Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension Part A (每題1分，共20分) Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.Remember,while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET I.
Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A
Directions: For Questions 1-5,You will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Arts. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.(5 points)

1、Opened to the public (year)

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【正確答案】
1876

2、The west wing completed (year)

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【正確答案】
1981

3、The most remarkable department

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【正確答案】
textiles

4、Exhibition space (m2)

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【正確答案】
19，137

5、Programs provided classes lectures 5 films

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【正確答案】
concerts
Section Ⅰ Part B(每題1分，共5分) Directions: For Questions 6-10，you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below.(5 points)

6、What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple?

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【正確答案】
(the couple) themselves

7、Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them

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【正確答案】
constructively

8、Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they can�餿 talk with each other?

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【正確答案】
a qualified psychologist

9、Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their

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【正確答案】
good intentions

10、According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder?

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【正確答案】
absence
Section Ⅰ Part C （共三節(jié)，滿分10分）Directions: You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing ［[A]，［[B]，［[C]or［[D] . After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)

Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.
11. Children under five have abundant energy partly because they

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【正確答案】
D
 A.sleep in three distinct parts
 B have many five�瞞inute naps
 C.sleep in one long block
 D.take one or two naps daily

12、According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by

（本題分值：1分）

【正確答案】
A
 A.its genes
 B. its habit
 C.its mental state
 D.its physical condition

13、The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should

（本題分值：1分）

【正確答案】
D
 A.take some refreshment
 B.go to bed early
 C.have a long rest
 D.give in to sleep

Questions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie, an American Indian poet. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.
14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?

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【正確答案】
B
 A.He could bring unfinished work home.
 B.He might have time to pursue his interests.
 C.He might do some evening teaching.
 D.He could invest more emotion in his family.

15、What was his original goal at college?

（本題分值：1分）

【正確答案】
C
 A.To teach in high school.
 B.To write his own books.
 C.To be a medical doctor.
 D. To be a mathematician.

16、Why did he take the poetry�瞱riting class?

（本題分值：1分）

【正確答案】
B
 A.To follow his father.
 B.For an easy grade.
 C.To change his specialty.
 D.For knowledge of poetry.

Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.
17. What is the most important thing in public speaking ?

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【正確答案】
B
 A.Confidence.
 B. Preparation.
 C.Informativeness.
 D. Organization.

18、 What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audience�餾 attention？

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【正確答案】
C
 A. Gather abundant data.
 B. Organize the ideas logically.
 C.Develop a great opening.
 D.Select appropriate material.

19、If you don�餿 start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel

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【正確答案】
A
 A. uneasy
 B. uncertain
 C. frustrated
 D. depressed

20、Who is this speech most probably meant for?

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【正確答案】
D
 A.Those interested in the power of persuasion.
 B.Those trying to improve their public image.
 C.Those planning to take up some public work.
 D.Those eager to become effective speakers.
Section II Use of English（滿分10分） Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark ［[A]，［[B]，［[C] or ［[D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious (21)[] to how they can be best (22)[] such changes. Growing bodies need movement and (23)[], but not just in ways that emphasize competition. (24)[] they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self�瞔onscious and need the (25)[] that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are (26)[] by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be (27)[] to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, (28)[] ,publishing newsletters with many student�瞱ritten book reviews, (29)[] student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide (30)[] opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful (31)[] dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the (32)[] of some kind of organization with a supportive adult (33)[] visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have (34)[] attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized (35)[] participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to (36)[] else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants (37)[]. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. (38)[] they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by (39)[] for roles that are within their (40)[] and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.
21、

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【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題涉及詞匯的使用知識。文章開頭第一句話即指出教師們應(yīng)清楚年輕人所經(jīng)歷的情感、智力和身體方面的變化。本句承接第一句，所以其中的兩個“THEY”所指的分別是教師和青少年。即教師要在一些方面給學(xué)生以某種東西。再瀏覽一下四個選項(xiàng)，就很自然可以得出結(jié)論。在此基礎(chǔ)上，可再結(jié)合空格后的搭配關(guān)系加以驗(yàn)證。［A］GIVE THOUGHT TO 意思是對某事予以考慮。［B］IDEA無法與GIVE搭配，因?yàn)镮DEA是一個內(nèi)心的想法，只能說有(HAVE)某種想法；［C］OPINION無論從意義上還是搭配上都不正確。［D］GIVE ADVICE 意思是提出勸告建議給其他人
 [A] thought
 [B] idea
 [C] opinion
 [D] advice

22、

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【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題涉及一詞多義知識。HOW從句中的主語THEY指的是青少年。根據(jù)上一句的CHANGE和本句中的關(guān)鍵線索賓語CHANGE，以及下一句中的24題之后的ADJUST TO，可以肯定此處應(yīng)填入表示“適應(yīng)”一意的動詞，故選［B］。
 [A] strengthen
 [B] accommodate
 [C] stimulate
 [D] enhance

23、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查考生的一般詞匯知識。答對本題的關(guān)鍵在于AND一詞和這一段的主題詞之一的MOVEMENT。也就是說，空格中的詞與AND之前的MOVEMENT要相近或?qū)儆谕�一��，同時又要與MOVEMENT有關(guān)，符合這兩個條件的只有EXERCISE。
 [A] care
 [B] nutrition
 [C] exercise
 [D] leisure

24、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查上下句的語義連貫性。此處要求填入一個連詞，引導(dǎo)一個狀語從句，因此應(yīng)冷靜分析從句的內(nèi)容與主句內(nèi)容的關(guān)系。如果沒有把握，比較好等做完25和26 題之后，再來做這一題。主句的大體意思是：青少年尤其敏感，尤其需要信心。那么這與從句“他們在適應(yīng)一系列的變化”存在一種什么樣的邏輯關(guān)系呢？顯然不是條件關(guān)系，排除［A］。［C］WHEREAS引導(dǎo)表示對比的從句，而且要放在主句的后面，［C］被排除。剩下的［B］和［D］中，不難看出，因果關(guān)系較之于轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系更符合邏輯。
 [A] If
 [B] Although
 [C] Whereas
 [D] Because

25、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題同樣考查上下文語義的連貫理解能力。本題較為簡單。主要線索在于空格后的定語從句，其它的線索還有諸如COMPETITION, WINNERS, LOSERS等一些零散的詞。但此處是做對第24題和第26題的關(guān)鍵，所以對這種題馬虎不得。
 [A] assistance
 [B]guidance
 [C] confidence
 [D] tolerance

26、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查考生的一般詞匯知識。本句中ACHIEVING SUCCESS和KNOWING ...是并列的動名詞短語�？崭裉庍B同前面第25題合在一起的意思就是：從獲得成功和自己的成就被別人……而來的信心，所以破折號部分肯定是“認(rèn)可”或“欽佩”等類似意義的詞。再看選項(xiàng)，［A］CLAIM后常接所說的話，表示“聲稱”的意思。也可以接物質(zhì)名詞，表示“承認(rèn)，認(rèn)領(lǐng)”，但無論如何與ACCOMPLISHMENT搭不上邊；［C］表示“忽視、忽略”，［D］“超過，超越”，但如果你的成就被別人忽視或超越了，信心可能也就無處可來了，所以［C］、［D］都不對。
 [A] claimed
 [B] admired
 [C] ignored
 [D] surpassed

27、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查上下文的連貫理解能力。邏輯判斷加詞義判斷是答對本題的要素。句子的意思是：典型的青少年的生活充滿了如此之多的竟?fàn)帲ǜ偁幪�激烈了��，所以設(shè)計(jì)一些贏者更多的活動是……的。上面的一句話中說青少年需要成功帶來信心，所以本句中的這種活動無疑是正確的、明智的。選項(xiàng)［A］“不合適的”和［B］“危險(xiǎn)的”與上文矛盾，不可��；［C］表示“公平的，公正的”，不能說“設(shè)計(jì)（計(jì)劃）一些活動”是否公正，所以不通。
 [A] improper
 [B] risky
 [C] fair
 [D] wise

28、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查上下文的連貫理解能力。撇開第29題不說（事實(shí)上可以順便看一眼選項(xiàng)，四個都是動名詞），應(yīng)能看到空格后的PUBLISHING ……，29題以后的SPONSORING是并列的（而且是用逗號標(biāo)志的）。對寫作稍有感覺的話，馬上可以斷定［C］是正確的，再用29題驗(yàn)證一下，這幾個動名詞不就是ACTIVITIES的幾個例子嗎？沒有感覺的話，也可以用排除法。［A］IN EFFECT在作插入語的時候，類似于IN FACT，表示“實(shí)際上”。如：HE IS, IN EFFECT, MY RIVAL. （實(shí)際上他是我的競爭對手。）
［B］AS A RESULT表示結(jié)果；［D］IN A SENSE表示補(bǔ)充或緩和語氣，意為“在某種意義上”，邏輯上都不通。
這一題還告訴我們，做CLOZE時一眼看的東西盡量要多一點(diǎn)。
 [A] in effect
 [B] as a result
 [C] for example
 [D] in a sense

29、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查一般的詞匯知識。只要看清28題中所說的并列關(guān)系，這一題應(yīng)該是很簡單的。四個選項(xiàng)也都是高頻詞，選擇“展出（DISPLAY）”順理成章，做題時不妨兼顧一下前面的“PUBLISHING”這個詞。
 [A] displaying
 [B] describing
 [C] creating
 [D] exchanging

30、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查考生的詞匯知識。本題為詞義辨析題，四個選項(xiàng)略顯冷僻，它們分別是：［A］耐久的；［B］過多的, 過分的；［C］過剩的, 剩余的；［D］多樣的, 多重的。［A］明顯不能修飾OPPORTUNITIES；［B］、［C］中均含“過”義，不對。
 [A] durable
 [B] excessive
 [C] surplus
 [D] multiple

31、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查考生對上下文對比性語義的把握能力。本題有較大的難度。可以分三步去做。
①先將四個選項(xiàng)作一下分類，可以看出［A］/［D］表示集體，B/C表示個體。②在第一步的基礎(chǔ)上，再進(jìn)行［A］/［D］或［B］/［C］的二選一。選項(xiàng)［D］表示“企業(yè)，公司”一類，可以排除；［B］/［C］中，［B］表示“個體”，與“GROUP”互為反義，這樣［C］可自然排除。所以答案應(yīng)當(dāng)在［A］/［B］之間。③確定究竟填的詞是表示集體還是個體�？紤]一下他們（青少年）所在的環(huán)境——俱樂部，群體的可能性大一些。原因之二：AS WELL AS 連接的往往是一個事物的兩個相反的方面，它前面的部分是“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的機(jī)會”，鍛煉的當(dāng)然是個人的（領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）能力，與之相對的應(yīng)該是集體的方面；原因之三：DYNAMICS在此處取的是它比較生僻的意思。DYNAMICS通常表示動力學(xué)，但在本句中它指的是：THE SOCIAL, INTELLECTUAL, OR MORAL FORCES THAT PRODUCE ACTIVITY AND CHANGE IN A GIVEN SPHERE 即社會力量：社會的、理智的或道德的力量，它在一定范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生、運(yùn)動與變化�！睹绹鴤鹘y(tǒng)詞典（雙解）》如：
THE DYNAMICS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE HAVE INFLUENCED OUR BUSINESS DECISIONS ON THIS MATTER.
國際貿(mào)易的動態(tài)影響了我們對此所作的商務(wù)決定。
基于此，答案應(yīng)為［A］。
 [A] group
 [B] individual
 [C] personnel
 [D] corporation

32、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查詞匯知識。本題主要為詞義辨析，可逐一排除。［A］表示“同意； 贊成”，分別與AGREEMENT和PERMISSION同義；［B］指“保險(xiǎn)（業(yè)）”或“預(yù)防失敗的措施”；［C］指“允許進(jìn)入”或“進(jìn)入，加入”；［D］“安全，保障，保護(hù)”。結(jié)合上文，［B］明顯沒有道理；對于靦腆的孩子們，他們也并不需要某個組織（俱樂部）的AGREEMENT或PERMISSION，只能選擇［D］。這句話的意思是：許多靦腆的孩子們需要某個組織的保障。
 [A] consent
 [B] insurance
 [C] admission
 [D] security

33、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查考生對句義的細(xì)微之處的把握。本題的關(guān)鍵是要注意到VISIBLE之后的IN THE BACKGROUND。既然是在幕后，當(dāng)然不是在亮點(diǎn)上露面，所以此處要選“幾乎不”一詞，即［B］。RARELY表示“（幾乎）從來不；很少”；表頻率，只能修飾動詞或具有動作性質(zhì)的形容詞，如“PRESENT，ANGRY，LATE”等，但不能修飾表示純狀態(tài)的形容詞，以-BLE為后綴的派生詞就是其中一種。理解BARELY和RARELY的區(qū)別時可以部分參考NOT 和NEVER的區(qū)別。
 [A] particularly
 [B] barely
 [C] definitely
 [D] rarely

34、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查一般詞匯知識，比較簡單。ATTENTION SPAN 是一個心理學(xué)術(shù)語，指的是注意力集中的時間長度。在青少年以及兒童群體中，每個人的ATTENTION SPAN是不一樣的，這是一個常識。從上下文意思的角度來看，本題也應(yīng)選［D］。
 [A] similar
 [B] long
 [C] different
 [D] short

35

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查考生對上下句句義的把握能力。本題考察的是狀語從句連詞。主句“安排各種各樣的活動”的目的是為了讓參加者積極參與，因而后面的從句是表示目的的狀語，因此要選［C］“為了”。其它三個選項(xiàng)均表示條件或讓步，不可。
 [A] if only
 [B] now that
 [C] so that
 [D] even if

36、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］本題考查代詞使用知識。根據(jù)上文，安排多種活動的目的是讓參加者參加一項(xiàng)活動之后再去參加別的活動，所以要選肯定意義的詞，［A］或［D］。而事實(shí)上，活動只能一項(xiàng)一項(xiàng)地參加，不可能同時參加所有的活動，所以不能選EVERYTHING，故正確答案為［D］。
 [A] everything
 [B] anything
 [C] nothing
 [D] something

37、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題考查介詞短語知識。固定詞組搭配。LET與四個選項(xiàng)搭配后的四個詞組分別是：LET SB. OFF：解雇；LET SB. DOWN：掃（某人的）興；失約；LET SB. OUT：讓（允許）出去；LET SB. ALONE：不打擾，讓一個人呆著。通常，我們離開某項(xiàng)活動時也許會讓別人掃興，故此應(yīng)選［B］。
 [A] off
 [B] down
 [C] out
 [D] alone

38、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查介詞短語知識。標(biāo)志詞是近年來�？嫉囊豁�(xiàng)，但為數(shù)并不多，也不難記，建議考生熟練掌握。本題前面的句子是個否定句，因此后面是對上句的轉(zhuǎn)折，因此選［A］“相反”。其它三個選項(xiàng)分別是：［B］平均；［C］總的來說；［D］另一方面
 [A] On the contrary
 [B] On the average
 [C] On the whole
 [D] On the other hand

39、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］本題考查考生利用上下文選擇判斷的能力。注意本題考的不是固定詞組。［A］、［B］、［D］均是固定詞組，但意義均不通。MAKE FOR 的意思是向某個方向前進(jìn)；STAND FOR 意為“代表；象征”；TAKE FOR 的意思是“認(rèn)為”。而根據(jù)第27題所在的句子中有PLAN ACTIVITIES；本段第二句話也說A VARIETY OF ACTIVITIES SHOULD BE ORGANIZED；選擇PLAN較為正確。空格后的FOR ROLES作不及物動詞PLAN的狀語。
 [A] making
 [B] standing
 [C] planning
 [D] taking

40、

（本題分值：0.5分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題考查考生的詞匯知識。本題是詞義辯析題，只要認(rèn)識選項(xiàng)中的四個詞，即可很容易得出正確答案。它們分別是：［A］能力；［B］責(zé)任；［C］在用于“PROFICIENCY TEST”中，通常譯為“能力考試”，但真正的意思是“熟練, 精通, 熟練程度”；［D］效率。
 [A] capabilties
 [B] responsibilities
 [C] proficiency
 [D] efficiency
Section III Reading Comprehension Part A （滿分40分） Directions:
Read the following four Passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

Passage 1
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage—spying as a “profession”. These days the Net, which has already remade such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan�餾 vocation as well. The last revolution isn�餿 simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen�餾 e�瞞ail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point�瞐nd�瞔lick spying. The spooks call it “open�瞫ource intelligence”， and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions， whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence�瞐nalysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying(covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy�瞫ervices firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com. Straifford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster�餾 dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine.“ As soon as that report runs, we�餷l suddenly get 500 new Internet sign�瞮ps from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we�餷l hear back from some of them.” Open�瞫ource spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That �餾 where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military�瞚ntelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm�餾 outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford�餾 briefs don�餿 sound like the usual Washington back�瞐nd forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.
41. The emergence of the Net has

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，問網(wǎng)絡(luò)的出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致了什么結(jié)果。見第一段比較后一句“THESE DAYS THE NET ...IS RESHAPING DONOVAN�餝 VOCATION”。從上文我們知道，DONOVAN是間諜出身，因而DONOVAN�餝 VOCATION即指間諜業(yè)，RESHAPE與REMOLD又是同義，選項(xiàng)［B］與該句完全對應(yīng)。
 [A] received support from fans like Donovan.
 [B] remolded the intelligence services.
 [C] restored many common pastimes.
 [D] revived spying as a profession.

42. Donovan�餾 story is mentioned in the text to

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］該題涉及作者的寫作意圖，問文章開頭為何提到間諜DONOVAN。本文講述的是INTERNET 對于現(xiàn)代間諜業(yè)的影響。文章第一段以中央情報(bào)局的奠基人DILL DONOVAN 為引子，引出話題，第二段簡要介紹INTERNET SPYING作為一個行業(yè)的發(fā)展，比較后三段介紹了SRTAITFORD INC.公司、其成功之處以及它的特點(diǎn)。
 [A] introduce the topic of online spying.
 [B] show how he fought for the U.S.
 [C] give an episode of the information war.
 [D] honor his unique services to the CIA.

43、The phrase“making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably means

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］這是一道詞義題，該短語出現(xiàn)在第三段開頭。MAKE ［CUT］ A SPLASH原意為發(fā)出潑濺聲; 比喻擺闊, 擺排場, 炫耀, 引起哄動等。在此處可結(jié)合下文考慮。這類判斷詞義的題其答案通常都只在其所在的段落中，所以重點(diǎn)要在本段中尋找答案。一在緊接下來的第二句中即提到STRAITFORD如何掙錢，而整段（包括后文）均沒有提到［A］惹麻煩；［B］作出努力；［D］受歡迎，故此選［C］。
 [A] causing the biggest trouble.
 [B] exerting the greatest effort.
 [C] achieving the greatest success.
 [D] enjoying the widest popularity.

44、It can be learned from paragraph 4 that

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］這是一道推論題，問可以從第四段中推導(dǎo)出什么結(jié)論。既然題干中出現(xiàn)“IT CAN BE LEARNED FROM PARAGRAPH 4”，本題答案應(yīng)當(dāng)在第四段。根據(jù)第二句“上周該公司正忙于從世界各地搜集（挖空）數(shù)據(jù)”可知其收集的數(shù)據(jù)極為全面和相當(dāng)可靠的。因此選［D］。作者在談到風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的時候，加以肯定，但又用了“OF COURSE”來削弱語氣，可知這不是重點(diǎn)所在，故不能選［B］、［C］。關(guān)于這條信息的結(jié)果，作者引用了FRIEDMAN的話，其中又是將來時態(tài)，［A］的完成時與此相矛盾，故［A］也不正確。
 [A] Straitford�餾 prediction about Ukraine has proved true.
 [B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information.
 [C] Straitford�餾 business is characterized by unpredictability.
 [D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information.

45、Straitford is most proud of its

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，問斯特拉伏特公司比較自豪的是什么。題干中的“IS PROUD OF”與文章比較后一句中的TAKES PRIDE IN意義相同，可知答案即其后的“ITS INDEPENDENT VOICE”。選項(xiàng)［B］中的NONCONFORMIST原指“非國教徒, 不遵奉英國國教的基督新教徒”，引申為“不符合準(zhǔn)則或規(guī)范的人；不服從，或拒絕被既定的信仰，風(fēng)俗，或規(guī)則約束的人”，即有獨(dú)立觀點(diǎn)之意。
譯文 解讀 維爾德·比爾·多諾萬會喜歡互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的，這位美國超級間諜在二戰(zhàn)中創(chuàng)建了戰(zhàn)略服務(wù)處，也是后來的中央情報(bào)局的奠基人，他對情報(bào)可謂著了迷。他認(rèn)為，就利用所能觸及的一切工具去進(jìn)行間諜活動這一“偉大的游戲”——間諜活動應(yīng)視為一門“專業(yè)”�；ヂ�(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)改變了像購書和寄信這樣的消遣，如今也正在改變多諾萬所從事的職業(yè)。 這是一個新聞體篇。
第一段以中央情報(bào)局的奠基人多諾萬為例，引出話題。 比較近的這次變革并不是簡單地讓某人去讀他人的電子郵件，那種電子間諜活動已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了幾十年了。在過去的三、四年間，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)造就了一種叫點(diǎn)擊間諜的新行當(dāng)。間諜們稱之為“公開渠道情報(bào)”，而且隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展，該行業(yè)的影響也日漸增強(qiáng)。1995年，中央情報(bào)局舉行了一次比賽，看誰能收集到比較多的關(guān)于布隆迪的數(shù)據(jù)情報(bào)，結(jié)果以大比分贏得比賽的是弗吉尼亞的一家小公司——“公開渠道信息咨詢公司”。它的明顯優(yōu)勢在于把握了電子世界。 第二段簡要介紹網(wǎng)絡(luò)間諜作為一個行業(yè)的發(fā)展。 在這個新領(lǐng)域中比較成功的公司之一是斯坦福公司，這是一家位于德克薩斯州的奧斯汀市的私人情報(bào)分析公司。斯坦福公司通過給一些如麥克德麥特國際公司這樣的能源服務(wù)公司出售間諜情報(bào)來贏利（情報(bào)內(nèi)容涉及從智利到俄羅斯的許多國家）。公司的許多預(yù)測均提供在WWW.STRAITFORD.COM網(wǎng)站。 第三段介紹了斯坦福公司其成功之處及公司特點(diǎn)。 斯坦福公司總裁喬治·弗朗德曼說，網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界是一個收集情報(bào)和發(fā)送情報(bào)的工具，兩者之間可以相互強(qiáng)化，是超級間諜的天堂。上周，他的公司就忙著從世界各地收集信息，預(yù)測烏克蘭的危機(jī)。身為前政治學(xué)教授的弗朗德曼說，“報(bào)告一旦發(fā)布，我們在烏克蘭將增500個新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶注冊，我們會從他們那兒得到反饋�！碑�(dāng)然，公開渠道的間諜活動也有其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)楹茈y區(qū)分真假情報(bào)，而這正是斯坦福公司的成功所在。
弗朗德曼在奧斯汀只有少數(shù)職員，其中有幾名曾是軍隊(duì)情報(bào)人員。他將公司的旁觀者地位視為其成功的關(guān)鍵。斯坦福公司的簡報(bào)不同于華盛頓那些傳統(tǒng)機(jī)構(gòu)部門出言謹(jǐn)慎，以防出錯的文件。他說，斯坦福公司引以自豪的便是它的獨(dú)立性。
 [A] official status.
 [B] nonconformist image.
 [C] efficient staff.
 [D] military background.
Section III Reading Comprehension Part A （滿分40分） Directions:
Read the following four Passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

Passage2
To paraphrase 18th�瞔entury statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals——no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Don�餿 worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well�瞞eaning people just don�餾 understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother�餾 hip replacement, a father�餾 bypass operation, a baby�餾 vaccinations, and even a pet�餾 shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well——known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke�餾 words to

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，問作者在文章開頭引用博克的話的目的是什么。作者針對動物保護(hù)主義者反對動物試驗(yàn)的言論使公眾困惑（這在作者看來是錯誤的，有誤導(dǎo)性的），引用EDMUND BURKE的話來說明，如果正當(dāng)?shù)氖聵I(yè)得不到公眾的支持，那么那些誤導(dǎo)的事業(yè)就會成功。作者以此來呼吁生化科學(xué)家們采取行動來爭取人們的理解和支持。本題的直接線索可在第三句話的開頭找到，作者說“SCIENTISTS NEED TO RESPOND ...”即是在呼吁科學(xué)家們采取行動。
 [A] call on scientists to take some actions.
 [B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.
 [C] warn of the doom of biomedical research.
 [D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement.

47、Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］這也是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，問被誤導(dǎo)了的人們往往會對醫(yī)療研究用動物進(jìn)行持何看法。本題可根據(jù)前三段中關(guān)于被誤導(dǎo)的人們的描述所得出的整體印象直接得出結(jié)論。比較直接的線索是：第三段的比較后一句話中說，對這些人而言，“對動物試驗(yàn)比較好聽的說法是它是一種浪費(fèi)，說得難聽的話，它則是殘酷�！保跘］錯在“NATURAL”一詞；［C］錯在“INEVITABLE”，這兩個詞均與“WASTEFUL”相左；［D］則沒有提到人們強(qiáng)烈反對動物試驗(yàn)的主要原因，認(rèn)為它“CRUEL”，選項(xiàng)中的POINTLESS（沒有目的的）與WASTEFUL意義重合。
 [A] cruel but natural.
 [B] inhuman and unacceptable.
 [C] inevitable but vicious.
 [D] pointless and wasteful.

48、The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public�餾

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］本題涉及作者的寫作意圖。本題能直接從例子所在的第三段的比較后一句話得出答案，仔細(xì)推敲的話，也可由以下事實(shí)得出結(jié)論：（1）老太太身為動物保護(hù)的倡導(dǎo)者，在不知道疫苗來自于動物試驗(yàn)時，鼓勵人們不要反對接種；（2）等她知道疫苗來自于動物試驗(yàn)時，她的觀點(diǎn)就變了；（3）她對科學(xué)家如何發(fā)現(xiàn)治療傳染病根本就不知道。
 [A] discontent with animal research.
 [B] ignorance about medical science.
 [C] indifference to epidemics.
 [D] anxiety about animal rights.

49、The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題涉及作者的觀點(diǎn)，問：面對動物權(quán)利倡導(dǎo)者的挑戰(zhàn)，作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)家該咋辦?本題考察全文的主題。作者遵循的是提出問題-分析原因-解決問題這個議論文的老套路。既然問題出自公眾因無知受誤導(dǎo)，解決的辦法就只有教育公眾，與他們進(jìn)行交流。作者在第一、三、四段不止一次提出了這個主題。主題的直接出現(xiàn)是在第三段的第一句話。
 [A] communicate more with the public.
 [B] employ hi�瞭ech means in research.
 [C] feel no shame for their cause.
 [D] strive to develop new cures.

50、From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，問COOPER是什么人。從STEPHEN COOPER所惟一出現(xiàn)的第四段中，我們無從看出他的職業(yè)，如果不了解STEPHEN COOPER，不宜妄加猜測，因此［A］、［B］不大可能是答案。我們只能根據(jù)“WHO HAS MADE COURAGEOUS STATEMENTS ABOUT THE VALUE OF ANIMAL RESEARCH”進(jìn)行推理，可以看出，［C］中用的ENTHUSIAST（狂熱者）有些言過其實(shí)，不如［D］準(zhǔn)確。
譯文 解讀 要理解18世紀(jì)的政治家愛德蒙德·博克說過的一句話，“如果好人不采取任何行動，就是被誤導(dǎo)的活動的勝利。”現(xiàn)在就有這么一個活動，它試圖阻止生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究，理由是動物有權(quán)要求人們在研究活動中不再使用動物�？茖W(xué)家們必須對動物權(quán)利倡導(dǎo)者做出有力的反擊，因?yàn)檫@些人的言論誘惑人心，并威脅到健康常識的普及和醫(yī)療的進(jìn)步。動物權(quán)利運(yùn)動的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者將目標(biāo)對準(zhǔn)生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究，是因?yàn)樗�依賴公共基金，而且人們對健康醫(yī)療的研究也不那么了解。聽到研究部門殘忍地對待動物的傳聞，許多人會感到困惑，以為有人故意傷害動物。 這是一篇議論文。
第一段呼吁科學(xué)家們要對動物保護(hù)主義者的攻擊作出有力反應(yīng)。 例如，在比較近一次街頭市場上，一位在動物權(quán)利攤位工作的祖母級女士在散發(fā)宣傳冊子，鼓勵讀者不要使用任何來自于或涉及動物實(shí)驗(yàn)的物品——不要吃肉、不要穿毛皮衣服、不要吃藥。當(dāng)被問及她是否反對接種疫苗時，她說想知道疫苗是否來自于動物研究。當(dāng)確信是來自動物研究時，她回答說，“那么我反對�！碑�(dāng)再被問到，如果流行性疾病卷土重來該怎么辦時，她說，“別擔(dān)心，科學(xué)家會用計(jì)算機(jī)找到方法解決的�！边@些愿望善良的人們只是不了解情況。 第二段舉例說明了公眾因無知所產(chǎn)生的誤解。 科學(xué)家必須用一種富于同情，易于理解的方式將信息傳遞給公眾，用人性化的語言，而非用分子生物學(xué)的術(shù)語。我們必須澄清動物研究與祖母的股骨復(fù)位、父親的導(dǎo)管手術(shù)、嬰兒的疫苗注射，甚至與寵物的注射之間的聯(lián)系。對那些不了解只有通過動物研究才能開發(fā)出這些治療方法，才能開發(fā)新方法和新疫苗的人來說，動物研究比較好處想也只是浪費(fèi)，而朝壞處想則是殘忍。
有許多事情要做，科學(xué)家可以“進(jìn)入”中學(xué)課堂，介紹他們的科研活動。他們應(yīng)盡快回答編輯們的來信，以防動物權(quán)利倡導(dǎo)者借機(jī)偽裝起真理的外表，提供虛假信息而無阻礙。研究機(jī)構(gòu)也應(yīng)對游客開放，以證明實(shí)驗(yàn)室動物受到了人道的對待。比較后，因?yàn)楸容^終受益者是那些病人，所以醫(yī)學(xué)研究界不光要請像蒂芬·庫博那樣的知名人士來支持自己的事業(yè)（他已勇敢地聲明動物研究的價值），還要所有接受過醫(yī)療的人來支持自己。如果好人再不行動，那就真會使不明了的公眾們澆滅醫(yī)療發(fā)展的寶貴火種。 第三、四段針對此種情況提出了一系列解決的方案：宣傳和教育。
 [A] a well�瞜nown humanist.
 [B] a medical practitioner.
 [C] an enthusiast in animal rights.
 [D] a supporter of animal research.
Section III Reading Comprehension Part A （滿分40分） Directions:
Read the following four Passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

Passage 3
In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995,the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton�瞞iles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers. Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government�餾 Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone�餾 cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It�餾 a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers. Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail�餾 net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who�餾 going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.
51.According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，問支持合并的人何以認(rèn)為壟斷不會發(fā)生。由題干中的THOSE WHO SUPPORT MERGERS可知本題答案在第二段。這一段的前兩句是支持兼并的觀點(diǎn)。本題的答案在第二句話，它的意思是：他們說，任何壟斷的威脅都將被卡車帶來的激烈競爭消除掉。因?yàn)楸疚闹v的是火車壟斷，所以此處的卡車即與選項(xiàng)［C］中的OUTSIDE COMPETITORS相對應(yīng)，也就是說，因?yàn)檫�有別的競爭，所以鐵路壟斷不太可能。
 [A] cost reduction is based on competition.
 [B] services call for cross�瞭rade coordination.
 [C] outside competitors will continue to exist.
 [D] shippers will have the railway by the throat.

52、What is many captive shippers�� attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，問被動發(fā)貨商對鐵路集團(tuán)的出現(xiàn)持何態(tài)度。首先要認(rèn)識選項(xiàng)中這四個形容詞。［A］漠然的，不在乎的；［B］支持的；［C］憤怒的；［D］擔(dān)心的。文章中比較明顯的線索在比較后一段第一句話的開頭部分，“MANY CAPTIVE SHIPPERS ALSO FEAR ...”。
 [A] Indifferent.
 [B] Supportive.
 [C] Indignant.
 [D] Apprehensive.

53、It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］該題要求考生依據(jù)第三段推出一個結(jié)論。第三段的比較后一句話告訴我們，雖然托運(yùn)方可以向政府訴訟以獲得費(fèi)率補(bǔ)償，但這個過程代價巨大、耗時太久，并且只適用于極端的情況，由此可以推斷他們不大可能這樣做。
 [A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.
 [B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.
 [C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.
 [D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business.

54、The word “arbiters”(line 7 ，paragraph 4)most probably refers to those

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］這是一道詞義題。本題考察考生利用上下文線索猜單詞的能力，在本題中要使用的技巧是“利用重復(fù)猜測詞義”。單詞ARBITER所在的短語ARBITERS OF WHO WINS AND WHO LOSES對應(yīng)于上一句中的...IN THE POSITION OF DETERMINING WHICH COMPANIES WILL FLOURISH AND WHICH WILL FALL，因此可以看出ARBITERS可解釋為THOSE WHO DETERMINE，引申為JUDGES。但要注意不是［D］，因?yàn)椋跠］中多了蛇足THE PRICE，反而不是正確答案了。
 [A] who work as coordinators.
 [B] who function as judges.
 [C] who supervise transactions.
 [D] who determine the price.

55、According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，問鐵路行業(yè)成本上升的主要原因是什么。這是比較后一段的主要內(nèi)容，第二、三、四句合起來的意思是：鐵路工業(yè)盡管前途一片光明，但目前仍入不敷出，但仍然大量接待進(jìn)行虧本兼并。所以應(yīng)選擇［A］。ACQUISITION原意指獲得，也有兼并之意。
譯文 解讀 比較近幾年，鐵路公司紛紛合并，形成超級集團(tuán)，使得人們對壟斷越來越關(guān)注。在不久前的1995年，四大鐵路公司的運(yùn)營量還只占全國鐵路運(yùn)營總量的70％以下。明年，在一系列的合并完成以后，這四大鐵路公司將占主要鐵路公司貨運(yùn)總量的90％以上。 這是一個新聞體篇。第一段指出鐵路合并的現(xiàn)狀和趨勢。 支持新型超大鐵路集團(tuán)的人宣稱，公司合并有利于大幅度地降低成本，也有利于改善協(xié)調(diào)服務(wù)。他們認(rèn)為，壟斷的威脅可以通過來自公路的激烈競爭而消減。但許多貨運(yùn)商則抱怨說，像煤炭、化肥和糧食這樣的大宗貨物通過公路來運(yùn)輸成本太高，而鐵路公司會因此而主宰一切。 第二段先提出壟斷支持一方的論點(diǎn)——可降低成本、提高服務(wù)、因公路運(yùn)輸?shù)母偁幈苊鈮艛�，然后以貨運(yùn)商觀點(diǎn)加以駁斥。 鐵路行業(yè)的大規(guī)模聯(lián)合意味著多數(shù)貨運(yùn)商將由惟一的一家鐵路公司提供服務(wù)。鐵路公司向這些無奈的貨運(yùn)商索要的費(fèi)用，通常比有競爭對手時高20％到30％。那些自覺被敲詐了的貨運(yùn)商有權(quán)向聯(lián)邦政府的水陸交通理事會提出指控，要求降低率，但費(fèi)用很高，也很耗時，只能在極端情況下使用。 第三段指出貨運(yùn)商雖可提出訴訟，但并不實(shí)用。 鐵路公司則認(rèn)為，對這些貨運(yùn)商在費(fèi)用上區(qū)別對待是合理的，因?yàn)閺拈L遠(yuǎn)來看這會降低大家的成本。他們認(rèn)為，如果對所有的客戶都收取一樣的費(fèi)用，那些可以轉(zhuǎn)向公路或其他交通方式的貨運(yùn)商就會轉(zhuǎn)向，迫使剩余的客戶承擔(dān)維持鐵路經(jīng)營的成本費(fèi)用。許多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家都同意這種說法，但實(shí)際上這使得鐵路公司可以去決定哪些公司興旺，哪些公司失敗�！拔覀冋娴叵Ｍ�要讓鐵路公司成為企業(yè)在市場中成敗的仲裁者嗎？”一位經(jīng)常代理貨運(yùn)商的華盛頓律師馬丁·貝克維奇提出了疑問。 第四段駁斥鐵路方面的另一論點(diǎn)——對貨運(yùn)人不同對待符合所有人的利益，指出這將使鐵路成為貨運(yùn)公司的主宰。 許多無奈的發(fā)貨商還擔(dān)心他們不久便會面臨一輪費(fèi)率上升。盡管鐵路行業(yè)總的來說出現(xiàn)好的轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)，但尚未賺到可以補(bǔ)償其所投入的大筆資金的利潤，投入是為了應(yīng)付不斷膨脹的運(yùn)量。而且鐵路公司仍在借貸數(shù)十億的資金相互兼并，華爾街則推波助瀾。今年，諾發(fā)南方公司和CSX投入了102億美元兼并了康瑞公司�？等鸸�司��1996年的運(yùn)營收入只有4.27億美元，不及上述交易額的一半。那么，這筆差額誰來支付？許多無奈的貨運(yùn)商擔(dān)心，隨著諾發(fā)南方和CSX對市場控制力加強(qiáng)，貨運(yùn)商得去承擔(dān)這些差額。 第五段指出許多兼并是賠本的，這種虧損比較終恐怕只會落在貨運(yùn)商的頭上。作者似乎站在貨運(yùn)商方面。
 [A] the continuing acquisition.
 [B] the growing traffic.
 [C] the cheering Wall Street.
 [D] the shrinking market.
Section III Reading Comprehension Part A （滿分40分） Directions:
Read the following four Passages. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

Passage 4
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans�� life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30�瞞inute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health�瞔are system can cure deathand our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third�瞤arty payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it�餾 useless. The most obvious example is late——stage cancer care. Physicians——frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient——too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. In 1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age——say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way” ,so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78,Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O�餋onnor is in her 70s,and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start�瞮p in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68�瞴ear�瞣ld,I wish to age as productively as they have. Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. Ask a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people�餾 lives.
56.What is implied in the first sentence?

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］這是一道推論題。理解這一題要求有三個要素：對全文主題的把握、對第一段主題的把握和對“OPTIONAL”的準(zhǔn)確理解。全文的主題是要人們正確面對死亡，第一段的主題在它的比較后一句話，再好的醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)也治不了死亡。而原話中的“OPTIONAL”更不可忽視，它其實(shí)指的是美國人對待死亡的態(tài)度——認(rèn)為死亡是一種可選的事情。第一句話綜合起來的意思是：英國人面對死亡時壓力巨大，加拿大人認(rèn)為死亡是不可避免的，而美國人認(rèn)為死亡是一種可以自由選擇的。由此可見，美國人對自己的醫(yī)療條件過于自信。接下來自然過渡到主題：再先進(jìn)的醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)也不能治療死亡。
 [A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.
 [B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.
 [C] Americans are over�瞔onfident of their medical technology.
 [D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.

57、The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
A
［注釋］本題涉及作者的細(xì)節(jié)寫作意圖。在第二段提到癌癥時作者用的是這個句子：THE MOST OBVIOUS EXAMPLE IS LATE-STAGE CANCER。故此它例釋的是它之前的一句，即：SHIELDED BY THIRD-PARTY PAYERS FROM THE COST OF OUR CARE, WE DEMAND EVERYTHING THAT CAN POSSIBLY BE DONE FOR US, EVEN IF IT�餝 USELESS. 也就是說，由于我們自己不用付錢，我們要求為我們做一切可能的事情，哪怕是沒有用。既然是沒有用的也去做，不就是浪費(fèi)嗎？
 [A] medical resources are often wasted.
 [B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases.
 [C] some treatments are too aggressive.
 [D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable.

58、The author�餾 attitude toward Richard Lamm�餾 remark is one of

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
B
［注釋］這是一道作者態(tài)度題。做本題要考慮兩處。作者在第二段引用RICHARD LAMM的話時，是表現(xiàn)出一定的贊同的；但在下面一段開頭，又說“I WOULD NOT GO THAT FAR”，表現(xiàn)出了一定的保留，故綜合起來，應(yīng)選擇［B］“有保留的同意”。
 [A] strong disapproval.
 [B] reserved consent.
 [C] slight contempt.
 [D] enthusiastic support.

59、In contrast to the U.S. ,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
D
［注釋］這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)比較后的兩句話，日本和瑞典在醫(yī)療上花的錢較少，但比美國人活得更長、更健康，而美國在不治之癥上花費(fèi)太多，而在研究如何提高人民生活方面的治療研究上卻投入太少，很明顯日本和瑞典在醫(yī)療上的投入比美國更為理智。
 [A] more flexibly.
 [B] more extravagantly.
 [C] more cautiously.
 [D] more reasonably.

60、The text intends to express the idea that

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
C
［注釋］這是一道主旨題。主旨判斷題。作者要人們正確面對死亡，而正確面對死亡的基礎(chǔ)是正確看待它。作者在第二段開頭指出：死亡是正常的，即使在理想的條件下，我們也注定要解體、要死亡。也就是說，死亡是一個事實(shí)，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)接受這個事實(shí)。
譯文 解讀 據(jù)說，在英國死是步步緊逼的，在加拿大是不可避免的，而在加利福尼卻是可以選擇的。這種說法并不奇怪，在過去的一百年中，美國人的壽命幾乎增加了一倍。股骨出了毛病可以換掉；臨床性情緒消沉可以加以；白內(nèi)障只需30分鐘的外科手術(shù)便可摘除。這種醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步使老年人的生活質(zhì)量得到了很大提高，這在50年前我進(jìn)入醫(yī)療行業(yè)時是不可想象的。但是，再好的醫(yī)護(hù)體系也不能治愈死亡——我們不敢面對現(xiàn)實(shí)威脅著我們的才智。 這是一篇議論文。
第一段指出盡管醫(yī)學(xué)取得了巨大的進(jìn)步，但死亡是不可避免的。 死亡是正常的。我們的基因決定了我們會解體、死亡，即使是在理想環(huán)境中。某種程度上我們都懂這個道理，但作為病人，我們卻把死亡視為一個可以解決的問題。由于有第三方幫我們支付醫(yī)療的費(fèi)用，我們便要求醫(yī)生為我們做所能做的一切，盡管已豪無用處。比較明顯的例子便是晚期癌癥的護(hù)理。由于無法治好這種疾病，又害怕病人失去希望，醫(yī)生只得頻繁地大膽用藥，乃至超出科學(xué)的合理性。
1950年，美國花掉了127億美元用于健康醫(yī)療，到2002年，費(fèi)用將達(dá)到15,400億美元。任何人都看得出這是難以為繼的。然而，很少有人愿意去扭轉(zhuǎn)這種趨勢。有學(xué)者認(rèn)為，資源有限的國家政府應(yīng)停止為一定年齡之后的生命維持支付費(fèi)用――比如83歲左右。據(jù)說前科羅拉多州州長李查德·拉盟曾說過，年老及病殘者“有義務(wù)死亡并讓出道來”以便年輕健康的人發(fā)揮他們的潛力。 第二、三段以晚期癌癥為例，批評了人們在無藥可救的疾病上的浪費(fèi)。 我不會那么極端。精力充沛的人能干到60歲甚至更久已是常事，而且工作能力強(qiáng)得令人瞠目。78歲的索姆納·萊德斯通曾戲稱自己53歲。比較高法院大法官桑德拉·戴·歐科納已70多歲，前外科醫(yī)生協(xié)會主任C·埃維瑞特·庫布80多歲還主持了一個網(wǎng)站的起步工作。這些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人便是活生生的證據(jù)，證明預(yù)防是可行的，而且我們能處理一些隨年齡而來的健康問題。我今年才68歲，希望自己老了以后能像他們一樣能干。 第四段指出對于正常的疾病人們還是要加以預(yù)防和應(yīng)對的。 然而，社會在這個方面的花費(fèi)是有限的。作為醫(yī)生我知道，那些比較昂貴、比較神奇的治療措施可能是無效和痛苦的。我也知道，在日本和瑞典，國家在醫(yī)療方面的花費(fèi)比我們少得多，但他們的人民比我們更長壽、更健康。作為一個國家，我們在尋求不可以的治療方面所投入的資金可以太多了，而在改善人們生活的普通醫(yī)療研究方面的投入則不足。 第五段呼吁向日本和瑞典學(xué)習(xí)，指出了美國的不足之處。
 [A] medicine will further prolong people�餾 lives.
 [B] life beyond a certain limit is not worth living.
 [C] death should be accepted as a fact of life.
 [D] excessive demands increase the cost of health care.
Section III Part B (每題2分，共10分) Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.(61)Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. “Anthropology”derives from the Greek words anthropos“human”and logos“the study of”. By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind. Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(62)Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field——study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.(63)The emphasis on data gathered first�瞙and, combined with a cross�瞔ultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor�餾 formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.(64)Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor�餾 definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior. (65)Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
61、

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
而且，人類還有能力改變自己的生存環(huán)境，從而讓所有其它形態(tài)的生命服從人類自己獨(dú)特的想法和想像。

62、

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
社會科學(xué)是知識探索的一個分支，它力圖像自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣，用理性的、有序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的方式研究人類及其行為。

63、

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
強(qiáng)調(diào)收集第一手資料，加上在分析過去和現(xiàn)在文化形態(tài)時采用跨文化視角，使得這一研究成為一門獨(dú)特并且非常重要的社會科學(xué)。

64、

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
泰勒把文化定義為“……一個復(fù)合整體，它包括人作為社會成員所獲得的信仰、藝術(shù)、道德、法律、風(fēng)俗以及其它能力和習(xí)慣。”

65、

（本題分值：2分）

【正確答案】
因此，人類學(xué)中的“文化”概念就像數(shù)學(xué)中“集”的概念一樣，是一個抽象概念，它使大量的具體研究和認(rèn)識成為可能。
Section IV (共20分)Writing

66.Directions:
Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should
1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning
2) point out its implications in our life.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)
溫室花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨

（本題分值：20分）

【正確答案】
略