not nearly (=by no means,far from) 遠(yuǎn)不
例1: The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.
譯文:食品供應(yīng)將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)趕不上人口的增長,這就意味著我們在糧食的生產(chǎn)和購銷方面正面臨危機(jī)。
注:1) this是指上面提到的“到21世紀(jì)初世界人口將增加到60億或70億”。2) 又如:There are not nearly enough people here to do the job.(這里的人手遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)工作。)
“更不用說”的表示法:
much less
still less
以上兩短語引導(dǎo)的詞組或從句,表示一種追加的否定,less是由little的比較級,所以這兩個(gè)詞組只能用于否定句中,可譯為“更不用說,更不必說”。
to say nothing of
not to speak of
not to mention
let alone
這四個(gè)詞組也意為 “更不用說”,也是一種追補(bǔ)的說法。但它們與much less和still less有所不同。這些詞組可以隨前一句的意思而定,即前一句是肯定,則追加的也是肯定意義;如果前一句是否定,則追加的是否定意義
例1:I could not agree to, much less participate in such proceedings.
譯文:我不能同意這種行為,更談不上參加這些行動了。
例2:He knows little of mathematics, and still less of chemistry.
譯文:他幾乎不懂?dāng)?shù)學(xué),更不用說化學(xué)了。
例3:I did not even see him, still less (= much less) shake hands with him.
譯文:我看也沒有看見過他,哪里還談得上同他握手呢?
例4:In old China, here was hardly any machine-building industry, to say nothing of an electronic industry.
譯文:在舊中國,幾乎沒有什么機(jī)器制造工業(yè),更不用說電子工業(yè)了。
例5:Sally takes singing and dancing lessons, to say nothing of swimming and tennis lessons.
譯文:莎莉?qū)W了唱歌和舞蹈課,而且還學(xué)了游泳和網(wǎng)球課。
例6:At that time they could not afford the ordinary comforts of life, not to speak of luxuries.
譯文:那時(shí)他連普通生活都不能維持,更不要說奢侈品了。
例7:They have three fine sons, not to speak of their two 1ovely daughters.
譯文:他們有了三個(gè)好兒子,而且還有兩個(gè)可愛的女兒。
例8:I don‘t know algebra or geometry,not to mention calculus.
譯文:我連代數(shù)、幾何都不懂,更不必說微積分了。
例9:A11 they have to do is press a button,and they can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.
譯文:他們所要做的只是按一下電鈕,就能看到各種戲劇、電影、歌劇和各式各樣的演出,而且還能看到各種政治辯論和最近舉行的激動人心的足球賽。
例10:I can’t add two and two, let alone do fractions.
譯文:我連2加2都不會,更不要說做分?jǐn)?shù)題了。
注意:美國成語詞典認(rèn)為let alone只能用于追加的否定。但是,有的詞典認(rèn)為,該短語也可以引導(dǎo)追加的肯定。例如:There were five people in the car, let alone the luggage and the two dogs.
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