In ancient time the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
　　 In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor‘s degree.
　　 Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by a electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like ma chines.
　　 One type of test is sometimes called "objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.
　　 1. Which of the following statements is true about the students in the Middle Ages?
　　 A. They took objective tests.
　　 B. They specialized in one subject.
　　 C. They were timed by electrical clocks.
　　 D. They usually took spoken tests.
　　 2. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that _______.
　　 A. workers now take examinations
　　 B. the population had grown rapidly
　　 C. there are only written exams today
　　 D. examinations are now written and timed
　　 3. During a(an) _______ test, students must select answers.
　　 A. personal
　　 B. objective
　　 C. spoken
　　 D. written
　　 4. Modern industry must have developed ________.
　　 A. before the Middle Ages
　　 B. around the 19th century
　　 C. in Greece or Rome
　　 D. machines to take tests
　　 5. It may he concluded from the passage that testing ________.
　　 A. should test only opinions
　　 B. should always be written
　　 C. has changed since the Middle Ages
　　 D. is given only in factories
　　 答案：D D B B C