北京新航道學(xué)校 李傳偉

　　第八天：拆分組合 翻譯快樂---分析難句

　　英譯漢是考研英語中一個(gè)較難的部分，許多考生得分都不太理想。究其原因，主要是難句分析、確定詞義與邏輯組合等方面做得不太好。鑒于此，我將從上述三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行總結(jié)。首先是難句分析。這一點(diǎn)與閱讀部分和完型填空部分是類似的，不過英譯漢部分更加集中地考查難句。所以分析難句的能力是做好英譯漢部分的一項(xiàng)極其重要的能力。可以按照下列方法拆分一個(gè)句子：

　　1)確定主句和從句，以及主句和從句中的主要成分(主謂賓)；

　　2)劃分意群---將意義相對獨(dú)立的單位，如包含一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的部分一一劃分開來。經(jīng)過上述拆分以后，句子大致分成四個(gè)部分(也可能少于或多于四個(gè)部分)，因?yàn)橐痪湓挼姆謹(jǐn)?shù)是2分，一般分成4個(gè)給分點(diǎn)。例如，

　　72. “In short”, a leader of the new school contends, “the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.” (1994-72)

　　本句有四個(gè)動(dòng)詞：contends, call, was, expanded，可以分為四個(gè)部分：

　　a leader of the new school contends…(說話人)

　　as we call it…(定語從句，修飾the scientific revolution)

　　“the scientific revolution…was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments…(直接引語部分，為contends的賓語)

　　that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions(定語從句，修飾the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments)。

　　要注意定語從句that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions的翻譯。

　　又如，

　　72. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. (1995-72)

　　本句的主干是How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon…and on…，其中主語是個(gè)主語從句How well…by later performance。本句有三個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞：validated，depends upon，interpreted，所以翻譯時(shí)本句可以拆分成三部分：

　　How well the predictions will be validated by later performance…

　　depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used…

　　and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

　　要注意定語從句with which it is interpreted的翻譯。

　　例三，

　　62. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.(2003-62)

　　本句的主干是Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry，定語從句which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner 修飾that branch of intellectual enquiry ，而定語從句that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena 又修飾先行詞manner。本句有三個(gè)動(dòng)詞：is，seeks, use，所以翻譯時(shí)本句可以拆分成三部分。要注意兩個(gè)定語從句的翻譯。

　　上面三個(gè)例子表明了分析難句的過程與方法。要做到考試時(shí)嫻熟地拆分難句，必須做一些難句分析練習(xí)，至少要把94年以來考過的英譯漢句子都分析幾遍，并且分類整理，如將各類定語從句、狀語從句等分別進(jìn)行集中分析。過一段時(shí)間，難句分析能力必然會(huì)大幅提高。