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考研英語聽力之一——數(shù)字表達(dá)類基本要求

來源:中國考試網(wǎng) 時間:2004-04-09 13:26:43
  語言是什么?


  語言首先是一種交流的工具。人們在日常生活中,主要通過四種方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)這種交流功能,即:聽,說,讀,寫。據(jù)專家統(tǒng)計(jì),聽和說在人們的交際中所占的比率比較大,分別為45%和38%。聽和說是語言活動中比較重要的功能,然而它們也恰恰是我國英語教學(xué)中比較難解決的方面。聽是吸收,是輸入;說是釋放,是輸出。只有聽的清楚,聽的明白,才能說的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),說的流暢;而也只有說的流暢,說的自然,才能聽的明白,聽的自如。聽和說是相互聯(lián)系,相輔相成的。為了很好的體現(xiàn)英語聽說技能不分家的特點(diǎn),更是為了達(dá)到考研大綱對考生的這種互動能力的考查要求,我們結(jié)合考研大綱聽力部分的考查特點(diǎn)及重點(diǎn),并通過典型試題分析,以及多年的實(shí)際聽力教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn),特提供以下幾種日常交際中的重要語言功能交流例句,希望能給廣大考生帶來幫助。


  一、數(shù)字表達(dá)類(Numbers)


  研究生入學(xué)考試聽力試題中第一部分為填充表格,其中很大一部分是根據(jù)所聽內(nèi)容填寫諸如數(shù)字、時間和地點(diǎn)等具體信息。而數(shù)字、時間等信息正是中國考生比較不容易聽清楚的。下面我們將數(shù)字、時間等英語語言信息的日常表達(dá)方法介紹給大家:


  1.英語中純數(shù)字的表達(dá)方法


  小數(shù)和分?jǐn)?shù):


  0.17zero point one seven / point seventeen / zero point seventeen


  1/2one half


  1/3one /a third


  3/4three fourths


  7??2/5seven and two fifths


  大于100的數(shù)字:


  101one hundred (and ) one


  200two hundred


  998nine hundred ( and ) ninety??eight


  在英語中上面括弧中的and一般不能省略;而在美國英語中卻往往省去。請分析下面的對話:
  A:How many people are presnt in the party last night?


  B: That's nine hundred and ninety-eight, exactly.


  A: Woo, you must be joking. How can you get such an accurate number?


  B: Ha, ha... surely I am joking. You silly goose.


  大于1000的數(shù)字:


  1001a/one thousand (and) one


  2232two thousand two hundred (and) thirty??two


  900,732,266,043


  nine hundred billion seven hundred thirty??two million two hundred sixty??six thousand and forty three


  英語中一千以上數(shù)字的表達(dá)方法是以三位數(shù)為單元,從高到低billion,million,thousand而依次讀出的。因此我們在聽時,可以三位數(shù)三位數(shù)地記錄。試比較下面的對話:


  A:Can you tell me exactly the numbers of the whole people in our country?


  B:One billion four hundred thirty??two million two hundred sixty??six thousand and forty three.


  A:Thank you very much.


  2.英語中時間的表達(dá)方法


  英語中時間的表達(dá)方法主要有直接法和借用介詞法等。


  (1)直接法。


  上午八點(diǎn)eight AM (a.m.)[ei em]


  下午九點(diǎn)nine PM (p.m.)[pi:em]


  六點(diǎn)六分six six


  六點(diǎn)三十二six thirty two


  八點(diǎn)正eight o??clock


  (2)借用介詞法。


  八點(diǎn)四十五a quarter to nine


  七點(diǎn)零五分five past seven


  七點(diǎn)五十四six to eight


  六點(diǎn)半half past six


  (3)表示正點(diǎn)的用法。


  十一點(diǎn)正at 11 o??clock sharp


  at 11 o??clock on the hour


  at 11 o??clock on the strike


  正午12點(diǎn)at noon


  午夜12點(diǎn)at midnight


  (注:12點(diǎn)22分可讀作:twelve twenty-two: twenty-two past twelve(英式說法);twenty-two after twelve(美式說法)


  1點(diǎn)15可讀作:one fifteen; a quarter past one(英式說法):a quarter after one(美英說法)   8點(diǎn)50分可讀作:eight fifty; ten to nine(英式說法);ten before nine(美式說法)


  1點(diǎn)40分可讀作:one forty; twenty to two(英式說法);twenty before two(美式說法)


  “提前半小時”可用:half an hour early; thirty minutes early; early by half an hour; half an hour ahead of time; half an hour ahead of schedule等來表示。)


  時間表示法和時段的簡單運(yùn)算是聽力考試的熱點(diǎn),請看下面的對話:


  W: How long does the class usually last?


  M: Umm, let me think. It starts from a quarter to nine, and ends at nine thirty. So...

  Q: When does the class usually start?


  3.英語中貨幣的表達(dá)方法


  英國貨幣:penny(便士)/pence (penny的復(fù)數(shù)),pound (£)


  £20.50:twenty pounds fifty pence,也可以簡單地寫作:twenty fifty


  美國貨幣:


  1美元鈔票a S|1.00 bill


  1 dollar=100 cents


  (S|1.00=one dollar)


  (S|2.00=two dollars)


  25美分1 quarter


  10美分1 dime


  5美元1 nickel


  1美分1 penny


  S|15.95:fifteen dollars ninety-five cents,或fifteen ninety-five.


  (注:表示正常價格: regular price, normal price.


  表示價格劃算:a good buy, a better buy, an excellent price, a good price/ bargain.


  表示價格較貴:dear, expensive, more expensive, steep.


  表示價格便宜:cheap, inexpensive, bargain price, less expensive.


  表示減價出售:sale price, on sale, garage sale, Christmas sale, special price.

  詞組:discount, half, double, cut off, knock off, twice as much as ,cross off, etc.)   4.英語中關(guān)于數(shù)字及其計(jì)算的聽力考點(diǎn)


  (1)數(shù)字辨別:


  有關(guān)數(shù)字辨別的一個關(guān)鍵考點(diǎn)就是類似30/13,40/14,50/15,60/16的聽音,看大家能否聽出其發(fā)音區(qū)別。聽力理解中難以分辨的基數(shù)詞主要有以下幾對:


  thirteen與thirty; fourteen與forty; fifteen與fifty; sixteen與sixty; seventeen與seventy;eighteen與eighty; nineteen與ninety,在英文中這幾對數(shù)詞叫做teens and tens(十幾與幾十)�! 〔还芗訙p還是乘除,這類題中至少會出現(xiàn)兩個數(shù)字,你的任務(wù)就是迅速地判斷這兩者的關(guān)系,然后根據(jù)聽音再確定正確選項(xiàng)。


  (2)加減法計(jì)算:


  在需要簡單的加減法計(jì)算的題型中,對話中至少出現(xiàn)兩個數(shù)字,它們之間的關(guān)系往往用“多少”、“遲早”、“快慢”、“前后”的形容詞、副詞或介詞短語等來表達(dá)。還要注意一些能夠表示數(shù)的存在或引起數(shù)的變化的動詞,這些動詞也能確定數(shù)字之間的加減關(guān)系,例如:


  be, have, start, begin, spend, miss, leave, postpone, prolong, increase, add, borrow, lend, loan, delay, save, go up, go down, rate, at x% off the price等。


  大家還應(yīng)該記住下面這些表示加減關(guān)系的詞:


  more(多),less(少),late(晚),early(早),fast(快),slow(慢),before(前),after(后),add/addition(加上),plus(加上),subtract/ subtraction(減去),minus(減去)


  Dialogue 1:


  M: This black bag is 2.00 and that blue one is a dollar more.


  W: The red one is twice as much as the blue one.


  Q: How much are two red bags?


  A.S|4.00B.S|6.00


  C.S|8.00D.S|12.00


  這道題從選擇項(xiàng)上來看非常簡單,因?yàn)閿?shù)字不大,所以乍一看選擇項(xiàng)有可能放松警惕,而實(shí)際上,這道貌似簡單的題,中間卻暗含著陷阱。因?yàn)樵闹刑岬絙lack、blue、red三個顏色的bag,比較后提問的是紅色書包的價格,包含了一個加法和乘法運(yùn)算。如果大家在聽的時候沒記好,又沒有做好筆記,就很容易出錯。因此,在聽力答題中要保持一個清醒的頭腦,穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打是成功的重要保證。


  Dialogue 2:


  W: Three hours ago, I saw Bob at a meeting. Is he home yet?


  M: No. He said he would be back at four and it??s six already.


  Question: What time did the woman see Bob?


  A??2∶00 B??3∶00 C??5∶00 D??6∶00


  在這個例子中,見到Bob的具體時間必須依據(jù)現(xiàn)在的時間推斷出�,F(xiàn)在時間是6點(diǎn)鐘,而說話人是在三小時之前見到Bob的,因而那時的時間約是3點(diǎn)鐘。正確的選項(xiàng)是B.


  Dialogue 3:


  M:Which coat did you finally decide to buy?


  W: Well, I would like to buy the green one, but it was S|85.00, so I bought the pink one instead, and save S|35.00.


  Question: How much did the woman pay for the coat?


  A??60 B??75 C??90 D??50


  原對話中并未直接給出說話人所購買的衣服的價錢,但可以通過其他信息推算出來。灰色衣服是85元,而買棕色的可以節(jié)省35元,即棕色的衣服是50元。應(yīng)選D.


  Dialogue 4:


  W.How many people showed up for the meeting yesterday, thirty?


  M:Twenty-five are expected to come, but the number was double that.


  Question: What??s the actual number of people who attended the meeting?


  A??20 B??35 C??35 D??50


  此題中的運(yùn)算關(guān)系由double一詞體現(xiàn)出來,即雙倍的。原來預(yù)計(jì)有25人到場,實(shí)際上是原先的兩倍,因而正確的選項(xiàng)是D.
結(jié)束

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