閱讀作為考研英語分?jǐn)?shù)比值比較大的部分，歷來都是考生們備戰(zhàn)考研英語的制勝真經(jīng)。然而，這部分分?jǐn)?shù)卻讓不少考生“望分興嘆” 。事實(shí)上，它并沒有考生們認(rèn)為的那么難，只要掌握了閱讀理解的解題“必殺技”，就可以攻破出題人的“拳數(shù)套路” 。下面以一篇與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)的篇目為例，教你掌握閱讀理解解題“必殺技”，讓我們先從傳統(tǒng)閱讀開始。

傳統(tǒng)閱讀 經(jīng)濟(jì)篇

對(duì)于考研閱讀試題，由于客觀試題本身對(duì)選項(xiàng)的要求——解的唯一性和選項(xiàng)間的不可爭(zhēng)議性。而社會(huì)科學(xué)本身不同于自然科學(xué)，有非常明確的界限。命題人為了避免兩者之間的沖突，所選文章通常具有以下兩大特點(diǎn)：

1.文章中心單一、突出，即整個(gè)文章的說明或論述均緊緊圍繞一個(gè)中心進(jìn)行。

2.作者對(duì)所描述或論述的事物持有的態(tài)度褒貶分明(當(dāng)然，客觀描述某些事件的態(tài)度除外，因?yàn)樽髡邞B(tài)度是客觀的，就不會(huì)有個(gè)人的褒貶之態(tài))。

文章的這兩大特點(diǎn)也構(gòu)成了考生在正確答題時(shí)的兩條宏觀主線(通常考生把握這兩點(diǎn)足以保證拿下閱讀試題中70%以上的分?jǐn)?shù))。

如：

When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero is not biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I'm a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle--brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too，” she says.

Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealer-ships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.

Consumers say they are not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied(a.狂亂的) overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says John Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.

Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential homebuyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers would not mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting. (2004.P3)

51. By “Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means .

A. Spero can hardly maintain her business

B. Spero is too much engaged in her work

C. Spero has grown out of her bad habit

D. Spero is not in a desperate situation

【解答過程】解題思路一：

從文章中各種帶有感情色彩的短語“don't sound any alarms”，“only concerned, not panicked”，“remain optimistic”，“not in despair”，“still feel pretty good”，“feel pretty comfortable”和“still be worth toasting”，我們可以看到，作者及美國人對(duì)整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不景氣持樂觀態(tài)度。A項(xiàng)Spero幾乎不能維持他的生意了。如果商業(yè)到了這般狀況，人們還會(huì)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)樂觀得起來嗎？A違背了文中的基本態(tài)度，排除。B項(xiàng)Spero太忙于自己的工作，文中第二句提到了Spero不能修剪、銼磨、上油指甲到他想要的數(shù)量，并且后文中又提到Spero在不斷降低自己的經(jīng)營規(guī)模，均說明生意在萎縮，生意不景氣顯然不可能有太多的活要做，排除B。選項(xiàng)C Spero已經(jīng)改掉了他的壞脾氣，文中根本就沒有提及這個(gè)內(nèi)容，排除C。選項(xiàng)D Spero并沒有陷于絕望的境地，正好符合作者的樂觀態(tài)度基調(diào)，且與后文吻合，所以答案選D。

解題思路二：

從中心與態(tài)度角度判斷，A偏離文中態(tài)度基調(diào)，B、C談到的均是具體表面的含義，偏離了文章中心，排除。同樣，答案為D。

52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?

A. Optimistic.

B. Confused.

C. Carefree.

D. Panicked.

【解答過程】上面已有分析，答案為A 樂觀的。B困惑的，C無憂慮的(樂觀并不代表沒有憂慮，文中談到“only concerned, not panicked”正是說明這一點(diǎn))，D恐慌的，均不符合文意，排除。