考研臨考在即，而對(duì)于考研英語(yǔ)的復(fù)習(xí)也進(jìn)入到了比較為緊張的攻堅(jiān)階段。當(dāng)考生已經(jīng)較為充分地復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)閱讀和寫作等在考研中所占分?jǐn)?shù)比例較高的項(xiàng)目時(shí)，我們不妨把目光轉(zhuǎn)到在考研中相對(duì)占分比例較少的新題型上來(lái)。從歷年的考研實(shí)際情況來(lái)看，新題型盡管并不能左右考生的分?jǐn)?shù)走向，卻可以在一定程度上決定考生的成績(jī)可否更為理想。而新題型盡管要求相對(duì)多樣化，但是解題思路卻應(yīng)盡量求得簡(jiǎn)單，因?yàn)橘樖鲞^(guò)多的方法和技巧只會(huì)使得思路更加混亂，希望每位即將踏上考場(chǎng)的考生都能做到冷靜審慎仔細(xì)認(rèn)真，觀察分析考場(chǎng)上所遇到的問(wèn)題而并非是一味地依賴于方法或是技巧。

　　新題型的三類題型中：

　　(一)選擇搭配題

　　以2005至2008年的考題來(lái)看，2009年的當(dāng)家花旦很可能依然是選擇搭配題，也就是俗稱的7選5，從整體試題難度來(lái)看，2005年難于2006年，而2007的難度變化不大。2005年的難度遞增數(shù)量是典型的1：2：2，而2006年則比較均衡，是0：5：0，因2007的分布趨向于1：3：1。考生需要抓住新題型的脈門，也就是不求全，但求對(duì)，換句話說(shuō)，就是盡可能篩出簡(jiǎn)單題目的正確選項(xiàng)，而不是盲目的進(jìn)行通篇篩選。

　　解決選擇搭配題，技巧可長(zhǎng)篇大論，也可言簡(jiǎn)意賅。與其我們追求紛繁的技巧，不如靜心分析一下究竟該題型側(cè)重考查的方面是什么？基于對(duì)語(yǔ)段特征和文章結(jié)構(gòu)理解的題型，不要求我們像在其他項(xiàng)目中對(duì)詞匯語(yǔ)法等細(xì)節(jié)處進(jìn)行分析，而在于如何迅速而準(zhǔn)確地把握語(yǔ)段的主體概念。因此，選擇搭配題的解題中心思路就在于明確文中語(yǔ)段和選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)段的主體概念，繼而通過(guò)尋找文中語(yǔ)段和選項(xiàng)語(yǔ)段主體概念的搭配，從備選項(xiàng)中篩選可能選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)一步排除從而得出正確答案�！�2005，2006，2007均出現(xiàn)如下現(xiàn)象：

　　1.選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)引號(hào)或冒號(hào)、人名、大寫字母、數(shù)字、時(shí)間、可以迅速歸類篩選選項(xiàng)。

　　2.選項(xiàng)開始出現(xiàn)關(guān)聯(lián)詞，如and, or, but等，可以迅速歸類篩選。在無(wú)從確定選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)時(shí)，標(biāo)出每個(gè)選項(xiàng)中句子的主語(yǔ)或是中心詞(主要是名詞)，再通過(guò)通讀文章尋找吻合特征的若干選項(xiàng)，既可以穩(wěn)定情緒，也能夠提高正確率。

　　比較后記住，7選5不求全，但求對(duì)，如果時(shí)間有限的話，明確簡(jiǎn)單選項(xiàng)后，在可能項(xiàng)中猜也不失為可行之計(jì)。

　　下面以2006年真題為例，說(shuō)明以上內(nèi)容在具體應(yīng)試過(guò)程中的操作。

　　On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.

　　He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.

　　(41)______________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.

　　In March 1998, a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.

　　(42) ______________.

　　The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun ... and always bet with your head, not over it”. Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams's suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “l(fā)ure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.

　　(43) ______________.

　　The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.

　　(44) ______________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.

　　(45) ______________.

　　Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on——you might say addicted to——revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers' dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web's most profitable business.

　　(A) Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.

　　(B) It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?

　　(C) By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.

　　(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.

　　(E) David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.

　　(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.

　　(G) The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?

　　相對(duì)來(lái)講，確定句子中的主體概念一般是明確主語(yǔ)，(1)當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是從句或是過(guò)長(zhǎng)短語(yǔ)的話即是明確從句或是短語(yǔ)中中心詞，(2)當(dāng)句子是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)且主語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)即是表語(yǔ)，(3)當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)為代詞或出現(xiàn)特殊代詞(such，that等)時(shí)則說(shuō)明存在銜接，需留心。確定特殊細(xì)節(jié)包括：(1)大寫字母——人名、地名、專有名詞等(2)數(shù)字——時(shí)間、金錢等(3)特殊符號(hào)，如冒號(hào)，引號(hào)等。通常選項(xiàng)較短的情況下確定選項(xiàng)的主體概念要更為容易，可以在選項(xiàng)中標(biāo)注出一部分主體概念再在整篇閱讀中帶著確定的概念在文章中確定主體概念。

　　通過(guò)如上分析，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，

　　(41)中備選項(xiàng)有A，C，出現(xiàn)在段首，必然和后文主體概念對(duì)應(yīng)，因此選項(xiàng)的主體概念應(yīng)為he(Williams)，因此A和C候選。

　　(42)中備選項(xiàng)有A，E，較為困難，因?yàn)樵撐恢玫纳舷聝?nèi)容不明顯，上文的結(jié)尾處說(shuō)“the letter said that...”，因此下文內(nèi)容可能與信的內(nèi)容銜接，而信的內(nèi)容中主體概念仍為he；下文中出現(xiàn)“The Wall Street Journal reports that...”，銜接內(nèi)容也應(yīng)為報(bào)導(dǎo)內(nèi)容中的主體概念，而其中的主體概念為casino(賭場(chǎng))，而同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)主體概念的只有A，因此正確選項(xiàng)確定為A。由此進(jìn)一步確定(41)的正確選項(xiàng)為C。

　　(43)中備選項(xiàng)僅有B，E，較為困難在于其上下內(nèi)容同樣缺乏明確主體概念，不過(guò)鑒于已經(jīng)在之前確定的和在下面排除的選項(xiàng)，備選項(xiàng)只有B和E，而E的第二句“But don't bet on it.”和下文無(wú)法銜接，而B中的主體概念“l(fā)ure”和“will”均出現(xiàn)在上文的特殊細(xì)節(jié)中，詞匯的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)說(shuō)明B為正確選項(xiàng)。

　　(44)中備選項(xiàng)僅有F，出現(xiàn)在該段首，因此要與后文構(gòu)成銜接必然在主體概念上對(duì)應(yīng)，而后句的主體概念為society(社會(huì))，符合的選項(xiàng)僅有F。

　　(45)中備選項(xiàng)有D，G，比較后一段首句的主體概念是states(州)，而在選項(xiàng)中能與states對(duì)應(yīng)的概念只有g(shù)overnment，因此D，G選項(xiàng)為備選，而G選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了online gambling(在線賭博)，而該概念僅在比較后一段中出現(xiàn)過(guò)，并且不是中心概念，僅是句中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，不構(gòu)成語(yǔ)篇銜接，因此正確選項(xiàng)為D。

　　因此正確的答案順序?yàn)椋篊 A B F D

　　(二)段落排序題

　　排序題型迄今為止還從未被考到，主要原因可能就在于考排序不如考選擇搭配。因?yàn)榕判虻倪x項(xiàng)均是正確選項(xiàng)。確定線索的思路和選擇搭配題是一致的，只是在于理清選項(xiàng)間的順序，因此首先確定第一題和比較后一題的范圍是有憑據(jù)的，就在于題目給出的文章的首尾段。因而考生只需要從給出選項(xiàng)中確定與首位段內(nèi)容相切合的選項(xiàng)隨后再做判斷就會(huì)更為容易。

　　(三)主旨/舉例題

　　2008年考到主旨/舉例題相信讓很多08年的考生頗為開懷，畢竟，相比起前兩類題型，后者更為易于判斷和排除，重點(diǎn)就在于抓住所給段落的主旨句。而主旨句的位置常出現(xiàn)在段落的首句或是二句，另外需要留意段落中出現(xiàn)的but，yet，however等轉(zhuǎn)折詞也可能標(biāo)志著主旨句位置的改變。將主旨句的內(nèi)容和給出選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較即可對(duì)所給選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行排除，由此就可輕松得出正確答案。

　　綜上所述，考研新題型與其說(shuō)是考察考生的英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用能力，倒不如說(shuō)是考察考生結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容分析判斷主旨并確定上下文關(guān)系的能力，因而考生也可以利用閱讀多對(duì)這一能力進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)，由此也可以對(duì)于新題型的解題起到幫助，而專門復(fù)習(xí)新題型的比較佳方式仍是基于歷年真題，畢竟這是解決考研的上選之道。希望所有考生都能藉此順利通過(guò)考研，一圓心中夢(mèng)想。