1.這篇文章的第一段是總論，指出科學(xué)與其它社會文化之間的矛盾很嚴(yán)峻。

2.第234段描述科學(xué)家們反擊其它部門，斥之為反科學(xué)（antiscience）。

3.第567段則指出科學(xué)家們的樹敵范圍過寬，按文末哈佛一學(xué)者的話說，“所有那些煩擾或威脅那些自以為更開明的人（指科學(xué)家）的人”都會被貼上反科學(xué)的帽子。


接著再去思考末尾的問題Q62，答案選哪個(gè)？


Passage3

Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo’s17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church of poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has，if anything，deepened in this century.

Until recently，the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics but no longer. As funding for science has declined，scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books，notably Higher Superstition，by Paul R.Gross，a biologist at the University of Virginia，and Norman Levitt，a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World，by Car Sagan of Cornell University.

Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason，”held in New York City in1995，and “Science in the Age of（Mis）information，”which assembled last June near Buffalo.

Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists，philosophers and other academics who have questioned science’s objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts，creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.

A survey of news stories in1996reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well，from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber，whose manifesto，published in1995，scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience，as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.

The environmentalists，inevitably，respond to such critics. The true enemies of science，argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University，a pioneer of environmental studies，are those who question the evidence supporting global warming，the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. Indeed，some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term ‘a(chǎn)ntiscience’ can lump together too many，quite different things，”notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his1993work Science and Anti-Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.”



62.The author’s attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience” is .

A. impartial B. subjective C. biased D. puzzling


這道題涉及作者對“科學(xué)pk其它文化”這個(gè)矛盾的態(tài)度。從第一段的開頭就能看出，作者只是以局外人的姿態(tài)，指出兩者之間的矛盾嚴(yán)峻，作者應(yīng)該是中立態(tài)度；再者，根據(jù)上面對文章主題兩層語義的分析，作者既指出科學(xué)家的反擊，也指出他們的過火，換言之，作者的討論是很辨證的，是客觀中立的。綜合起來，答案選A“中立的”。

能接受嗎？同學(xué)們要學(xué)會正確地分析文章的主旨和作者的傾向，從而把題目作對。