank of America is currently facing are partly the result of the good times the bank enjoyed earlier. Based in a large and populous state and operating in a regulated environment, Bank of America thrived. Before deregulation, banks could not compete by offering savers a higher return, so they competed with convenience. With a branch at every crossroads, Bank of America was able to attract 40 percent of the California deposit market a source of high earnings when the legal maximum payable to depositors was much lower than the interest on loans.

　　The progressive deregulation of banking forced Bank of America to fight for its customers by offering them competitive rates. But how could this mammoth bureaucracy, with its expensive overhead, offer rates as attractive as its loaner competitors? Pruning the establishment was foremost in the minds of Bank of America policymakers. But cutbacks have proceeded slowly. Although the bank is planning to consolidate by offering full services only in key branches, so far only about 40 branches have been closed. Cutbacks through attrition have reduced the work force from 83,000 to fewer than 73,000; wholesale layoffs, it seems, would not fit the tradition of the organization. And they would intensify the morale problems that already threaten the institution.

　　26�盇ccording to the passage, New York's Citibank .

　　A.is a dark horse in the field of banking

　　B.has been growing in a moderate way

　　C.has been making efforts to conquer the markets of Bank of America

　　D.has more branches than Bank of America now

　　27�盬hich of the following is NOT the reason for which Bank of America thrived?

　　A.It's turf California was a state with a large number of population.

　　B.The economic environment that was controlled by the government.

　　C.Its deposit rate was higher than that of other banks.

　　D.Its large amount of branches.

　　28�盩he phrase "mammoth bureaucracy" in Paragraph 4 refers to .

　　A.its expensive overhead　　B.its large amount of branches

　　C.its long history　　　　　D.corruption of its leaders

　　29�盢ow the most important factor for a bank to win in competition seems to be .

　　A.higher deposit rate　　　B.flexibility of capital

　　C.high banking honors　　D.support of the government

　　30�盬hich of the following conclusions can't be drawn from the passage?

　　A.The U.S. Postal Service had less than 1,100 branches in California a few decades before.

　　B.The profit of the Bank of America has been reducing since the 1980s.

　　C.The prospect of the Bank of America is not quite promising.

　　D.Moral problem is also a factor that leads to the decline of the Bank of America.

　　Text 3

　　Volcanic fire and glacial ice are natural enemies. Eruptions at glaciated volcanoes typically destroy ice fields, as they did in 1980 when 70 of Mount Saint Helens ice cover was demolished. During long dormant intervals, glaciers gain the upper hand cutting deeply into volcanic cones and eventually reducing them to rubble. Only rarely do these competing forces of heat and cold operate in perfect balance to create a phenomenon such as the steam caves at Mount Rainier National Park.

　　Located inside Rainier's two ice-filled summit craters, these caves form a labyrinth of tunnels and vaulted chambers about one and one-half miles in total length. Their creation depends on an unusual combination of factors that nature almost never brings together in one place. The cave-making recipe calls for a steady emission of volcanic gas and heat, a heavy annual snowfall at an elevation high enough to keep it from melting during the summer, and a bowl-shaped crater to hold the snow.

　　Snow accumulating yearly in Rainier's summit craters is compacted and compressed into a dense form of ice called firm, a substance midway between ordinary ice and the denser crystalline ice that makes up glaciers. Heat rising from numerous openings (called fumaroles) along the inner crater walls melts out chambers between the rocky walls and the overlying ice pack. Circulating currents of warm air then melt additional openings in the firm ice, eventually connecting the individual chambers and, in the larger of Rainier's the crater's, forming a continuous passageway the extends two-thirds of the Way around the crater's interior.

　　To maintain the cave system, the elements of fire under ice must remain in equilibrium, enough snow must fill the crater each year to replace that melted from below. If too much volcanic heat is discharged, the crater's ice pack will melt away entirely and the caves will vanish along with the snows of yesteryear. If too little heat is produced, the ice, replenished annually by winter snowstorms, will expand, pushing against the enclosing crater walls and smothering the present caverns in solid firm ice.

　　31.With what topic is the passage mainly concerned?

　　A.The importance of snowfall for Mount Rainier.

　　B.The steam caves of Mount Rainier's.

　　C.How ice covers are destroyed.

　　D.The eruption of Mount Saint Helens in 1980.

　　32.According to the passage, long periods of volcanic inactivity can lead to a volcanic cone's .

　　A.strong eruption　　B.sudden growth

　　C.destruction　　　　D.unpredictability

　　33.The second paragraph mentions all of the following as necessary elements in the creation of steam caves EXCEPT .

　　A.a glacier　B.a crater　　C.heat　　D.snow

　　34.According to the passage, heat from Mount Rainier's summit craters rises from .

　　A.crystalline ice　　B.firms　　C.chambers　　D.fumaroles

　　35.In the last line, "smothering" means .

　　A.eliminate　　B.enlarged　　C.prevented　　D.hollowed

　　Text 4

　　Languages will continue to diverge. Even if English were to become the universal language, it would still take many different forms. Indeed the same could happen to English as has happened to Chinese: a language of intellectuals which doesn't vary hugely alongside a large number of variants used by local peoples.

　　We will continue to teach other languages in some form, and not just for reasons of practicality. Learning a language is good for your mental health; it forces you to understand another cultural and intellectual system. So I hope British education will develop a more rational approach to the foreign languages available to students in line with their political importance. Because so many people believe it's no longer important to know another language, I fear that time devoted to language teaching in schools may well continue to decline. But you can argue that learning another language well is more taxing than, say, learning to play chess well—it involves sensitivity to a set of complicated rules, and also to context.

　　Technology will certainly make a difference to the use of foreign languages. Computers may, for instance, alleviate the drudgery that a vast translation represents. But no one who has seen a computer translation will think it can substitute for knowledge of the different languages. A machine will always be behind the times. Still more important is the fact that no computer will ever get at the associations beyond the words associations that may not be expressed but which carry much of the meaning. In languages like Arabic that context is very important. Languages come with heavy cultural baggage too—in French or German if you missed the cultural references behind a word you're very likely to be missing the meaning. It will be very hard to teach all that to a computer.

　　All the predictions are that English will be spoken by a declining proportion of the world's population in the 21st century. I don't think foreign languages will really become less important, but they might be perceived to be—and that would in the end be a very bad thing.

　　36.From the first paragraph we can infer that .

　　A�盓nglish is the universal language

　　B�盋hinese would become the universal language

　　C�盠anguages always take kinds of forms

　　D�盓nglish has no variants, but Chinese does

　　37.Which of the following is true?

　　A�盜f a language is not good for practicality, we can drop it.

　　B�盬e can understand another cultural and intellectual system by learning language.

　　C�盩ime devoted to language teaching has never declined.

　　D�盬e should spend more time in learning language than playing chess.

　　38.Why can't a computer translation substitute for knowledge of different languages? Because .

　　A�眂omputers can alleviate much drudgery

　　B�眂omputer is always behind the times

　　C�眂omputer can't get the inner meaning of words

　　D�眂omputer has no sensation

　　39.What does the author mean by "that would in the end be a very bad thing"?

　　A�盠ess and less people will use English.

　　B�盕oreign languages will become less important.

　　C�盕oreign languages will be perceived less important.

　　D�盬e must realize the importance of foreign languages.

　　40.Which is the best title of the passage?

　　A�盠earning Foreign Languages.

　　B�盠anguage Continuing to Diverge.

　　C�盩he Limitation of Technology in Learning Foreign Language.

　　D�盩he Inner Meaning of Words.

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

　　Even some ardent conservationists acknowledge that the diversity of life on Earth cannot be fully sustained as human populations expand use more resources nudge the climate and move weedlike pests and predators from place to place.

　　Given that some losses are inevitable, the debate among many experts has shifted to an uncomfortable subject—what level of loss is acceptable. The discussion is taking place at both the local and global levels.��41)______________________________. And as global biodiversity diminishes, is it a valid fallback strategy to bank organisms and genes in zoos, DNA banks or the like, or does this simply justify more habitat destruction? 42)_________________________________________. Some conservation groups have strenuously avoided or even attacked such calculations and strategies. They say there is no safe diminution of habitat as long as human understanding of ecology is as sketchy as it is a fallback strategy is unthinkable. Furthermore banking nature in a deep freeze or database of gene sequences cannot capture context. 43)_____________________. On the other side of the debate those considering what the smallest viable habitats are or how to expand archives as an insurance policy say that recent trends have proved that old conservation strategies are no longer sufficient. 44)_____________________________.

　　Twenty four years ago Dr. Thomas E. Lovejoy and other biologists began a remarkable experiment on the fast eroding fringe of rain forest near the Brazilian city of Manaus. They established 11 forest tracts ranging from 2.5 to 250 acres each surrounded by an isolating sea of pasture similar to what is advancing around most other tropical forests. Among the many findings an analysis published last week on birds in the lower layers of greenery found that it would take a fragment measuring at least 2 500 acres—10 times as large as the biggest one in the experiment—to prevent a decline of 50 percent in those bird varieties in just 15 years or so.

　　45)____________________________________________________________.

　　[A]For instance even if a vanished bird was someday reconstituted from its genes would it warble with the same fluency as its ancestors?

　　[B]"we're better off trying to preserve the diversity of what we have rather than trying to regenerate it in the future."

　　[C]The San Diego Zoo has its parallel Frozen Zoo an archive of thousands of DNA samples and cell lines from a host of species.

　　[D]Is nature on ice a sufficient substitute for the real thing?

　　[E]How small can a fragment of an ecosystem be and still function in all its richness,and thus be considered preserved?

　　[F]In the understated language of science the new study in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences concludes "This is unfortunate when one considers that for some species rich areas of the planet a large proportion of remaining forest is in fragments smaller than 2500 acres."

　　[G]A few decades ago the issue seemed fairly uncomplicated identify biological "hot spots" or species of concern and establish as many reserves as possible. But the picture has grown murky.

　　Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

　　46)To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind is prong, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error.

　　If the matter is one that can be settled by observation, make the observation yourself. 47)Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don't is a fatal mistake, to which we are all prone. I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles, because I have been told that they do; but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs, I should not commit myself until I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet. Aristotle, however, was less cautious. Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders; not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because he had never seen one of them.

　　Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. If, like most of mankind, you have occasional convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias.48)If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic, because in arithmetic there is knowledge, but in theology there is only opinion.49)So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants.

　　A good way of riding yourself of certain kinds of dogmatism is to become aware of opinions held in social circles different from your own. When I was young, I lived much outside my own country in France, Germany, Italy, and the United States. I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of insular prejudice.

　　For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage is that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. Mahatma Gandhi deplored railways and steamboats and machinery; he would have liked to undo the whole of the industrial revolution. You may never have an opportunity of actually meeting any one who holds this opinion, because in Western countries most people take the advantages of modern technique for granted. But if you want to make sure that you are right in agreeing with the prevailing opinion, you will find it a good plan to test the arguments that occur to you by considering what Gandhi might have said in refutation of them.50)I have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of imaginary dialogue, and, short of this, I have frequently found myself growing less dogmatic and cocksure through realizing the possible reasonableness of a hypothetical opponent.

　　Section Ⅲ Writing

　　Part A

　　51.Directions:

　　Suppose you are a teacher who is going to give a lecture to freshmen on how to enjoy university life. You need to write a note before giving the lecture. The note should include:

　　1)arrange your time properly

　　2)keep harmony with roommates and classmates

　　3)take an active part in societies

　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

　　Part B

　　52.Directions:

　　study the following picture carefully and write an essay to

　　1)describe the picture

　　2)give your comments on the phenomenon

　　3)suggest counter-measures

參　考　答　案

　　SectionⅠUse of English

　　1. C.been

　　has been表現(xiàn)在完成。其他選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成的搭配會(huì)使整句結(jié)構(gòu)不通。

　　2. D.unprecedented

　　史無前例的。艾滋病造成的損失并非無法控制或無法預(yù)測(cè)，也不是無法想像，只不過從前未曾有過這么大規(guī)模的損失。

　　3. B.instability

　　疾病導(dǎo)致社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)不穩(wěn)定，與前面的生命損失、巨大災(zāi)害是并列關(guān)系。

　　4. B.infected

　　被感染的；infectious不能與with搭配。

　　5. B.throughout

　　throughout the world修飾populations；C、D項(xiàng)只能修飾virus，填入后會(huì)導(dǎo)致句子成分不完整。

　　6. C.optimism

　　樂觀精神。由后文可知，開始研究時(shí)人們普遍比較樂觀。

　　7. B.identification

　　確認(rèn)了HIV是導(dǎo)致艾滋病的原體。尋找疫苗關(guān)鍵在于“確認(rèn)”。

　　8. D.vaccine

　　看起來疫苗應(yīng)該很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)。

　　9. B.anticipated

　　困難沒有必要性、可能性的比較，只是比預(yù)料的要多。

　　10. C.matched

　　match sth.與某物相符合。尋找疫苗的結(jié)果令人失望，并不是因?yàn)闆]有超額完成，而是沒有達(dá)到最初預(yù)想。

　　11. B.initial

　　最初的，事前的。結(jié)果令人失望，因?yàn)闆]有滿足最初希望。

　　12. C.principal

　　主要技術(shù)上的障礙，principal表示“主要的，首要的�！�

　　13. A.potential

　　潛在的解決問題的方法。因?yàn)榻鉀Q方案還沒有找到，所以只是潛在的，而不是最初的、實(shí)際的、或現(xiàn)有的。

　　14. C.contributed

　　有過促進(jìn)作用的。環(huán)境對(duì)科學(xué)技術(shù)上的成功只能是一種促進(jìn)而沒有決定性作用。

　　15. C.among

　　此題所選的詞應(yīng)與后文復(fù)數(shù)inventions一致，既然是多個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)，只能是其中之一。

　　16. B.medicine

　　vaccine不會(huì)有什么系統(tǒng)的歷史；AIDS與天花無關(guān)；用medicine：醫(yī)學(xué)上的重要發(fā)現(xiàn)是這個(gè)題目的最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　17. C.remains

　　重要在于理解elusive“捉摸不定的，無法把握的”，所以應(yīng)選remains.依然是不可捉摸（無法把握）。

　　18. C.scientific

　　classic story一般只對(duì)應(yīng)于較為嚴(yán)肅的領(lǐng)域。

　　19. B.resistant

　　具有抵抗性的。

　　20. B.therefore

　　此空格前是充分理由因果關(guān)系，故填“therefore”所以。

　　SectionⅡReading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Text 1

　　詞語注釋

　　lethal adj.致死的，致命的prosecute v.起訴，控訴

　　mantle n.蓋，罩，保護(hù)simmering adj.沸騰的，熱烈的

　　文章概要

　　本文主要講述了世界范圍內(nèi)安樂死的立法狀況及社會(huì)對(duì)安樂死的看法。

　　Para.1：安樂死在荷蘭的狀況。

　　Para.2：世界上針對(duì)安樂死的不同觀點(diǎn)的碰撞。

　　Para.3：多數(shù)人支持安樂死的原因。

　　Para.4：安樂死倡導(dǎo)者的主張。

　　Para.5：目前安樂死尚未取得法律的支持。

　　答案點(diǎn)評(píng)

　　21�盉這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段表達(dá)的意思，實(shí)行安樂死在荷蘭法律上是有罪的，但實(shí)際情況是，稱職的執(zhí)行“積極”安樂死術(shù)的醫(yī)生是不會(huì)受到起訴的。故A、C、D表達(dá)的內(nèi)容正確，選擇B.

　　22�盋這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第二段所表達(dá)的意思，“憐憫致死術(shù)”的主張者認(rèn)為應(yīng)高舉人道對(duì)待病人的大旗，使病人無痛苦，體面地離開世界。A、B項(xiàng)則從“mercy killing”的表面含義來理解，故錯(cuò)誤。D在文中沒有提及，不能確定為正確答案。

　　23�盇這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第四段說明了多數(shù)安樂死術(shù)倡導(dǎo)者主張，死亡權(quán)應(yīng)只給那些晚期不治之癥患者，故A符合其含義。B項(xiàng)只表達(dá)了主張安樂死的人中少數(shù)派的觀點(diǎn)，不能代表全體。C項(xiàng)表達(dá)了反對(duì)安樂死的人的觀點(diǎn)。D項(xiàng)則未在patients前加以限定，屬明顯錯(cuò)誤。

　　24�盋這是一道綜合推斷題。在全文中，作者只是非�？陀^地介紹了安樂死術(shù)的情況及其支持者和反對(duì)者的觀點(diǎn)。沒有滲入個(gè)人感情，故C正確。

　　25�盇此為一道詞匯猜測(cè)詞。根據(jù)原句“The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate，…”判斷出boiled over為“爆發(fā)了”之意。B項(xiàng)則使理解停留在詞匯表面，未能深挖內(nèi)涵。C、D項(xiàng)則偏離主題。

　　Text 2

　　詞語注釋

　　turnaround轉(zhuǎn)變

　　perennial長(zhǎng)期的

　　lavish浪費(fèi)的，濫用的

　　turf地盤

　　populous人口稠密的

　　deregulation取消對(duì)……的管制

　　mammoth巨大的

　　bureaucracy官僚制度，官僚主義（架構(gòu)）

　　overhead日常開支

　　attrition （人員）減少

　　layoff臨時(shí)解雇

　　文章概要

　　本文主要介紹了美國(guó)銀行以前成功和現(xiàn)在面臨困境的原因。

　　Para.1：分別介紹美國(guó)銀行1980年前和1980年后的情況。

　　Para.2：花旗銀行的興起。

　　Para.3：美國(guó)銀行成功的原因是它有著龐大的分支機(jī)構(gòu)來提供便利。

　　Para.4：美國(guó)銀行目前面臨困難的原因。

　　答案點(diǎn)評(píng)

　　26�盋據(jù)文中表述紐約花旗銀行是“perennial （長(zhǎng)期的）rival for top banking honors”可見A中“a dark horse”不對(duì)。從第二段中“Thanks to aggressive growth policies”可知B中“moderate”一詞不正確。D選項(xiàng)文中未提及，而且根據(jù)全文意思來推斷，也是不太可能的。而選項(xiàng)C可由第二段最后一句推出。

　　27�盋選項(xiàng)A、B、D都可在第三段中直接看出或推出，而根據(jù)第三段“Before deregulation， banks could not compete by offering savers a higher return”可見C有較高的存款利率是不可能的。

　　28�盉在前文中指出，美國(guó)銀行目前面臨困境的原因也就是它過去成功的原因，而上一段表明它成功是由于有龐大的分支機(jī)構(gòu)來提供便利，因此講面臨困難的原因時(shí)也是指過多的分支機(jī)構(gòu)，這一點(diǎn)在下文中也可看出。

　　29�盇從最后一段第一句“The progressive deregulation of banking forced Bank of America to fight for its customers by offering them competitive rates”可見利率在當(dāng)前競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中最為重要，至于B資金流動(dòng)性、C良好聲譽(yù)、D政府支持可能也是因素之一，但在作者看來，不是主要因素。

　　30�盉選項(xiàng)A可由第一段中“At its peak，it had more branches in California��1，100�瞭han the U.S. Postal Service”推出；選項(xiàng)C可由第一段中“…president and CEO，has confessed that he doesn't expect a turnaround soon”及最后一段對(duì)銀行目前狀況的描述看出，D可由文章最后一句表明。而第一段中“But since 1980 Bank of America’s earnings have been down or flat”可見收益雖無上升，但也不總是降的，因此B不對(duì)。

　　Text 3

　　詞語注釋

　　volcanic adj.火山的glacial adj.冰川的

　　rubble n.碎石crater n.火山口

　　labyrinth n.迷宮；曲徑vaulted adj.拱狀的，穹表的

　　recipe n.調(diào)制法；訣竅crystalline adj.結(jié)晶的；晶狀的

　　fumarole n. （火山區(qū)的）噴氣孔equilibrium n.平衡

　　replenish vt.裝滿；補(bǔ)充smother vt.厚厚地覆蓋著；使窒息

　　文章概要

　　本文主要講述了蒸汽洞的形成原理及過程。

　　Para.1：概述蒸汽洞的形成情況。

　　Para.2：Mount Rainier上蒸汽洞形成的條件。

　　Para.3：冰川與火山口相互作用形成蒸汽洞的具體過程。

　　Para.4：蒸汽洞的維持需要熱與雪在火山口的獨(dú)特平衡。

　　答案點(diǎn)評(píng)

　　31�盉文章說明了the steam caves of Mount Rainier形成的特殊情況與天氣、地理?xiàng)l件，這是文章的主旨所在。

　　32�盋這個(gè)問題討論的是一般情況下長(zhǎng)期的火山休眠可能帶來的結(jié)果，應(yīng)選C.出處見文章第一段“During long dormant intervals， glaciers gain the upper hand cutting deeply into volcanic cones and eventually reducing them to rubbles.”

　　33�盇The steam caves的形成需要熱和雪在火山坑處形成的獨(dú)特平衡，三者缺一不可，且量還不能多，不能少。

　　34�盌見第三段中“Heat rising from numerous openings （called fumaroles）”。

　　35�盇這是一個(gè)單詞理解題，同時(shí)也可結(jié)合文章意思作答。

　　Text 4

　　詞語注釋

　　alleviate減輕、緩和drudgery繁重、乏味的工作

　　文章概要

　　本文主要講述了外語學(xué)習(xí)的意義及其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。

　　Para.1：語言會(huì)產(chǎn)生許多變體。

　　Para.2：我們將繼續(xù)以某種形式教授外語，而且不僅是因?yàn)閷?shí)用。

　　Para.3：科技會(huì)影響外語的應(yīng)用，但計(jì)算機(jī)不能表示出語言的文化內(nèi)涵。

　　Para.4：學(xué)外語是很重要的。

　　答案點(diǎn)評(píng)

　　36�盋選項(xiàng)A原文“Even if English were to……”是假設(shè)情況，故A錯(cuò)。選項(xiàng)B“the same”指的是“take many forms”而不是假設(shè)的“become the universal language”。選項(xiàng)C由原文it could still take many different forms可知，注意選項(xiàng)中用kinds of替換了many different.由第一段最后一句可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)。

　　37�盉由第二段中第一句“not just for reasons of practicality”可知A錯(cuò)。由“it forces you to……intellectual system”可知B對(duì)。由“I fear that……continue to decline”可知“Time……h(huán)as been declined.”故C錯(cuò)。最后一句主要說Learning another language well is more taxing than learning to play chess well.并非要在learning language上花費(fèi)比playing chess更多的時(shí)間，故D錯(cuò)。

　　38�盋選項(xiàng)A是說計(jì)算機(jī)的作用，因而不對(duì)。B并非主要原因，由文中“still more important is the fact that……”可知C項(xiàng)最合適，D太大，原文也沒有提及。

　　39�盌選項(xiàng)A本身正確，但不是作者的意圖。選項(xiàng)B由原文中“I don‘t think foreign……”可知B錯(cuò)。選項(xiàng)C由原文中“they might be……”可知C錯(cuò)。選項(xiàng)D是作者的真實(shí)意圖。

　　40�盇B、C、D均較片面，不能概括全文，A項(xiàng)則是作者寫作本文的目的，最合適。

　　Part B

　　答案解析

　　41.E上文提到discussion，可知41，42均是其內(nèi)容，應(yīng)在D、E兩項(xiàng)中選擇，關(guān)鍵則在于安排其順序。下文提到，人類對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)還是一知半解的，那就不存在對(duì)棲息地的安全縮小，而后又說更何況把自然生態(tài)深凍起來是不可行的。由此可知，對(duì)應(yīng)下文的順序E應(yīng)在D之前，41、42均可得出答案。

　　42.D見41解析。

　　43.A上文說把自然生態(tài)深凍起來或?qū)⑵浯嫒牖�因序列�?shù)據(jù)庫并不能保存與其相關(guān)的背景。A項(xiàng)所舉的例子正是與上文一致的，本題重點(diǎn)在于理解舉例所要說明的意思。

　　44.G上文說舊的保護(hù)策略不再夠用了，下面自然而然要引出從前的情況和現(xiàn)在狀況的對(duì)比。G說的正是幾十年前實(shí)施保護(hù)政策的可行性和目前情況的復(fù)雜。

　　45.F上文提到的是一項(xiàng)關(guān)于熱帶雨林的實(shí)驗(yàn)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)是對(duì)它的總結(jié)。本題有許多關(guān)鍵詞，起到提示作用：forest，2500，acres.

　　文章大意：本文講的是人們?cè)诃h(huán)境保護(hù)上面臨的困境。地球上的生物多樣性應(yīng)該怎樣持續(xù)？新的條例下應(yīng)如何實(shí)施保護(hù)政策？作者介紹了人們?cè)谶@些問題上的研究情況。

　　Part C

　　參考譯文

　　46.避免人類容易出現(xiàn)的形形色色的愚蠢的主張，不需超人的才能。規(guī)定幾條簡(jiǎn)便的準(zhǔn)則，縱使不能幫你避免一切錯(cuò)誤，也能使你避免荒唐的錯(cuò)誤。

　　47.亞里斯多德其實(shí)只要請(qǐng)他的夫人張開嘴讓他數(shù)一數(shù)，就會(huì)避免犯這種錯(cuò)誤：女人的牙齒比男人少。

　　48.要是和你的意見相反的意見使你惱怒，這就是一種征兆，表明你潛意識(shí)里已認(rèn)識(shí)到自己沒有像平日那樣理智地考慮問題了。

　　49.因此每當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對(duì)某種不同的意見惱怒的時(shí)候，你就得警惕了。檢查后你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，你所確信的和證據(jù)所能證明的相差甚遠(yuǎn)。

　　50.通過這類設(shè)想的對(duì)話，我有時(shí)確實(shí)改變了我的見解，另外，由于認(rèn)識(shí)到假想的對(duì)手可能不無道理，我也就往往不那么固執(zhí)己見和過于自信了。

　　Section Ⅲ Writing

　　參考作文

　　51.

　　Enjoy your University Days

　　Audiences: Freshmen

　　Time: 3 p.m. Tuesday

　　Place: Room 4305

　　Contents:

　　I. Be the master of your time.

　　1. making a timetables

　　a.timetable for the day

　　b.timetable for the week

　　c.timetable for the semester

　　2. Make sure you're carrying out the timetable

　　a. If something disturbed your plan, try to make it up later.（e.g. friends visiting, suddenly can't concentrate on books.etc.）

　　b. check everyday, every week and every month

　�、�. Getting on well with friends.

　　1. Always be open-minded and warm-hearted.

　　2.Don't talk about other's at his back.

　　3.In case of conflicts or misunderstandings:

　　a.put your foot in the other's shoes

　　b.keep calm and express your idea to the other

　�、�. Societies at school are your second teachers.

　　1.A good chance to challenge yourself.

　　2.An effective way for you to make more friends.

　　3. You are encouraged to take part in.

　　52.

　　As is shown in the drawing we may see that the whole city has been filled with varied boring advertisements. With the rapid flourishing of advertising nowadays, people find themselves exposed to various advertisements that nearly blanket everywhere.

　　To some extent, advertisement has become an indispensable part of our everyday life. It may effectively guide our consumption in the product market of every hue. Just for this reason the enterprises will try their utmost to compete in the field of advertising. However, as the competition drives the manufacturers crazy, advertising campaign starts to lose its bearings, advertisements of poor quality and even false advertisements emerge.

　　So large sum of poor advertisements has terribly devastated our national culture. As we all know, a excellent nation without splendid culture can never go far, splendid national culture requires high-quality advertisements.

　　While we walk on the street and see that nearly all the writings on board are "Haveyou eaten today" "Have you drunken today", nobody can hardly believe that our culture is becoming impoverished. Besides this aspect, in my opinion, low-quality advertisements won't be able to accomplish their function of promotion yet. What's much worse will be the deterioration of living condition that various advertisements have brought us. Thousands of billboards occupy the road for pedestrains and cars, innumerable leaflets are pasted at any corner available. It acts like that our cities have been wrapped in advertisements of every description. The living space is gradually diminishing, and graceful environment has been cruelly polluted.

　　The situation is demanding for us to take effective actions. First of all, advertising law should be strictly applied to keep the advertising under proper control. Besides, we have to enrich our culture in design, and broaden the vision of adverting to create outstanding works.