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03年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題分析

來源:中國招生考試在線 時間:2003-06-27 18:22:00
Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension

  Part A[答案]

  11876 21981 3textiles 419,1375concerts


 �。垆浺粑母澹�

  Boston Museum of Fine Arts is a privately funded museum of fine arts. It was founded in 1870, and open to public in 1876. Originally housed in Copply Square, the museum moved in 1909 to its current location, in another district in Boston.

  The building was designed by American architect Guy Lowell, and features a grand dome with ceiling paintings by American painter John Singer Sergeant. The most recent addition to the building is its west wing, designed by a Chinese American architect and completed in 1981.

  The museum is dividedsintosnine departments, including classical, ancient Egyptian, decorative arts and sculpture, paintings, contemporary and, the most remarkable one, textiles.The collections range from ancient history to the present and include such pieces as the Silver Liberty Bowl, portraits of George Washington and Martha Washington, painted by Gilbert Charles Steward and a number of works by French painter Claude Monet.

  The gallerys exhibition space is 19,137m2. About 800,000 people visit the museum each year. In addition to its galleries, collections and travelling exhibitions, the museum provides programs that include classes, lectures, concerts and films for adults, children and families.

  Part B[答案]

  6(the couple) themselves

  7constructively

  8a qualified psychologist

  9good intentions

  10absence

 �。垆浺粑母澹�

  W:When a couple runssintosmarriage problems,swheresshould they turn?

  M:The primary source of help should be the couple themselves. The last book I wrote, Four Weekends to an Ideal Marriage, describes how people can strengthen communication by setting aside a special time or place to meet and discuss their relationship. If they cannot communicate verbally, they might at least write down a list of things that they feel have gone wrong in the marriage. The idea is to discuss these matters constructively, not to be vicious in the criticism. Some church groups have been very successful with marriage encounter weekends that help couples with this process.

  W:What if a couple cant work things out for themselves?

  M:If people feel so bitter that they cannot even talk with each other, they should consider very seriously a "qualified" psychologist. And I stress "qualified", because there are a lot of unqualified people out there who can make things worse. The best approach I believe is to ask your family physician. If you areshavingssome family problems or marriage problems, who would you seek out? In the main priests, despite good intentions, are not successful in counselling troubled couples, except for those who had special training in the behavioural sciences. If these two approaches do not work, then maybe the only solution is a divorce. This is particularly true if one of the parties simply refuses to work toward repairing the marriage, orshavingsgone through counselling does not want to implement the ideas suggested.

  W:How useful are trial separations?

  M:There is value only if during the course of the separation the parties are actively doing something to come close together and to find solutions to their problems. Merely relying on the old notion that absence will make the heart grow fonder never works.

  Part C[答案]

  11D12A13D14B15C

  16B17B18C19A20D

  [錄音文稿]-1

  If you feel tired all the time, you dont necessarily need to go to bed earlier-the solution could be as simple as taking a five-minute afternoon nap.

  Children under five have an abundance of energy and one of the reasons is because they nap once or twice a day. Many sleep experts think were programmed to take a nap during the day, and getting backsintosthis habit can be a solution for those who feel tired all the time.

  Prof Chris Idzikowski of the Sleep Advisory and Assessment Centre thinks that one can feel refreshed after just five minutessleep. And research has shown that concentration and attention are improved after even a short nap.

  Sleep is genetically programmed in babies and its only as we get older that we learn to sleep for about eight hours a night and not at all during the day. But most research suggests that we are not physically designed to sleep for one long, single block.

  Before the working day became nine to five, all Western sleep patterns were more broken up. Research has shown that in the Middle Ages, peoples sleep quite often occurred in three distinct parts-a nap in the afternoon, an early morning nap and another, longer sleep until dawn.

  So if you do find yourself feeling sleepy through the day, dont feel youre being lazy by giving in to sleep andshavingsa nap. Your increased energy and alertness will make the rest of your day extra productive.

 �。垆浺粑母澹�-2

  W:Good morning, Dr. Sherman Alexie. Lets talk about your life.swheresdo you come from?

  M:I come from the Rez, an Indian reservation. I grew up there, lived there until 18. I lived on and off the reservation for the next 6 or 7 years during college. I lived there after I graduated and worked at a high school exchange program. I thought I do that kind of job to support my writing, day jobs that require no emotional investment beyond 8 hours a dayswheresI would not need to bring work home. I did not want to be part of management or anybody important on the job. I wanted to be completely replaceable. That is what I thought I would be doing for most of my life and writing. Then I got a grant and my first book got a front page review in the New York Times Book Review.

  W:When did writing enter your life?

  M:Books have always been in my life. My dad loved books and most of what he read were westerns, spy novels, mysteries. I grew up loving books, copying my dads love for books. But nobody had showed me a book written by an Indian, not even one piece of a poem. Nothing. At that time, I was going to be a physician. I loved maths and science. I got to college, could not handle physiology, and was looking around for options and took a poetry writing class for fun.

  W:Poetry was your way in?

  M:ThatsswheresI started. I took the class and honestly I thought poetry would be an easy grade. But I completely underestimated poetry and what it would do to me, and a realm of possibility for it. I took the class and was hooked about ten minutes after reading my first contemporary poem.

  [錄音文稿]-3

  In public speaking, the watchword is preparation. Most of us tend to put things off, at least occasionally. Its so easy to put things off, especially those things we do not look forward to doing. So if a speaking engagement is several weeks off, we may feel we still have plenty of time. But as the day draws closer, we begin to panic.

  Do not let this happen to you. Start preparing as soon as you are given or accept the speaking assignment. You have much to do and to do it right will take time. How much better your speech will be, how much better you will feel, if you have taken the time to do it right. When you are prepared, you have gathered the needed data, determined what is appropriate to the listenersunderstanding and acceptance levels, organized the ideas so they flow logically, selected examples and other supports for your ideas, and made them interesting to your listeners. Develop a great opening that you know will catch the attention of even daydreamers in your audience.Check out the room you will be speaking. Request any feasible changes which you wish in the setup of the room. If you are prepared, you are confident you can best convey your message to your listeners.

  If you have waited until a few days before your presentation to begin to prepare, or worse yet the day before, no doubt you will be anxious,and with good reasons. Now there is not enough time to engage in more than a superficial attempt. Both you and your audience will feel uncomfortable. Like retirement planning, it is never too early to start preparing for your presentation. So start preparing right away.

  SectionⅡUse of English

  21[答案]A[考點]短語give thought to的用法

 �。鄯治觯荼绢}要求考生判斷在四個選項中哪一個能與give…to構(gòu)成短語。在英語中g(shù)ive thought to(給予考慮)是一個固定搭配,如:I gave much thought to what he said yesterday.(我對他昨天說的那番話作了許多考慮)。其中的thought不能替換為別的詞匯,因此[B]idea和[C]opinion應(yīng)該排除。[D]advice(忠告)填入空缺后,結(jié)構(gòu)上可以講得通,但意義上不符合要求。

  22[答案]B[考點]動詞accommodate的特殊意義

 �。鄯治觯荼揪湎嚓P(guān)的部分說,老師應(yīng)該注意青少年所面臨的感情上、思想上和身體上的變化,他們須認(rèn)真考慮這些青少年如何能夠……這些變化。這里所需要的動詞應(yīng)該是"適應(yīng)"。

  本題要求考生判斷在四個選項中哪一個有"適應(yīng)"的意思。在所提供的選項中,四個動詞四個方向,意思各不相同。只有[B]accommodate(留宿,收容)有"適應(yīng)"的意思。

  23[答案]C[考點]上下文推理

 �。鄯治觯荼揪湎嚓P(guān)部分說,成長的身體需要運動和……,但不僅僅是在強調(diào)競賽的方面需要這些。本題要求考生判斷在四個選項中哪一個是身體成長的時候所需要的另一樣?xùn)|西。

  身體成長的時候需要的東西很多,從某種意義上說,選項中所提到的四種東西都是需要的,但是文章上下文對這里所需要的東西進行了限定,那就是它必須與競賽有關(guān)。在四個選項中,只有[C]exercise(鍛煉)可以用于競賽,因此它是正確答案。

  24[答案]D[考點]邏輯關(guān)系

  [分析]本句相關(guān)部分說,……他們正在適應(yīng)他們變化的身體和大量新的智力和感情的挑戰(zhàn),這些青少年自我意識特別強烈。本題要求考生判斷兩個句子之間是什么邏輯關(guān)系。

  從上下文看,兩個句子之間顯然是因果關(guān)系,即由于這些青少年正在適應(yīng)新的情況,因此他們的自我意識特別強烈。在四個選項中[A]If表示條件關(guān)系,[B]Although和[C]Whereas表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,只有[D]Because表示因果關(guān)系。

  25[答案]C[考點]上下文推理

 �。鄯治觯荼揪湎嚓P(guān)部分說,需要由獲得成功而得到的……。它要求考生判斷四個選項中哪一樣?xùn)|西可以從成功中得到。

  選項有[A]assistance(幫助),[B]guidance(引導(dǎo)),[C]confidence(自信)和[D]tolerance(容忍)。一般來講,獲得成功后,我們常常得到自信,而不是"幫助","指引"或"容忍"。因此[C]選項是正確答案。

  26[答案]B[考點]上下文推理

 �。鄯治觯荼揪湎嚓P(guān)部分說,青少年需要自信,自信來自成功,也來自他們的成績受到別人……。這里所需要的動詞應(yīng)該是"羨慕"、"仰慕"。因為只有自己的成績受到別人羨慕時,自己才會有一種自信。

  本題要求考生判斷四個選項中哪一個是"羨慕"、"仰慕"的意思。四個選項為[A]claimed(索取),[B]admired(羨慕),[C]ignored(忽視)和[D]surpassed(超越)。顯然,正確答案是[B]。

  27[答案]D[考點]上下文推理

 �。鄯治觯荼揪湎嚓P(guān)部分說,青少年典型的生活中已經(jīng)充滿了許多競爭,因此在策劃的活動中勝者多敗者少是……。這里所需要的意思是正面的,而不是反面的,因此可以排除[A]improper(不恰當(dāng)?shù)?和[B]risky(有危險的)。

  在剩下的[C]fair(公平的)和[D]wise(明智的)中,后者顯然更符合句意,因為這里的問題并不是公平不公平,而是明智不明智。由于青少年生活已經(jīng)充滿競爭,因此在活動中讓勝者多一些是明智的。

  28[答案]C[考點]邏輯關(guān)系

 �。鄯治觯荼揪湎嚓P(guān)部分說,要策劃一些勝者多敗者少的活動,接著又說,出版學(xué)生刊物時多發(fā)表一些學(xué)生寫的書評等等。本題要求考生判斷兩部分之間是什么邏輯關(guān)系。

  從上下文看,兩部分是例證的關(guān)系,因為"發(fā)表學(xué)生寫的書評"顯然是"勝者多敗者少的活動"的例子。四個選項中,[C]for example(例如)表示例證關(guān)系,是正確選項。其他選項[A]in effect(實際上),[B]as a result(結(jié)果)和[D]in a sense(在某種意義上講)都不符合句意。

  29[答案]A[考點]上下文推理

 �。鄯治觯荼揪淝斑吿岬揭邉澮恍﹦僬叨鄶≌呱俚幕顒�,其中一種活動就是"……學(xué)生創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)品"。這里所需要的動詞應(yīng)該是"展示"。

  本題要求考生判斷在選項中哪一個是"展示"的意思。四個選項為[A]displaying(展示),[B]describing(描寫),[C]creating(創(chuàng)造)和[D]exchanging(交換)。顯然只有[A]符合句意。

  30[答案]D[考點]近義形容詞辨析

 �。鄯治觯荼揪涞南嚓P(guān)部分說,各種小型俱樂部都可以為訓(xùn)練領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能提供……機會。它要求考生判斷小型俱樂部可以為訓(xùn)練領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能提供什么樣的機會。

  在選項中有[A]durable(持久耐用的),[B]excessive(過多的),[C]surplus(多余的)和[D]multiple(眾多的)。顯然只有[D]選項比較符合句意。

  31[答案]A[考點]上下文推理

  [分析]本句的相關(guān)部分說,各種小型俱樂部都可以為訓(xùn)練領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能提供多種機會,也在成功地處理……動態(tài)關(guān)系方面提供練習(xí)。本題要求考生判斷學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)處理什么樣的動態(tài)關(guān)系。

  dynamics意為"動力學(xué)","動態(tài)關(guān)系"。選項中有[A]group(小組),individual(個人),personnel(全體人員)和corporation(公司)。"個人"和"動態(tài)關(guān)系"兩個概念相互矛盾,"全體人員"和"公司"不適合文章談?wù)摰膶ο�。對于學(xué)校學(xué)生來說,在"小組動態(tài)關(guān)系"方面提供練習(xí)的說法比較合理,因此,[A]group為正確答案。

  32[答案]D[考點]上下文推理

 �。鄯治觯荼揪湎嚓P(guān)部分說,交朋友對青少年極端重要,許多靦腆的學(xué)生都需要某種團體所提供的……。本題要求考生判斷"團體"能夠為靦腆的學(xué)生提供什么。

  在選項中有consent(同意),insurance(保證),admission(接納)和security(安全感)。靦腆的學(xué)生所需要的顯然是"安全感",而不是"同意","保證"和"接納"。因為靦腆的學(xué)生需要交朋友,需要加入某種團體以獲得安全感。

  33[答案]B[考點]上下文推理

  [分析]前文提到,靦腆的學(xué)生需要一定的安全感,現(xiàn)在文章又解釋說,這種安全感來自一位成人在背后……能夠看見的地方提供支持。本題要求考生判斷這個成人是在背后什么樣的地方提供支持。

  選項中有particularly(特別),barely(僅僅),definitely(肯定)和rarely(很少,難得)。根據(jù)題意,青少年需要成人的支持,但不需要成人的參與,因此"特別"和"肯定"都不合適。但是,成人又不能離開或不在場,因此,"很少,難得"也不合適。成人必須在場,但又在不顯眼的地方,因此"僅僅能夠看見"符合題意。

  34[答案]D[考點]常識的運用

  [分析]本句中的attention span意為"注意力的持續(xù)時間"。本題要求考生判斷青少年的注意力持續(xù)時間是長還是短。

  按常理,青少年一般比較好動,往往不能持續(xù)地關(guān)注某一件事。據(jù)說,小學(xué)生注意力的持續(xù)時間大約為半小時,超過半小時后,他們就不能夠集中精力。隨著年齡的增長,人的注意力持續(xù)時間會增長,成人一般能夠持續(xù)工作3-4小時。在此題中,文章討論的是青少年的問題,因此應(yīng)該選擇[D]short。即"青少年的注意力持續(xù)時間較短"。

  35[答案]C[考點]邏輯關(guān)系

  [分析]本句前一部分意為"應(yīng)該組織各種各樣的活動";后一部分意為"參加者愿意活動多久就活動多久"。本題要求考生判斷兩部分之間是什么邏輯關(guān)系。

  從上下文看,兩者之間的關(guān)系是手段與目的的關(guān)系,即"應(yīng)該組織各種各樣的活動",以便讓"參加者愿意活動多久就活動多久"。選項[A]if only意為"如果……該有多好"。如:If only he comes on time.(要是他準(zhǔn)時來就好了!)選項[B]now that意為"既然",如:Now that everyone is here,lets start the meeting.(既然所有人都到了,我們開會吧。)選項[D]even if意為"即使",如:Even if he came,the result would be the same.(即使他來了,結(jié)果還是會一樣。)只有選項[C]so that(以便,以致)表示目的,符合題意,是正確選項。

  36[答案]D[考點]語法知識

 �。鄯治觯荼绢}要求考生判斷選項中的everything,nothing,anything和something哪一個與else搭配比較符合題意。

  在不同情況下,四個選項都可與else搭配。但是,根據(jù)語法的要求,anything只能用于疑問句和否定句中,所以在此不適合。而nothing和everything不符合題意,因為這里所需要的是"其他某種活動"的意思,而不是"其他所有活動"或"沒有其他任何活動"。因此[D]something是正確選項。

  37[答案]B[考點]短語let…down的用法

  [分析]句子相關(guān)部分說,應(yīng)該組織各種各樣的活動,以使參加者愿意活動多久就活動多久,然后轉(zhuǎn)入別的活動,而不會感到內(nèi)疚,或讓其他參加者……。這里所需要的顯然是"失望"之類的意思。

  本題要求考生在選項中挑選一個副詞,與let搭配并表示"失望"。所有選項都可以與let搭配,但它們意義不同。let off和let out都是"放掉","放出"的意思,let…alone是"不干涉","不管"的意思。只有[B]let…down(使……失望)符合題意。

  38[答案]A[考點]邏輯關(guān)系

 �。鄯治觯菥渥酉嚓P(guān)部分說,這并不是說大人必須接受不負責(zé)任的狀態(tài),然后又說,"他們可以幫助學(xué)生獲得一種責(zé)任感"。本題要求考生判斷兩句話之間是什么邏輯關(guān)系。

  從上下文中,我們可以看到,兩部分的意思是對立的,即后一部分與前一部分相反。在選項中,[B]On the average(按平均數(shù)計算)和[C]On the whole(總的看來)不符合題意,[D]On the other hand(另一方面)意思并不準(zhǔn)確,只有[A]On the contrary(相反)能夠準(zhǔn)確表達原文意思。

  39[答案]C[考點]動詞短語的辨析

 �。鄯治觯荼绢}要求考生識別選項中的動詞與句中的for搭配后構(gòu)成動詞短語。

  在選項中有三個動詞可與for搭配:standing for意為"代表",making for意為"走向",taking for意為"認(rèn)為,誤認(rèn)為"。但是這些意思填入空格后都不符合句意的要求。剩下的planning并不能與for構(gòu)成短語,但它填入空格后與上文的組織各種各樣的活動相關(guān)聯(lián)。這一部分的意思是"通過策劃以創(chuàng)造一些適合他們……的角色"。

  40[答案]A[考點]上下文推理

  [分析]句子相關(guān)部分說,"通過策劃以創(chuàng)造一些適合他們……的角色"。定語從句that are within their…修飾"角色",限定這些角色的性質(zhì)。那么它們的性質(zhì)是什么呢?

  本題要求考生判斷這些角色適合青少年的什么。在選項中有capabilities(能力),responsibilities(責(zé)任),proficiency(熟練程度)和efficiency(效率)。顯然只有選項[A]capabilities(能力)符合句意的要求。填入空格后句子的意思是"通過策劃創(chuàng)造一些適合他們能力,適合他們注意力持續(xù)時間的角色"。

  SectionⅢReading Comprehension

  Part A

  (Text 1)大意

  比爾·多諾萬肯定會喜歡網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這位美國間諜大王對情報著迷,他曾經(jīng)在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)時建立了戰(zhàn)略事務(wù)辦公室,后來又為中央情報局的成立打下了基礎(chǔ)。多諾萬相信,在諜報工作這個"大游戲"中可以使用任何手段。如今,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)改變了買書和寄信這樣的日�;顒�,也正在改變多諾萬曾經(jīng)從事的這個職業(yè)。

  比較近的這次改變不僅僅是一個人偷看別人的電子郵件的問題。這樣的電子間諜活動已經(jīng)存在了數(shù)十年。在過去的三四年中,國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)派生出一個可稱為點擊諜報的完整的產(chǎn)業(yè)。間諜們把它稱為"公開來源情報"。隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的增長,這樣的情報變得越來越有影響力。1995年,中央情報局舉辦了一次競賽,看誰能夠就"布朗迪"收集到比較多信息。勝者勝出了一大截,僅是弗吉尼亞的一個小公司,名為"公開來源解決方案",它的明顯優(yōu)勢是它對電子世界的把握。

  在這個新的電子世界中比較引起轟動的是一個叫司特雷福的公司,它是德克薩斯州奧斯汀市的一個私營的情報分析公司。該公司的業(yè)務(wù)(范圍包括從智利到俄羅斯的一系列國家)是將情報銷售給"麥克德莫國際"這樣的能源公司。它的許多預(yù)測在網(wǎng)上都可以查閱,網(wǎng)址為wwwstraitfordcom。

  該公司的總裁喬治·弗萊德曼說,他把網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界視為情報收集和情報發(fā)布兩方面相互增強的工具,是間諜們的夢想。上周,他的公司正在從世界的另一角落收集零散的信息,并預(yù)測在烏克蘭將發(fā)生一場危機。"一旦這個報道發(fā)布,我們將從烏克蘭突然新增500個瀏覽用戶,"曾經(jīng)做過政治學(xué)教授的弗萊德曼說,"我們將聽到其中一些人的回應(yīng)。"當(dāng)然,公開來源的諜報活動的確有它的風(fēng)險,因為很難區(qū)分正確與錯誤的信息。這正是司特雷福公司掙飯吃的地方。

  弗萊德曼只在奧斯汀市雇用了區(qū)區(qū)20位雇員。其中的一些有軍事情報工作背景。他把公司的"局外人"地位視為它成功的關(guān)鍵。司特雷福公司的簡報聽上去不像華盛頓當(dāng)局常常提供的躲閃的言辭

  
結(jié)束

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