Passage 11

    Dream is a story that a person“watches”or even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer’s life. They seem real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening.

Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams.

Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams.

Dreams are a product of the sleeper’s mind. They include events and feelings that he has experienced. Most dreams are related to events of the day before the dream and strong wishes of the dreamer. Many minor incidents of the hours before sleep appear in dreams. Few events more than two days old turn up. Deep wishes or fears - especially those held since childhood- often appear in dreams, and many dreams fulfil such wishes. Events in the sleeper’s surrounding- a loud noise, for example, may become part of a dream, but they do not cause dreams.

Some dreams involve deep feelings that a person may not realize he has. Psychiatrists(精神病醫(yī)生)　often use material from a patient’s dreams to help the person understand himself better.

Dreaming may help maintain good learning ability, memory, and emotional adjustment. People who get plenty of sleep-but are awakened each time they begin to dream- become anxious and restless.

 

51. This passage is mainly about　　　　　.

A) why we dream during sleep

B) how we dream during sleep

C) what dreams are

D) what benefits dreams bring to people

 

52. According to the passage, dreams result from　　　　　.

A) the sleeper’s wishes

B) the sleeper’s imagination

C) the sleeper’s feeling

D) the sleeper’s own mind

 

53. Which of the following is NOT true?

A) Dream is a confusing story which involves little logic thought.

B) Dream is related to the dreamer’s real life.

C) Dream is an imaginary store which seems real while taking place.

D) Dream involves events that always happen in real life.

 

54. This passage suggests that psychiatrists are　　　　　 .

A) trying to help the dreamer recall his earlier dreams.

B) trying to make the sleeper dream logically.

C) studying the benefits of dreams.

D) helping the sleeper fulfill his dreams

 

55. We may infer form the passage that dreaming　　　　 .

A) is beneficial to people

B) disturbs people’s life

C) makes people always restless

D) deprives people of a good sleep

 

Passage 12

According to psychologists(心理學(xué)家), an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. if the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. it can be created by a person’s thoughts.

Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.

Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion: positive and negative. l Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. in growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.

Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. in order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.

Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.

56. We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something　　　.

A) one thinks bad or good

B) one feels in danger

C) one faces in the outside world

D) one tries to escape from real life

 

57. Which of the following is NOT true?

A) Children learn emotions as they grow up.

B) Babies are born with emotions.

C) Emotions fall into two types in general.

D) People can cope with the negative emotions in life.

 

58. The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to　　　 .

A) explain why people have emotions

B) show how people avoid the negative emotions

C) explain what people should do before emotions

D) define and classify people’s emotions

 

59. We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam if　　　　　.

A) he can not think properly

B) he can’t pay attention to it

C) he can’t pay attention to it

D) he is not full of energy

 

60. As used in the last sentence, the word “drains” means　　　　.

A) stops　 B) ties　 C) weakens　　D) flows gradually

 

Passage 13

Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child---or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.

We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.

Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. if you were asked to describe what a “nice face ”looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a “nice person,” you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth.

There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon all ports, an American psychologist, found nearly 18 000 English words characterizing differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms.

People have always tried to “type” each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain’s(壞人) or the hero’s role. In fact, the words “person” and “personality” come from the Latin persona, meaning “mask.” Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the “good guys” from the “bad guys” because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.

 

61. The main idea of this passage is　　　　　 .

A) how to distinguish people’s faces

B) how to describe people’s personality

C) how to distinguish people both inward and outward

D) how to differ good persons from bad persons

 

62. The author is most probably a　　　　　.

A) behaviorist　 B) psychologist　　C) writer　 D)　sociologist

 

63. Which of the following is NOT true?

A) Different people may have different personalities.

B) People differ from each in appearance.

C) People can learn to recognize faces.

D) People can describe all the features of others.

 

64. The reason why it is easier to describe a person’s personality in words than his face is that　　.

A) a person’s face is more complex than his personality

B) a person’s personality is easily distinguished

C) people’s personalities are very alike

D) many words are available when people try to describe one’s personality

 

65. We learn from the passage that people classify a person into certain type according to　　　 .

A) his way of acting and thinking

B) his way of speaking and behaving

C) his learning and behavior

D) his physical appearance and his personality

 

Passage 14

Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. it may be a game of some kind football, hockey(曲棍球), golf, of tennis, it may be mountaineering.

Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.

Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there re for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.

If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a ‘team game’. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no ‘matches’ between ‘teams’ of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.

The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.

A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is no unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.

 

66. Mountaineering is a sport which involves　　　　 .

A) hardship　 C) physical risk

B) cold　　　D) all of the above

 

67. The main difference between a sport and a game lies in　　　　　.

A) uniform　　C) rules

B) activity　　D) skills

 

68. Mountaineering is also a team sport because　　　　　 .

A)　　　　　　it involves rules

B)　　　　　　 it involves matches between teams

C)　　　　　　it requires mental and physical qualities

D)　　　　　　mountaineers depend on each other while climbing

 

69. Which of the following is NOT true?

A)　　　　　　Mountaineers compete against each other.

B)　　　　　　 Mountaineers compete against other teams.

C)　　　　　　Mountaineers compete against nature.

D)　　　　　　Mountaineers compete against international standard.

 

70. What is the best title for the passage?

A)　　　　　　Mountaineering

B)　　　　　　 Mountain Climbers

C)　　　　　　Mountaineering is Different from Golf and Football

D)　　　　　　Mountaineering Is More Dangerous Than Other Sports

 

Passage 15

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority (優(yōu)先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?

If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.

I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “ This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (動(dòng)力) to seek improvement.

 

71. Teachers are different in their opinions about　　　 .

A)　　　　　　the necessity of teaching spelling

B)　　　　　　 the role of spelling in general language development

C)　　　　　　the way of teaching spelling

D)　　　　　　the complexities of the basic writing skills

 

72. As used in the second paragraph, the expression “play safe” most probably means　　　 .

A)　　　　　　to spell correctly

B)　　　　　　 to write smoothly

C)　　　　　　to avoid using words one is not sure of

D)　　　　　　to use dictionaries frequently

 

73. Teachers encourage the students to use dictionaries so that　　　　.

A)　　　　　　students will be able to write more freely

B)　　　　　　 students will be more skillful in writing

C)　　　　　　students will be more confident in writing

D)　　　　　　students will be independent enough

 

74. The author’s tone is　　　　.

A)　　　　　　ironic　C) satirical

B)　　　　　　 practical D) critical

 

75. This passage mainly discusses　　　　 .

A)　　　　　　the necessity of spelling

B)　　　　　　 the role of developing writing skills

C)　　　　　　the complexities of spelling

D)　　　　　　the relationship between spelling and the content of writing