考研書信寫作是2005年新增的內(nèi)容， 是由聽力里面的10分轉(zhuǎn)化成的，要求考生寫一篇一百字左右的一般性的應(yīng)用文，如信函，備忘錄等，今年準(zhǔn)備以書信的可能性較大。

    書信寫作的準(zhǔn)備一是宏觀，就是要掌握它的格式，基本框架，就是先寫什么，后寫什么；二是微觀，具體到語言如何使用。

   
    復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：全面熟悉常見應(yīng)用文的基本格式，并多加練習(xí)，做到水來土掩，兵來將擋，知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆。

    一、書信考察的結(jié)構(gòu)

    考研書信要求寫信的主體，包括4個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：稱呼（salutation），正文（body），禮貌性結(jié)尾（complimentary close，相當(dāng)于漢語的此致敬禮），簽名（name of the sender:寄信人）。

   
    怎么寫稱呼？一般就是Dear…。Dear后面怎么寫， 取決于收信人是誰？取決于寫信人和收信人之間的關(guān)系。寫信人對(duì)收信人如何稱呼，親密的人之間叫得親密一點(diǎn)，不親密的人之間叫得不親密一點(diǎn)�？佳袝�信是正式信��，分兩種情況：一是題目沒有告訴你收信人是誰？比如你在火車站大廳，買了一個(gè)Mp3，回去不能聽，請(qǐng)求退款，或者換一個(gè)，那么寫信的對(duì)象是對(duì)方經(jīng)理，這種不知道對(duì)方姓名的情況用 Dear Sir or Madam, 后面跟逗號(hào)冒號(hào)都可以，一般用逗號(hào)。第二種情況是知道對(duì)方的名字，寫成Dear ＋ 姓，如2005年對(duì)象是王先生，所以寫成Mr. Wang，注意活用 Miss，Mr，Mrs和Ms就行了。

    正文有兩種格式，縮進(jìn)式和齊頭式，縮進(jìn)式每段開頭空4個(gè)字母，段與段之間不空行，齊頭式每段開頭頂格寫，段與段之間空一行。考慮到試卷用紙有限，考研用縮進(jìn)式。

    禮貌性的結(jié)尾，寫在正文下中間偏右，如果稱呼里面寫姓了，用Yours sincerely，如果稱呼是Dear Sir or Madam 用Yours faithfully，再加上逗號(hào)。

    簽名注意不要簽自己的真名，按照書信的指令辦事。a

    二、主體段語言操作

    書信按照指令邊想邊寫。主體第一段一句話，開門見山，提出寫信的目的，表明信的性質(zhì)：是投訴信還是申請(qǐng)信還是請(qǐng)求信？我為什么要寫這封信？常用句式包括：

    I am writing to complaint about…

    I am writing to thank… for… /express my gratitude for …

    I am writing to ask for…

    I am writing to apply for…

    看一下2005年考研英語大綱樣題：

    Directions：

    You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:

    1)　detailed information about the books you want,

    2)　methods of payment,

    3)　time and way of delivery.

    You should write about 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address.

    以這道題為例，第一段新東方考研英語教材里面寫成：

    I am writing for information about test preparation materials for the IELTS test.

    還可以寫成：

    I am writing to ask for information about test preparation materials for the TOEFL test.或者

    I am writing to inquire about simulated BEC test papers available at your store. 等等。

    再比如2005年的辭職信，第一段可以寫成：

    I am writing to inform you of my decision to resign from my present position as an editor.

    或者

    I am writing to inform you that I have decided to resign from my present position as an editor.
正文第二段，100個(gè)字左右，8、9句話。

    此段寫作的中心任務(wù)是把題目中的提綱進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。如果有3條提綱，可以每一條提綱擴(kuò)充3句。怎么樣擴(kuò)充，主要是發(fā)揮點(diǎn)小小的想象力，有兩種思路，一是將上義拆分成為若干下義，二是把一件事情說得更為形象具體。比如第一條指令，題目里面說是books，可以細(xì)化為各種各樣的書，這就是下義拆分法。還可以具體描寫一下這些書是什么樣子的。同樣第二個(gè)指令里面的methods of payment,和第三個(gè)指令里面的time and way of delivery都可以采用這兩種方法進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。

    新東方教材里提供的范文寫成：

    I wonder if you have a vocabulary book covering the words required for IELTS, as well as past examination papers with keys and model essays. Besides, how should I pay for these books-by cash, cheque, or any other means? If possible, I would like to use my credit card. Finally, how will these books be shipped and when is the approximate time I can receive them? The express mail is preferable if the additional charge is not too much.

    這一段文字緊咬提綱，逐條說長(zhǎng)，干條條之間，連貫銜接，密不透風(fēng)。其思路具有極強(qiáng)的可操作性，建議同學(xué)們用心體會(huì)其中妙處，加以背誦。

    看2005年書信真題：

    Directions:

    Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Design ＆ Fashion. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reasons and making an apology.

    Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address.

    這道題主體段落主要是說明辭職的原因，也就是對(duì)reasons這個(gè)上義詞進(jìn)行下義拆分，一般辭職的原因無非：懷才不遇，工作太累，工資太低，人際關(guān)系復(fù)雜等。列出來三個(gè)，對(duì)他們進(jìn)行具體話擴(kuò)展，工作累到什么程度，工資低到什么程度，人際關(guān)系復(fù)雜到什么程度，試寫如下：

    Three reasons have persuaded me into such a decision. To be frank, I feel rather disoriented at my job because to be a journalist interviewing celebrities has long been my dream. I simply cannot sit still at the office! Though you promised me at my recruitment you would transfer me to the Interview Department in one month, yet two months has passed and there seems no sign of any change. Besides, the wage you offer me is so surprising low for my devotion to the Magazine that I am now even considering from whom to lend money to pay for my rent! Last but not the least, I am not interested in the office politics here, and most of the time, I feel quite out of place.

    估計(jì)這樣寫，辭職肯定會(huì)等到批準(zhǔn)啦。

    禮貌性的套話，一般都是焦急等待著您的回信I am looking forward to your reply足以，或者I would appreciate it if you could send a replay at your earliest convenience也行。

    正文的語言大綱要求注意語域，其實(shí)就是使用正式體，這在選詞時(shí)要注意，比如不要用縮寫，不用口語詞，比如：Please inform me if it’s OK.要改成Please inform me if it is ready等。