一、英譯漢解題四步法

第一步，結(jié)構(gòu)分析；

第二步，句子切分；

第三步，詞義推敲；

第四步，檢查核對(duì)。

從句分為名詞性從句、狀語從句和定語從句，名詞性從句其中的主語從句、表語從句和賓語從句它的基本方法是不需要進(jìn)行過多的處理，關(guān)鍵是當(dāng)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是有實(shí)際意義的，我們需要在翻譯中把它還原到這個(gè)句子中本來的位置。

同位語從句的翻譯方法，它和定語從句的方法基本一致，短時(shí)把它處理成它的中心詞，如果長的時(shí)候把它分成兩個(gè)句子，也可以用“那就是、這就是、也就是說”這樣的表示重復(fù)的方法來進(jìn)行拆分。

在英語中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)省略，而漢語中經(jīng)常需要把省略的東西補(bǔ)充全。英語中有很多抽象的詞，而漢語中比較具體，在翻譯的過程中經(jīng)常需要加上一些表示范疇的詞。

There be句型經(jīng)常翻譯成“有”，如果這里有一個(gè)表示地點(diǎn)的狀語，我們經(jīng)常把狀語作為漢語的主語。

對(duì)于倒裝句的翻譯方法基本上是把它按正常語序來進(jìn)行翻譯。

二、真題舉例分析

Directions：

Read the following passage carefully and then translate underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

According to the new school of scientists， technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71)Science moves forward， they say， not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) “In short，” a leader of the new school contends， “the scientific revolution， as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.” (73)Over the years， tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo， Newton， Maxwell， Einstein， and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to， and derived great benefit from， craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.

The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes， genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo''s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy， an astronomer of the second century， whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74) Galileo''s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story， according to the new school of scientists， was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses.

Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75) Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

71.他們(新學(xué)派科學(xué)家們)說，科學(xué)的發(fā)展與其說源于天才偉人的真知灼見，還不如說源于改進(jìn)了的技術(shù)和工具等等更為普通的東西。

72.新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說：“簡而言之，我們所稱謂的科學(xué)革命，主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用，這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展的范圍無所不及�！�

73.工具和技術(shù)本身作為根本性創(chuàng)新的源泉多年來在很大程度上被科學(xué)史學(xué)家和科學(xué)思想家們忽視了。

74.伽里略的比較光輝的業(yè)績在于他在1609年第一個(gè)把新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)準(zhǔn)天空，以證實(shí)行星是圍繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)，而不是圍繞地球旋轉(zhuǎn)。

75.政府究竟是以減少對(duì)技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方看作是驅(qū)動(dòng)的力量。