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pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. Scientific creationism, which is being pushed by some for equal time in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard scientific creationism as bad science and bad religion. The first four chapters of Kitcher's book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior. Kitcher is philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: This book stands for reason itself. And so it does-and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate. 67. Creationism in the passage refers to ________. �。ˋ)evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe �。˙)a notion of the creation of religion �。–)the scientific explanation of the earth formation �。―)the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe 68. Kitcher's book is intended to ________. �。ˋ)recommend the views of the evolutionists (B)expose the true features of creationists �。–)curse bitterly at this opponents �。―)launch a surprise attack on creationists 69. From the passage we can infer that ________. �。ˋ)reasoning has played a decisive role in the debate �。˙)creationists do not base their argument on reasoning (C)evolutionary theory is too difficult for non-specialists �。―)creationism is supported by scientific findings 70. This passage appears to be a digest of ________. (A)a book review �。˙)a scientific paper �。–)a magazine feature �。―)a newspaper editorial 答案及試題解析 67.(D) 意為:關(guān)于宇宙起源的虛假理論。 意為:揭露了造物主義理論的真實(shí)面目。 意為:造物主義的論點(diǎn)不是建立在推理之上的。 [大綱詞匯] rumor/ rumour n.傳聞,謠言 [經(jīng)典例句] Rumor has it that more than 20 people died in the accident. [大綱詞匯] pipeline n.管道,管線 [大綱詞匯] enlighten v.啟發(fā),啟蒙,教導(dǎo) [衍生詞匯] enlightened a.開明的,有知識的,文明的 enlightening a.有啟迪作用的enlightenment n.開明,啟發(fā) unenlightened a.未受啟發(fā)的,愚昧無知的,落后的 [經(jīng)典例句] He regarded most people as unenlightened. [大綱詞匯] citizen n.公民;市民,平民 [衍生詞匯] citizenry n.〔總稱〕公民;市民;老百姓 [大綱詞匯] cosmic a.宇宙的 [衍生詞匯] cosmology n.宇宙論,宇宙哲學(xué) [大綱詞匯] geology n.地質(zhì)學(xué) [大綱詞匯] biology n.生物學(xué) [大綱詞匯] consistent a.(with)前后一致的,始終如一的 [經(jīng)典例句] What he said was consistent with what he did. [大綱詞匯] unify n.使聯(lián)合;使同意;使相同,使一致 [經(jīng)典例句] It is their strong wish that the country should be unified. 11. constantly [大綱詞匯] constant a.經(jīng)常的,不斷的;堅(jiān)定的;永恒的;忠實(shí)的 [衍生詞匯] constantly ad.經(jīng)常地,不斷地 [經(jīng)典例句] The world is changing constantly. [大綱詞匯] virtual a.實(shí)際上的,事實(shí)上的 [衍生詞匯] virtually ad實(shí)際上,事實(shí)上 [經(jīng)典例句] The city virtually disappeared in the tornado. [大綱詞匯] major a.(較)大的,(較)重要的 n.專業(yè),主修科目;專業(yè)學(xué)生,少校v. (in)主修,專攻 majority n.多數(shù),大多數(shù) [經(jīng)典例句] The majority of the Senate voted against the motion. [大綱詞匯] fundamental a.基礎(chǔ)的,基本的;n.[pl.]基本原則,基本原理 [衍生詞匯] fundamentalist n.原教旨主義者 nonfundamentalist n.非原教旨主義者 [經(jīng)典例句] The mayor give his guest a brief introduction to his city. [大綱詞匯] takeoff 拿走;脫下;起飛 [經(jīng)典例句] He helped the old lady to take off her coat. [大綱詞匯] beat v.打,敲;打敗,戰(zhàn)勝;(心臟等)跳動,搏動 n.敲打,敲擊聲,節(jié)拍;(心臟等)跳動,搏動 [衍生詞匯] beating n.拍打,捶打;打敗 [經(jīng)典例句] The Russian troop gave a good beating to their enemy. [大綱詞匯] tactics n.策略,戰(zhàn)術(shù) [經(jīng)典例句] This is a fairly common tactics among junior executive. [大綱詞匯] extent n.廣度,寬度,長度;程度,限度 [經(jīng)典例句] What he did exceeded the extent of his authority. [大綱詞匯] deceive v.欺騙,蒙蔽 [衍生詞匯] deception n.欺騙,蒙蔽 [經(jīng)典例句] He was furious at the deception of his friends. [大綱詞匯] distort v.歪曲,扭曲 [衍生詞匯] distortion n.歪曲,扭曲,變形 [經(jīng)典例句] What we have heard is a total distortion of facts. [大綱詞匯] motive n.動機(jī),目的 [衍生詞匯] motivation n.提供動機(jī);動力,誘因,刺激 [經(jīng)典例句] The child has not found any motivation for learning. [大綱詞匯] philosopher n.哲學(xué)家,哲人 philosophy n.哲學(xué) [經(jīng)典例句] He failed in part because of his carelessness. [大綱詞匯] clarity n.清晰,明晰 clarify v.澄清,闡明 [經(jīng)典例句] I remembered the scene with complete clarity. [大綱詞匯] effective a.有效的,生效的 [衍生詞匯] effectiveness n.有效 [經(jīng)典例句] No one doubts the effectiveness of the drug. [大綱詞匯] specialist n.專家 specialize v. ( in)專攻,專門研究,專業(yè)化 specialty n.特性,特質(zhì);專業(yè),專長 [衍生詞匯] nonspecialist非專家 [大綱詞匯] notion n.概念,想法,意念,看法,觀點(diǎn) [經(jīng)典例句] Her notion of rural life is a lot of sunshine and fun. [經(jīng)典例句] His behavior in its true sense has showed his indifference to others. [大綱詞匯] opponent n.對手,反對者,敵手;a. 二對立的,對抗的 [經(jīng)典例句] His opponents claimed that he had accepted bribes. [大綱詞匯] review v.回顧;復(fù)習(xí);n.回顧;復(fù)習(xí);評論 [經(jīng)典例句] His performance got mixed reviews. [大綱詞匯] editorial n.社論 |
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