第一部分語言知識運(yùn)用

這一部分主要考四方面的內(nèi)容：

一是近義詞的用法區(qū)別和比較，這主要包括名詞和動詞以及形容詞和副詞。如：區(qū)別justify, rectify, testify, identify和intensify等詞。

二是語義轉(zhuǎn)換詞的使用，表轉(zhuǎn)折的如：however, yet和but的用法。表順承的如：furthermore, in addition和besides等。

三是考查詞匯的生成知識,如in the company of等同于and或at the same time ,這個短語的理解是基于考生必須明白company來源于accompany。如accommodate這個詞,考生必須明白它來自于ac+com+modate所以意思是適合、適應(yīng)。

四是考查介詞的使用，英語中的介詞雖然數(shù)量有限，但是用法相對比較靈活，考生必須知道它們的準(zhǔn)確語義。如：against, for和beyond的用法。

第二部分閱讀理解

一、閱讀題解法

閱讀理解部分去年新增設(shè)“選擇搭配題”，即在一篇總長500-600詞的文章中有5段空白，文章后有6-7段文字，要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容從這6-7段文字中選擇能分別放進(jìn)文章中5個空白處的5段，使原文上下文語義連貫、邏輯通順。今年大綱中又增添了3種類似的題型以供選擇，在真正的考試中只采用這四種題型中的一種，仍然是每題2分，共10分。由于考生對于新題型的陌生，缺乏符合新題型的閱讀材料，使得這一部分的復(fù)習(xí)難度加大。為了解決這個問題，下面對大綱中提供的原題型進(jìn)行分析，希望能夠幫助考生熟悉題型，在考試中避免由于不熟悉題型而丟分的現(xiàn)象。由于樣題1去年已經(jīng)考過，該題型的涉及范圍也很廣了，所以在此不多說，直接從樣題2開始。

Sample 2

Directions:

The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragrphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)

［A］“I just don’t know how to motivate them to do a better job. We’re in a budget cruch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we’ll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It’s hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn’t —it’s boring, routine paperwork, and there isn’t much you can do about it.”

［B］“Finally, I can’t say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it’s not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their carrer it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed. ”

［C］“I’ve got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.”

［D］“some people have suggested a number of thinglike using conviction records as a performance reiterion. However, we know that’s not fair-too many wther things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork does’t necessary mean you you’ll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.”

［E］“the problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor. ”

［F］“So I just don’t know what to do. I’ve been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.”

［G］A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and /or executives of various to be discussed was motivation-how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.

Order:

G→

41薄

42薄

43薄

44薄

45薄

F

分析：

該題型是由一篇完整的文章構(gòu)成，但是被分解為7個部分，其中開始和結(jié)尾部分已經(jīng)給出，所以在做此題時，首先要注意出題者已經(jīng)提供的開始和結(jié)尾部分，開始段落經(jīng)常會提供材料的內(nèi)容方向，所以為了節(jié)省時間，考生在考場上要首先閱讀該選項以獲得信息的比較大化。第一個選項經(jīng)常是提出問題，或者對問題的進(jìn)一步闡述，那么不同的段落之間具有一定的邏輯關(guān)系，所以考生需要對五個段落開頭以及結(jié)尾部分特別注意。例如，在該題中，很明顯C時提出問題，E項則是對該問題的進(jìn)一步完善，接著說出作者的疑問即A項。本套試卷后面部分提供了多套練習(xí)題，包括對科技新聞的報道以幫助考生熟悉多種文體的邏輯關(guān)系。正確答案為：CEABD

Sample 3

Directions:

You are going to read a text about the tips on resume writing, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar “tombstone”that lists where you went to school and where you’ve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the “functional”resume-descriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.

It’s handy to have a “tombstone”for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those un-requested “tombstone”lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.

What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read—a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers

(41) Put yourself first:

In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself.

(42) Sell what youcan do, not who you are:

Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.

Toot your own horn!

Many prople cluch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch-if only you show it.

(43) Be specific, be concrete, and be brief!

Remember that “brevity is the best policy.”

(44) Turn bad news into good:

Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side.

(45) Never apologize:

if you’ve returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph(summary of background) in place of a chronology of experience. Don’t apologize for working at being a mother;it’s the hardest job of all. If you have no higher education, just don’t mention education.

The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the fob, that made you feel effective. Don’t worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, once you discover pattern, give names to your cluster of accomplishments (leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills etc.) Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before you’re ready to show it to a stranger (friends are usually too kind) for a reaction. when you’re satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth dong right.

Isn’t that the kind of person you’d want working for you?

［A］A women who lost her job as a teacher’s aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote: “Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher’s aide she would rehire if government funds became available.”

［B］One resume I received included the following: “Invited by my superior to straighten out our organization’s accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 percent. Rewarded with raise and promotion.”notice how this women focuses on results, specifies how she accomplished them, and mentions her reward-all in 34 words.

［C］For example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money skills.

［D］An acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statement “Ready to learn though not so well educated”.

［E］One of my former colleagues, for example, wrote three resumes in three different syles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background.

［F］A woman once told me about a cash-flow crosos her employer had faced. She’d agreed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasn’t in her resume. She answered, “It wasn’t important.” What she was really saying of course was “I’m not important.”

分析：

本題型是首先給出了文章的意圖，給出了5個建議，然后考生根據(jù)這5個建議選擇合適的例子給與支持。但是出題者提供了6個例子，需要考生進(jìn)行篩選。本題型與上種題型所需要的技巧是不一樣的，本題5個部分之間是沒有必要聯(lián)系的，可以說在某種程度上是獨(dú)立的，所以考生應(yīng)該先做自己有把握的，容易的。例如，在本題中第44題和第45題，都比較簡單，可以馬上識別是A和D, 然后再篩選做前3個。正確答案為：FCBAD

Sample 4

Directions:

You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)

［A］ What to do as a student?

［B］ Various definitions of plagiarism

［C］ Ideas should always be sourced

［D］ Ignorance can be forgiven

［E］ Plagiarism is equivalent to theft

［F］ The consequences of plagiarism

Scholars, writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another person’s ideas. In the English-speaking world, the term plagiarism is used to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of one’s ideas. Simply stated, plagiarism is “the wrongful appreciation or purloining, and publication as one’s own of the ideas, or the expression of ideas of another.”

41

The penalities for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university. In the literary world, where writers are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws, the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers, through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities, is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources.

42

Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars’ idears and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire consequences may occur. There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students’ inexactness in identifying sources properly. They are plagiarism by accident, by ignorance, and by intention.

43

Plagiarism by accident, or oversight, sometimes is the result of the writer’s inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. He may also have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no reference to the original source is needed. Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt from being severely punished.

44

Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation - note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography - are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although “there is no copyright in news, or in ideas, only in the expression of them.”the writer cannot plead ignorance when his sources for ideas are challenged.

45

The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer, limited by his laziness and dullness, copies the thoughts and languages of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals, he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral, dishonest, offensive, and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention.

The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement. All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources. Students, as developing scholars, writers, teachers, and professional leaders, should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship, they will admire the humility and honesty.

分析：

該題型也是由一篇文章組成，文章也分割成7個部分，但只有5個題，同時給出6個選項。開頭和結(jié)尾部分仍然是提供必要的信息，文章中的5個段落都可以表達(dá)一個完整的意思，相互間也沒有什么太大聯(lián)系。該題型與題型3所考的技巧很相似，比較而言要容易些，考生只要對5個段落認(rèn)真地閱讀，不難會發(fā)現(xiàn)答案，同樣先選擇自己有把握的題項。大綱所提供的材料是關(guān)于剽竊的問題，這5個問題相對比較容易，在此不作具體分析了。

正確答案為：FADCE

以上我們簡單分析了對新大綱新題型的解題方法，而對于比較常規(guī)的閱讀題，我們則可以采用以下辦法：

絕招1.妙指回春法

題型特點(diǎn)：

這種題的題干往往是不完整的句子，而選項往往是短語形式，根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞在文中總能找到一個代詞，則這種題用妙指回春法來解題。

解題思路：

這種題往往是根據(jù)題干的核心詞在文中找到相應(yīng)的含有代詞句子，然后往前讀一句話，看哪一個選項跟前面一句話的語義相近，則這個選項就是答案。

1.It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics. (1996, Passage 4，54題)

2. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers . (1997, Passage 2，57題)

3.In the view of Net purists,.(1999,Passage 2，57題)

4. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they .（2002，Text4，60題）

絕招2.是非顛倒理解法

題型特點(diǎn)：

文中往往用假設(shè)的方式出現(xiàn)，而選項往往用斷言的形式出現(xiàn)，正確答案的選項所表達(dá)的意思是文中假設(shè)條件句后面主句語義的反面，且多以否定形式出現(xiàn)。

解題思路：

正話反說指文中用肯定的假設(shè)方式表述，而正確答案選項用否定形式。也就是說，當(dāng)一個題針對文中的部分用假設(shè)的形式表述出來，而在題干中沒有了假設(shè)的條件而只給出結(jié)果，則選項應(yīng)該是不確定的、拿不準(zhǔn)的選項。

5. The author asserts that scientists.(1999年68題)

6. The author implies that the results of scientific research.(1999年70題)

7 .The selection of medical professionals are currently based on.(1995年65題)

絕招3.近義替換法

題型特點(diǎn)：

近義替換方法每年在考研真題中都能用上，并且這個類型的考題每年都有至少1-2個，近年來這種考題已經(jīng)從原來的單個短語的近義替換考查發(fā)展到較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的短語語義替換考查。

解題思路：

對這種題，考生要緊緊抓住題干的關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵短語，找到文中這些詞或短語出現(xiàn)的地方，從而考查哪一個選項是文中相應(yīng)的句子的近義短語。如果有近義短語，則這個近義替換的選項就是答案。

8.According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life careis .(2002年58題)

9.The direct reason for specializationis.（2001年54題）

10.We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business.(1999年55題)

11 . According to the author, basic computer skillsshould be.(1999年62題)

12.Futurists claim that we must.(2000年61題)

絕招4.首段主題句破題法

首句破題法：

題型特點(diǎn)：

一個文章后面的第一個題是細(xì)節(jié)題，則往往是考查考生對首段首句的理解。哪一個選項跟首句的語義一致,則這個選項就是答案。

解題思路：

當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)首句結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，或者首句比較簡練而含有難以理解的詞匯，則這個題的答案一定在首段首句，考生應(yīng)該把重點(diǎn)放在首段首句的理解上，而不要急于讀其他部分的句子。

13. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, .(1997, Passage 2，55題)

14. The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroomis. (1999, Passage 3，59題)

15.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regardedif.(2000,Passage 5，67題)

16.What is the typical trend of businesses today? (2001,Passage 4, 63題)

17.Human ingenuity was initiallydemonstrated in.(2002，Text 2，46題)

首段末句破題法

題型特點(diǎn)：

一個閱讀材料后面的第一個題是細(xì)節(jié)題，且題干中的核心詞在首段首句中沒有被置于重要的位置或者沒有出現(xiàn)，或者四個選項所表達(dá)的意思在首句中沒有明確的近義表達(dá)出現(xiàn)，首段首句則不是這個段落的主題句，則這種題的答案應(yīng)在首段末句出現(xiàn)，首段末句是這個段落的主題句。

解題思路：

當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)閱讀材料后面的第一個題是細(xì)節(jié)題，且題干中的核心詞在首句中沒有出現(xiàn)或不在重要位置，則應(yīng)迅速讀末句以確定答案。

18.“Creationism” in the passage refers to.(1996， Passage 5，67題)

19.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause.(2000,Passage 1，51題)

絕招5.轉(zhuǎn)折傳義法

題型特點(diǎn)：

一篇閱讀文章后面的第一個題如果不是主旨題或態(tài)度題，而是細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文中首段首句難以確定題干和首句的關(guān)系，則如果首段中有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)分析理解轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后的內(nèi)容。

解題思路：

做題過程中考生應(yīng)牢牢抓住轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后的句子，判斷四個選項中哪一個選項跟轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后的成分語義是近意的，則這個選項就是答案。

首段對比轉(zhuǎn)折

20.The third sentence of paragraph 1implies that. (1998, Passage 1，51題)

21.What used to be the danger in being a manaccording to the first paragraph? (2000,Passage 2，55題)

22.Digital divideis something. (2001，Passage 2，55題)

文中轉(zhuǎn)折傳義（1996.55；1996.58；2001.56;2001.58;2001.60;2001.62;2001.68）

23.The world famous BBC now faces(1996， Passage 2，55題)

24.Governments attach importance to the Internetbecause it. (2001，Passage 2，56題)

25.It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on .

26.The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be .

27.Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its

絕招6.觀點(diǎn)例證剖析法

題型特點(diǎn)：

這種題往往在題干中明確表明：一個什么例子表明了或揭示了什么。這種題是近三年來一種比較固定的題型，它主要體現(xiàn)考研閱讀大綱中所列出的考查主要內(nèi)容的比較后一條： 考查考生區(qū)分論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)的能力�？忌�在所閱讀的文章中，首先讀到一個觀點(diǎn)性的句子，然后會讀到作者對這個觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證時所用的例子作為論據(jù)。

解題思路：

對于這種題，在文中首先找到這個例子，然后往前面讀一句話，哪一個選項如果跟例子前面的一句話在語義上是近意的選項，則這個選項一定是答案。

做這種題時要跳出的誤區(qū)：

在文中找到例子決不能往后面讀，一些考生往往找到例子之后往后面讀，這樣正好掉入出題人所設(shè)計的圈套，因為這樣讀下去離正確答案所在的位置越來越遠(yuǎn)。所以，記住：找到例子一定是往前面讀。

28. That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced fromthe fact that .( 1998，Passage 5，68題)

29.The case of Schutt helmet demonstratedthat.(1999,Passage 1，53題)

30. The author wants to prove with the example of Issac Newtonthat(1999, Passage 5，67題)

31.What does the example of Indiaillustrate?(2000，Passage 2，56題)

32.The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate. （2001， Passage 1，53題）

33.The writer mentionedthe case of the United States to justifythe policy of.(2001，Passage 2，57題)

34.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s .(2003， Text 2，48題)

35.The author uses the example of cancer patients to showthat.

絕招7.詞匯照應(yīng)法

（1995.63;1997.60；1998.52；1998.59；2001.69;2002.47;2002.59）

題型特點(diǎn)：

題干往往明確說出文中某一個詞或短語的意思是什么。這種考題所考的詞匯一般有兩種：一種是超綱詞，另一種是大綱之內(nèi)的詞。對于這種題，如果考的是超綱詞，則所選擇的答案往往是語義較簡單的選項，如果考的是大綱之內(nèi)的詞匯，則所選擇的答案往往是四個選項中語義較難的一個選項。

解題思路：

對于每一位考生來說，所考的是大綱內(nèi)的詞還是大綱外的詞，考生做題時必須回到原文，結(jié)合上下文充分理解所做的題的詞義，然后再做出正確的判斷。

36. The word “pervasive”(Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean .(1997, Passage 3，60題)

37. In Paragraph 5, “the powerless”probably refers to. (1998, Passage 1，52題)

38. The word “schism”(Line 4, Paragraph 1) in the context probably means . (1998, Passage 3，59題)

39.The word “gizmos” （Line 1,Paragrapn 2）most probably means.(2002，Text 2，47題)

40. Which of the following best defines the word“aggressive” （Line 4, Paragraph 7）?(2002，Text 4，59題)

絕招8.上中下推理法

考研的推斷題可以分為三種：一種是演繹推斷法，第二種是歸納推斷法，第三種是近義替換法。

演繹推斷法即所謂的下推法，文中是一句概括的、綜合的句子，根據(jù)這個句子設(shè)計一個題，四個選項都是細(xì)節(jié)的，能夠被文中這句概括的句子在語義上所包含。這種題的題干中標(biāo)記性詞匯是infer。

歸納推斷法即所謂的上推法，文中是多個細(xì)節(jié)語義的句子，根據(jù)這些細(xì)節(jié)語義設(shè)計一個題，四個選項有一個是概括的語義，這個語義能包含文中幾個細(xì)節(jié)語義的句子所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。這種題的題干中標(biāo)記性詞匯是draw conclusion from...

近意替換法是一個題的四個選項中是正確答案的選項所表達(dá)的語意跟文中某一句話的語義是近意替換，后者同一個句子中的一些詞匯用近意替換。這種題的題干中標(biāo)記性詞匯是learn from...

歷年推斷題（1995.61; 1997.51；1997.56;1999.63; 1995.62; 1995.64; 1995.66;1995.69; 1995.70; 1999.58；1999.66；2000.70; 2001.52; 2001.65）

演繹推斷：（1995.61; 1997.56; 1999.58；2001.52）

這種題型是歷年考研題中出現(xiàn)頻率比較高的一種題型，幾乎每年的考研真題中要出現(xiàn)兩次或者更多。

41. From the passage we can inferthat.(1995， Passage 3，61題)

42. It could be inferred fromthe last paragraph that.(1997, Passage2，56題)

43. It can be inferred from the last paragraphthat. (1999, Passage 4，66題)

44.From Paragraph 4 we can inferthat . (2001，Passage 4，65題)

近義替換推斷：

這種題的顯性標(biāo)記是learn from，learn等詞，往往正確答案是文中的相應(yīng)句子中某個詞匯或短語的近義替換,換句話說，如果所設(shè)置的選項是文中的原詞或原句，重復(fù)不是答案，同時表達(dá)語義不一致者也不是答案。

45.We can learn from the first paragraph that (1999, Passage 4，63題)

歸納推斷法：

這種題的答案往往具有綜合、概括的特點(diǎn)，一般具有表示”一些、幾個“的名詞或表示復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞。

46. From the passage we can draw the conclusionthat.(1995， Passage 4，66題)

絕招9.難句破解法

研究生入學(xué)考題每年都要考查考生對所閱讀的材料中某一比較精練的句子的正確理解，這些句子有的是諺語，有的是成語甚至有的是典故。所以這些題在試卷上出現(xiàn)往往成為考生難以對付的題型之一。而這種題如果考生掌握了適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄒ膊浑y。

題型特點(diǎn)：

往往考查考生對文中一個比較精煉的句子或者文中的一個成語的理解，有時候甚至考查考生對雙關(guān)語的理解。這種題的題干中往往有如下詞： mean， imply等。

解題思路：

這種題不能簡單地就這個句子本身來理解，而必須結(jié)合上下文把這個句子放在一個語境下來理解，這樣才有助于對句子的準(zhǔn)確理解。

（1996.51；1997.52；1997.69；1998.51；2000.68）

47.What do the elders meanwhen they say,“It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get”? (1996, Passage 1,51題)

48. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means . (1997, Passage 1，52題)

49. The sentence “This is no flash in the pan”(Line 5, Paragraph 3) meansthat . (1997， Passage 5，69題)

50.The third sentence of Paragraph 1 impliesthat. (1998, Passage 1，51題)

51.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probablyimpliesthat it is. (2000,Passage 5，68題)

絕招10.正誤判定法

正誤判定法在歷年考研真題中分為兩種：一種是四個選項中有一個跟文中一致，是正確的答案，這時候其他三個選項有三種情況：要么跟文中語義相反，要么跟文中語義不一致或者文中根本找不到。另一種是四個選項中有一個選項跟文中說法不一致，這個選項或者文中沒有或者跟文中的說法相反或者跟文中說法不一致。

判正法：

這種題要求考生判斷四個選項中哪一個是正確的。這種題的出法往往是： which of the following is true?

52. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? (1997, Passage 4，64題)

53. Which of the following is trueaccording to the passage? (1998, Passage 3，61題)

54.Which of the following is trueaccording to the author?(2000,Passage 4，65題)

55.Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?(2001，Passage 5，67題)

判誤法 :

這種題在考研閱讀中也往往頻繁出現(xiàn)，題干總說下面哪一個說法不包含，或者說所有說法文中都有除了哪一個，或者說下面哪一個說法不正確等。這種題是答案的選項有三種情況：要么文中沒有出現(xiàn)；要么文中的說法與是答案是矛盾的說法；要么是答案的選項所表達(dá)的語義與文中的說法不一致。

56. In the passage, which of the following is NOT includedin the advantages of advertising? (1995, Passage 1，52題)

57.For personal growth ,the author advocates all of the following except. (1995， Passage 2，58題)

58.In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not-mentionedas the key issue? (1996， Passage 2，56題)

59.According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT that. (1996， Passage 3，61題)

60. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage? (1998, Passage 2，58題)

61.The panel agreed on all of the following exceptthat.(1999, Passage 4，64題)

絕招11.本喻體互助法

這種考題主要考查考生對文中作者所寫的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行闡明時的邏輯方法，作者想表達(dá)清楚一個觀點(diǎn)時往往用打比方的方法把一個觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)清楚。這樣出題人往往巧妙地利用了這種邏輯關(guān)系，有三種出題的方法：一種是把題干出在觀點(diǎn)上，考查考生對喻體的理解。第二種是把題干出在喻體上考查考生對觀點(diǎn)的理解。第三種是所出的題考查考生對觀點(diǎn)和喻體之間的邏輯關(guān)系。

62. A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as. (1996， Passage 1，52題)

63.A technologist can be compared to an artist because. (1996， Passage 4，65題)

64.When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means. (1997, Passage 1,52題)

65.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.(2000,Passage 5，68題)

絕招12.詞篇判態(tài)度法

態(tài)度題是考研英語中必考的一種題型，對于這種題考生必須依據(jù)文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞來判斷作者的態(tài)度。

一種方法是靠詞匯的色彩來判斷，如文中出現(xiàn)：responsible, dutiful, convincing等表明贊同的、積極的態(tài)度。如出現(xiàn)：irresponsible, doubtful, unforeseeable等詞表明是悲觀的、反對的態(tài)度。

另一種方法是靠文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)來判斷，如果一篇文章的結(jié)尾部分是并列的疑問，則作者是一種客觀的態(tài)度，如果結(jié)尾部分是有問有答的形式，則作者的態(tài)度是主觀的態(tài)度。如果一篇文章的結(jié)尾部分使用數(shù)據(jù)表明了一個趨勢向不好的方面發(fā)展，則作者是悲觀的態(tài)度。反之，作者是樂觀的態(tài)度。

題型特點(diǎn)：題干中往往包含如下詞匯：attitude,tone,viewpoint 等。

解題思路：重點(diǎn)從以下三個方面入手：

(1)用文中的adj./adv.eg: an important wave

(2)用句子的否定和肯定形式

(3)分析文章結(jié)尾處

66.The author is most critical of. (1996，Passage 3，62題)

67. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of. (1997, Passage 1，54題)

68. The author’s attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience”is. (1998, Passage 3，62題)

69.Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be . (2001，Passage 4，66題)

70.From the text we can see that the writer seems.(2002， Text 3，55題)

絕招13.首末段定主旨法

考研的主旨題是一種相對來說比較難的題，它要求考生能夠從宏觀上把握整篇文章的主要思想以及全文所表達(dá)的主要意思。

題干特點(diǎn)：

這種題的題干往往是What’s the main idea of this passage?The best title of this passage is;What is this passage mainly about?這種題往往出現(xiàn)在一篇文章后面的幾個題中的第一個或比較后一個。

解題思路：

這種題的做題方法是牢牢抓住首段和末段，看哪一個選項所表達(dá)的意思能夠涵蓋首段和末段的語義，則這個選項一定是答案。因為首段具有開啟下文的作用，而末段具有總結(jié)前文的作用。

答案特點(diǎn):

這種題的答案具有簡潔性、概括性和抽象性的特點(diǎn)。

71.The best title for this passage might be. (1996， passage 4，66題)

72. The best title for this passage could be . (1997, Passage 4，66題)

73. The passage is mainly about . (1998, Passage 5，70題)

74.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?(2000,Passage 2，58題)

75.What is the passage mainly about? (2001，Passage 3，59題)

76.The best title for the text may be.(2002， Text 1，45題)

二、英譯漢部分

對于這一部分，考生要認(rèn)真把握從英語到漢語的過程中定語從句的翻譯。英語的定語比較靈活，一個核心詞后面的不定式、形容詞短語、介詞短語和分詞短語都可以做定語，而這些要翻譯成漢語必須前移，這是英漢語言的特征所決定的。

其次，英語的狀語從句在漢語中的位置和在英語中的位置也有所不同，考生也要注意。

第三，對于英語中的省略和倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，漢語中的表達(dá)方式也是不一樣的。

第四，考生要注意句子中指代詞的處理。

比較后，被動結(jié)構(gòu)處理也是英漢語言比較大的差異之一，各位考生應(yīng)該注意：漢語多主動結(jié)構(gòu)，英語則多被動結(jié)構(gòu)。

第三部分寫作

寫作部分與2005的變化不大，仍然是一篇應(yīng)用文和一篇短文。應(yīng)用文包括：私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄(memo)、摘要(summery )、報告(report)等。這部分滿分10分。短文要求根據(jù)提示信息寫160～200詞，提示信息的形式有主題句、寫作提綱、規(guī)定情景、圖表等。此部分總分20分。

一、 應(yīng)用文

1. 常用句子

I shall feel obliged if you will favor me with a call at your earliest convenience.

如您方便，請早日來電，我將不勝感激。

Delighted! Will call at 2 p.m. tomorrow.

來條收悉，定于明天下午兩點(diǎn)拜訪。

I shall be very happy to call at your house at 6:30 this everything. Until then,...

我定于今晚6：30去你家，望等候。

Upon receiving this note, please come to my office.

見條后，請立即來我辦公室。

Mr. Li stands in urgent need of your service.

李先生急需你的幫助。

I happen to be in urgent need of 200 yuan.

我因有急事，需要200元。

Yours note with an admission ticket enclosed is much appreciated.

留言和一張入場券均已收到，不勝感激。

I’m very grateful to you for your kind invitation, and I’m sure to come to see your concert.

承蒙邀請觀看你們的音樂會，我一定按時到場。

Please accept this little gift as my esteem for you.

奉上這小小的禮物，以表達(dá)我對您的崇高敬意。

2．結(jié)束語

I trust my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience.

望我的缺席不會給你帶來太大的不便。

Please favor me with an early reply.

敬請早復(fù)。

Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.

希望能及早處理此事。

Please give an extension of leave for three days.

請準(zhǔn)予續(xù)假三天為盼。

二、英文寫作常用句型

（一）段首句

1．關(guān)于……人們有不同的觀點(diǎn)，一些人認(rèn)為……

2．關(guān)于……人們的觀點(diǎn)各不相同，一些人認(rèn)為（說）……，在他們看來，……

3．現(xiàn)在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因為……，另外（而且）……

4．任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

5．……已成為人們關(guān)注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當(dāng)中，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。

6．……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發(fā)一些嚴(yán)重的問題。

7．人類正面臨著一個嚴(yán)重的問題--……，這個問題變得越來越嚴(yán)重。首先……，其次……

8．俗話說（常言道），……，它是我們前輩的經(jīng)驗，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適用。

9．現(xiàn)在，有……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先，……；其次，……更為糟糕的是……

10．根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……很顯然……，但是為什么呢？

（二）中間段落句

1.相反，有一些人贊成……，他們相信……，而且，他們認(rèn)為……

2.但是，我認(rèn)為這不是解決……的好方法，比如……比較糟糕的是……

3.臨……，我們應(yīng)該采取一系列行之有效的方法來……一方面……，另一方面，所有國家的政府應(yīng)該頒布法規(guī)來……比較后，應(yīng)該鼓勵進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究，探索出解決……的行之有效的方法。

4.早就應(yīng)該拿出行動了。比如說……，另外……所有這些方法肯定會……

5.……對我們國家的發(fā)展和建設(shè)是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……而且……，比較重要的是……

6.有幾個可供我們采納的方法。首先，我們可以……；……有一些好處，另外一種解決的方法是……

7．為什么……？第一個原因是……；第二個原因是……；第三個原因是……總的來說，……的主要原因是由于……

8．然而，正如任何事物都有好壞兩個方面一樣，……也有它的不利的一面，象……此外……

9．盡管如此，我認(rèn)為……更有利。

10．同意……這種觀點(diǎn)（陳述），主要理由如下：

（三）結(jié)尾句

1.至于我（對我來說，就我而言），我認(rèn)為……更合理。只有這樣，我們才能……

2.對我來說，我認(rèn)為有必要……。原因如下：第一，……；第二，……；比較后但同樣重要的是……

3.至于我，在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點(diǎn)，我認(rèn)為……

4.總而言之，整個社會應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注……這個問題。只有這樣，我們才能在將來……

5.但是，……和……都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢（好處）。例如，……，而……然而，把這兩者相比較，我更傾向于（喜歡）……

6.就我個人而言，我相信……，因此，我堅信美好的未來正等著我們。因為……

7.隨著社會的發(fā)展，……因此，迫切需要……如果每個人都愿為社會貢獻(xiàn)自己的一份力量，這個社會將要變得越來越好。

8.在總體上很難說……是好還是壞，因為它在很大程度上取決于……的形勢。然而，就我個人而言，我發(fā)現(xiàn)……

9.綜上所述，我們可以清楚地得出結(jié)論……

10.如果我們不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了這種趨勢，就會出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我們應(yīng)該做的是……

（四）圖表作文：

1.從圖中我們可以看到，從……到……趨勢上升比較快。這段時間的增長和上升是從……到……時間的……倍。

2.這個增長表明了……發(fā)展的強(qiáng)勁發(fā)展。

3. 這個發(fā)展主要?dú)w功于以下幾個原因：首先……其次……還有……

三、對應(yīng)英語

（一）段首句

1．There are different opinions among people as to . Some people suggest that.

2.People’s opinions aboutvary from person to person. Some people say that .To them,.

3.Nowadays,it is common to.Many people like because . Besides,.

4.Everything has two sides and is not an exception, it has both advantages and disadvantages.

5.has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way.

6.has been playing an increasingly important role in our day瞭o瞕ay life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

7.Man is now facing a big problem-,which is becoming more and more serious.First,.Second,.

8.There is an old saying,.It’s the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.

9.Today,there are,which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First,.Second,．What makes things worse is that.

10.According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line graph, it can be seen thatwhile.Obviously,,but why?

（二）中間段落句

1.On the contrary, there are some people in favor of.At the same time, they say.

2.But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve.For example,.Worst of all,.

3.Confronted with,we should take a series of effective measures to.For one thing,.For another, governments of all countries are supposed to lay down rules and regulations to .Finally, scientific researches should be encouraged to work out efficient methods of .

4.It is high time that something was done about it. For example,.In addition,.All these measures will certainly.

5. is necessary and important to our country’s development and construction. First,.What’s more,.Most important of all, .

6.There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can, there are a number of advantages of .Another solution is to.

7.Why?The first reason is that.The second reason is.The third is.For all this, the main cause of if due to.

8.However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides,also has its own disadvantages, such as.Besides,.

9.Nonetheless, I reckon that is more advantageous.

10.I fully agree with the statement thatbecause .

（三）結(jié)尾句

1.For my part, I think it reasonable to. Only in this way can you.

2.In my opinion, I think it necessary to.The reasons are as follows,First,.Second,.Last but not least,.

3.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that.

4.In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of.Only in this way can in the future.

5.Butandhave their own advantages. For example,,while. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to.

6.Personally, I believe that. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because.

7.With the development of society,.So it’s urgent and necessary to .If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

8. It is difficult to say whether is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of . However, from a personal point of view I find .

9.From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that .

10.If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable results may come up unexpectedly, so what we should do is .

（四）圖表作文：

1． From the chart/graph/table..., we can see from ...to..., the trend / tendency of...keeps a quick/fast/rapid/rise/climb up/ jump, which shows the growth/increase of ...is ... times that of ...;

2.This increase/ jump/ growth/ ...displays the developing strength of ...;

3.This development of increase contributes a lot to the following several reasons:First...Secondly,...Thirdly...