Section I Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.

　　Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass pided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be pided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

　　While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.

　　Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.

　　1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured

　　2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome

　　3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore

　　4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example

　　5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern

　　6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of

　　7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies

　　8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part

　　9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward

　　10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless

　　11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste

　　12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay

　　13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant

　　14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency

　　15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored

　　16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated

　　17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only

　　18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded

　　19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies

　　20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without

　　Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest unpided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?

　　[A]A big house

　　[B]A special tour

　　[C]A stylish car

　　[D]A rich meal

　　22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is

　　[A]critical

　　[B]supportive

　　[C]sympathetic

　　[D]ambiguous

　　23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that

　　[A]consumers are sometimes irrational

　　[B]popularity usually comes after quality

　　[C]marketing tricks are after effective

　　[D]rarity generally increases pleasure

　　24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money

　　[A]has left much room for readers’criticism

　　[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

　　[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us

　　[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement

　　25. This text mainly discusses how to

　　[A]balance feeling good and spending money

　　[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries

　　[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent

　　[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries

　　Text 2

　　An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.

　　We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.

　　Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.

　　26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.

　　[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high

　　[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect

　　[C] our need for leadership is unnatural

　　[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective

　　27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______

　　[A] rapid watching

　　[B] conscious choice

　　[C] intuitive response

　　[D] automatic self-defence

　　28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______

　　[A] underestimate their insecurities

　　[B] believe in their attractiveness

　　[C] cover up their depressions

　　[D] oversimplify their illusions

　　29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.

　　[A]instinctively

　　[B]occasionally

　　[C]particularly

　　[D]aggressively

　　30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can _____.

　　[A]present their dishonest profiles

　　[B]define their traditional life styles

　　[C]share their intellectual pursuits

　　[D]withhold their unflattering sides

　　Text 4

　　When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.

　　Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.

　　Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.

　　The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.

　　There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.

　　Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.

　　But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.

　　36. The author believes that the housing sector__

　　[A] has attracted much attention

　　[B] involves certain political factors

　　[C] shoulders too much responsibility

　　[D] has lost its real value in economy

　　37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__

　　[A] increased its home supply

　　[B] offered spending opportunities

　　[C] suffered government biases

　　[D] disappointed the government

　　38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.

　　[A] allow greater government debt for housing

　　[B] stop local authorities from building homes

　　[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt

　　[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast

　　39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.

　　[A]lower the costs of registered providers

　　[B]lessen the impact of government interference

　　[C]contribute to funding new developments

　　[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities

　　40. The author believes that after 2015,the government may______.

　　[A]implement more policies to support housing

　　[B]review the need for large-scale public grants

　　[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme

　　[D]stop generous funding to the housing sector

　　Section III Translation

　　Directions:

　　Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

　　Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.

　　Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.

　　Section IV Writing

　　Part A

　　47. Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to

　　1)tell him about your living habits, and

　　2)ask for advice about living there.

　　You should write about 100 words on answer sheet.

　　Do not use your own name.

　　Part B

　　48. Directions: Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

　　You should

　　1. interpret the chart, and

　　2. give your comments.

　　You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)

　　Text 2

　　26.【答案】A our self-ratings are unrealistically high

　　【解析】題目問"根據(jù)第一段，社會心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?"對應(yīng)于文章第一 段第三句"社會心理學(xué)家對所謂的‘高于均數(shù)效應(yīng)’或者‘虛幻的優(yōu)越感’進(jìn)行大量的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)我們中70%的人認(rèn)為自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力在平均水平之上……—這些數(shù)據(jù)明顯都是不可能的。"由此可知，我們對自己評價過高。故答案為[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high。

　　27.【答案】C intuitive response

　　【解析】題目問"視覺識別被認(rèn)為是人們的什么?"對應(yīng)于文章第三段第三句"視覺識別是自動的心理過程，這個過程依靠直覺快速發(fā)生，且并不是故意的。"由此可知，視覺識別被認(rèn)為是人們的直覺反應(yīng)。故答案為[C] intuitive response。

　　28.【答案】B believe in their attractiveness

　　【解析】題目問"Epley發(fā)現(xiàn)有更高自尊的人傾向于怎樣"。對應(yīng)到第四段，第二句講到"沒有證據(jù)顯示那些自我提升最多的人這樣做是為了掩飾自己的不安全，接著講到：事實(shí)上，那些認(rèn)為自己的形象高于吸引力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人就是那些表現(xiàn)出更高自尊的人，故答案為[B] believe in their attractiveness。

　　29.【答案】[A] instinctively

　　【解析】題目問"最接近viscerally的意思的是?"。對應(yīng)到第五段，viscerally所在句講到"許多人討厭照片中的自己，從某種層面上說，他們甚至不承認(rèn)照片中的人是他們自己。"而下文又講到facebook是自我拔高者的天堂，在那里人們可以分享最滿意的的照片。"由此可知，viscerally在本句中是"本質(zhì)上地"意思，故答案為[A] instinctively。

　　30.【答案】[D]withhold their unflattering sides

　　【解析】題干問"我們可以推理出臉書(facebook)之所以是一個自我拔高者的天堂，是因?yàn)槿藗兛梢宰鍪裁?"對應(yīng)于文章最后一段的第二句，該句講到"在臉書(facebook)中，人們可以分享最滿意的照片。"下文接著講到"不是人們不誠實(shí)，而是人們展示了自己最理想的形象。"故答案為 [D]withhold their unflattering sides。

　　Text 4

　　36.【答案】[B] involves certain political factors

　　【解析】 根據(jù)本題題干中的關(guān)鍵詞housing sector可以對應(yīng)到文章的第二段， 中間說的很多，我們注意到最后有but出現(xiàn)，最后應(yīng)該是作者真正想要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)，另外這里用了the most significant 最高級，所以最后這個是最重要的一個原因，politically charged和選項(xiàng)B的political factors有對應(yīng)關(guān)系，故選B involves certain political factors。

　　A項(xiàng)的吸引注意沒有提及，C項(xiàng)的承擔(dān)太多責(zé)任，原文說的shoulder the blame，D項(xiàng)說的喪失價值，原文說的是不善于表明真正價值，兩者不一致，故排除。

　　37.【答案】[C] suffered government biases

　　【解析】經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房曾受到政府的偏見。答案定位到文章第三段最后一句話It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need. 政府需要把歷史的偏見放在一邊并且采取一些策略解決我們迫切的住房需求。Suffered 是過去式，是對于原文history 的同義反復(fù)，biases 是對原文prejudices的同義反復(fù)。

　　38.【答案】[A] allow greater government debt for housing

　　【解析】根據(jù)人名George Osborne定位得知，此人將會讓當(dāng)?shù)卣�府用來償還建房借貸的限額變得更加寬松，并且在借貸限額放寬的情況下，將會另有60,000所房屋在未來的五年中建立，并由此拉動國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的百分之零點(diǎn)六。因此A(允許更大的政府的建房借貸)是正確的，而B(禁止當(dāng)?shù)卣�府建�?，C(準(zhǔn)備減少建房借貸)，D(發(fā)布國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長的預(yù)報)都與原文意思不符。

　　39.【答案】[C] contribute to funding new developments

　　【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)文章題干定位到第五段，題干考察的是對穩(wěn)定的租賃環(huán)境的理解。A項(xiàng)的意思是"減少注冊供應(yīng)者的成本"，其中"成本一詞"并未在文中出現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。B項(xiàng)的意思是"減少政府接介入的影響"，其中"政府介入"并未在文中出現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。B項(xiàng)的意思是"有助于為新發(fā)展提供資金支持"，其中"為新發(fā)展提供資金支持"對應(yīng)文中的"fund new developments";C選項(xiàng)中的"contribute to"(意思是有助于)對英文中的have a significant impact(意思是有重要影響)，符合正解的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)原則，所以是正確選項(xiàng)。

　　40.【答案】[D] stop generous funding to the housing sector

　　【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第三行�？疾斓氖�2015年以后政府的可能性動作。A項(xiàng)的意思是"推行更多的政策來支持住房"與原文意義相反。B項(xiàng)的意思是重新審視大規(guī)模公共撥款的需求，與原文倒數(shù)第二段意義相違背。C項(xiàng)的意思是更新可負(fù)擔(dān)的住房撥款項(xiàng)目并沒有提到renew一詞。D項(xiàng)的意思是停止對住房部門的大額資助，與原文的倒數(shù)第二句相匹配，故為正確選項(xiàng)。

　　Section III Translation

　　46.

　　【參考譯文】

　　【參考譯文】

　　大多數(shù)人愿意把樂觀定義為無盡的歡樂，就像一只總是裝著半杯水的杯子。但那是一種絕不會為積極心理學(xué)家所推薦的虛假快樂。哈佛大學(xué)的Tal Ben-Shahar教授說，“健康的樂觀主義，意味著要處于現(xiàn)實(shí)之中。”在Ben-Shahar看來，現(xiàn)實(shí)的樂觀主義者，會盡最大努力做好一件事，而不是相信每件事都會有最好的結(jié)果。

　　Ben-Shahar 會進(jìn)行三種樂觀方面的練習(xí)。比如說，當(dāng)他進(jìn)行了一次糟糕的演講，感到心情郁悶的時候，他會告訴自己這是人之常情。他會提醒自己：并不是每一次演講都可以獲得諾貝爾獲，總會有一些演講比其它演講效果差。接著是重塑，他分析了這個效果不好的演講，并且從那些起作用和不起作用的演講中吸取教訓(xùn)為將來做準(zhǔn)備。最后，需要有這樣一種觀點(diǎn)，那就是承認(rèn)，在廣闊的生命當(dāng)中，一次演講根本算不上什么。

　　Section IV Writing

　　Part A

　　47. Directions:

　　Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with john a local student ,write

　　him an email to

　　1)tells him, about your living habit ,and

　　2)ask for advice for living there

　　Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.

　　Do not write the address. (10 Points)

　　Dear John,

　　I am Li Ming who will go to study in your university and live together with you in one department. Now I am writing this letter to tell you some of my habits and ask you for some suggestions to adapt myself there.

　　To begin with, I usually get up early in the morning at six o’clock and then go out to do some exercise. To continue, I would like to spend my spare time in reading in the library. Meanwhile, I wonder if you could be so kind to offer me some proposals on how to get used to the life there.

　　I am looking forward to seeing you soon and wish everything goes well.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Ming

　　48. Directions:

　　Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should

　　1) interpret the chart, and

　　2) give your comments.

　　You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)

　　What is clearly presented in the above chart is the different numbers of urban residents and rural population among 1990,2000 and 2010.The number of urban residents climbed steadily from 300 million in 1990 to 660 million or so in 2010，while rural population decreased slightly from about 820 million to 680 million or so in the same period.

　　It is not difficult to come up with some possible factors accounting for this trend. On the one hand, with the rapid development of economy and society, people in mounting numbers crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living and the excitement of urban life recently. On the other hand, the economy in the rural districts is comparative less developed and thus the opportunity to make money and pursue their future is as well lean. As a result, an increasing number of folks are trying to escape this destiny by flocking into the urban areas.

　　Given the analyses above, I firmly believe that such established trend will surely continue for quite a while in the forthcoming years and due importance should be attached to this evident situation.

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