2017年考研英語二模擬測試卷

來源：時間：2016-12-04 08:44:59

2017年考研英語二模擬測試卷

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

America's Federal Reserve cut interest rates by another quarter-point, to 3.75%. Wall Street, which had been 1 for a sixth half-point cut, was disappointed. The Dow fell by 2% 2 the week. The past week's economic statistics gave mixed signals. Exports dropped by 2% in both March and April, largely 3 a decline in high-tech investment 4 ; the merchandise-trade 5 widened to $458 billion in the 12 months 6 April. 7 , The Conference Board's index of consumer confidence was higher than 8 in June.

Concerns 9 inflation in the euro area 10 . Preliminary data 11 that German consumer-price inflation fell to 3.1% in the year to June, from 3.5% in May; wage growth 12 to 1.4% in April, a real pay cut of 1.5%. Some economists fear that Germany is on the 13 of recession. The IFO index of business confidence dropped more 14 than expected in May, and the institute has cut its forecast of GDP 15 this year to only 1.2%, well 16 the German government's forecast of 2%.

The euro area's current-account deficit narrowed to $30 billion in the 12 months to April. Britain's deficit in the first quarter was its smallest 17 1998, 18 record investment income.

There was more bad news from Japan, 19 retail sales in large stores fell by 3.2% in May, the 37th consecutive monthly fall. The yen fell 20 the dollar, touching almost Yen 125 On one point.

1.	A. expecting	B. hoping	C. wishing	D. dreaming
2.	A. in	B. above	C. during	D. about
3.	A. because of	B. since	C. because	D. thanks to
4.	A. at home	B. home	C. from abroad	D. abroad
5.	A. deficit	B. shortage	C. scarcity	D. shortfall
6.	A. to	B. until	C. up	D. onto
7.	A. Although	B. Therefore	C. However	D. Hence
8.	A. projected	B. planned	C. predicted	D. expected
9.	A. on	B. for	C. of	D. over
10.	A. stopped	B. eased	C. relieved	D. improved
11.	A. showed	B. demonstrated	C. illustrated	D. explained
12.	A. reduced	B. cut	C. slow	D. lessened
13.	A. edge	B. rim	C. lip	D. brink
14.	A. harshly	B. huskily	C. strictly	D. severely
15.	A. growth	B. rise	C. increase	D. escalation
16.	A. above	B. below	C. high	D. low
17.	A. after	B. since	C. until	D. towards
18.	A. owe to	B. because of	C. on account of	D. thanks to
19.	A. where	B. which	C. what	D. who
20.	A. in opposition to	B. opposed to	C. against	D. versus

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Reading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

France，which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:”We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people”. The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance.

Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

21. According to the first paragraph，what would happen in France?

[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.

[B] New runways would be constructed.

[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.

[D] The fashion industry would decline.

22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2，Para.2) is closest in meaning to

[A] heightening the value of

[B] indicating the state of

[C] losing faith in

[D] doing harm to

23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry？

[A] The French measures have already failed.

[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.

[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure.

[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.

24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for

[A] pursuing perfect physical conditions

[B] caring too much about model’s character.

[C] showing little concern for health factors

[D] setting a high age threshold for models.

25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

[A] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

[B] A Dilemma for the Starving models in France

[C] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

Text 2

There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future”, the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.

Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper — printing presses, delivery trucks — isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print away. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Joah Peretti.

Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way.” Fighting out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense of them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”

Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example seen as a blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”

The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,”Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words, if you’re going to make a print product ,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it,which way be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs $500 a year — more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.

“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,”Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive. ”

26.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to

[A]the pressure from its investors.

[B]the complaints from its readers.

[C]the high cost of operation.

[D]the increasing online ad sales.

27. Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should

[A]make strategic adjustments

[B]end the print edition for good.

[C]seek new sources of readership.

[D]aim for efficient management.

28. It can be inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”

[A]will have the cost of printing reduced.

[B]is meant for the most loyal customers.

[C]helps restore the glory of former times.

[D]expands the popularity of the paper.

29. Peretti believes that, in a changing world,

[A]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.

[B]aggressiveness better meets challenges.

[C]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.

[D]legacy businesses are becoming outdated.

30. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?

[A]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good.

[B]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion.

[C]Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your Hand.

[D]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once.

Text 3

The term "joint international business venture", joint venture for short, has come to mean many things to many people. It sometimes is taken to mean any joint relationship between one or more foreign firms and one or more local firms. Such a broad definition is excluded here. Joint venture will be taken to mean joint ownership of an operation in which at least one of the partners is foreign based.

　　 Joint ventures can take many forms. A foreign firm may take a majority share, a minority share, or an equal share in ownership. While it is not necessary to have financial control or to have operating control, some firms refuse to use the joint venture form if it is not possible to have a majority position in ownership. There are firms that have few qualms about holding minority position, however, so long as they can have operating control. They achieve this through technical-aid, management, or supply contracts.

　　It should be recognized that maintaining operating control is sometimes difficult if one does not have financial control too. Objectives of the participants may diverge; when they do,financial control becomes important. Management may wish to reinvest earnings while the majority of the board may wish earnings distributed as dividends. Unless policy issues of this kind can be settled amicably, lack of financial control can prove to be very unsatisfactory, if not fatal.

Many joint ventures emerge as matters of necessity: that is, no single firm is willing to assume the risks entailed, while a consortium of firms is. Large, capital-intensive, long-lived investments are natural candidates for the joint venture. Exploitation of resource deposits often is done by a consortium of several petroleum or mining firms. Roles are parceled out even though each phase of the operation is owned jointly. One firm does the actual mining, another provides transportation, and still another does the refining and extraction. There is a wide variety of combinations.

Also the joint venture can pose problems, especially if it is an enforced marriage of partners. For many ventures in small countries, it is difficult to find a suitable local partner, that is, one with sufficient capital and know how to be able to contribute to the partnership. In some developing countries, a small handful of families control the entire locally-owned part of the industrial structure. Under these circumstances, a joint venture merely insulates them further from independent, foreign-owned plants that would compete against them. For this and other reasons, the only suitable partner may end up being the government itself. Most multinational firms, however, shy away from such arrangements where possible.

　　 31The phrase "joint venture" mentioned in the first paragraph refers to .

　　 [A].any joint relationship between one foreign firm and one local firm

　　 [B].any joint relationship between foreign firms

　　 [C].joint ownership of an operation in which at least one of the partners is foreign based

　　 [D].all of the above

　　 32 The word "qualms" in the second paragraph may have the equal meaning with .

　　 [A].abilities　　[B].worries　　[C].possibilities　　[D].limits

　　 33 According to the author, which of the following is most important?

　　 [A].Majority position.　　[B].Operating control.

　　 [C].Financial control.　　[D].Support of the government.

　　 34 Which of the following is not the advantages of the joint venture?

　　 [A].It can assume more risks.

　　 [B].It may gather more capital.

　　 [C].Large and long-lived investment can be carried out.

　　 [D].The partners will make concerted efforts towards one target.

　　 35 Which of the following is true according to the text?

　　 [A]. A foreign firm often takes a majority share in a joint venture.

　　 [B].Lack of financial control may be fatal to a firm participating in joint venture.

　　 [C].Joint venture is very helpful to developing countries.

　　 [D].Government is the best partner in a joint venture.

TEXT 4

Healthy soda? That may strike some as an oxymoron. But for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, it's a marketing opportunity.

In coming months, both companies will introduce new carbonated drinks that are fortified with vitamins and minerals: Diet Coke Plus and Tava, which is PepsiCo's new offering. They will be promoted as "sparkling beverages." The companies are not calling them soft drinks because people are turning away from traditional soda, which has been hurt in part by publicity about its link to obesity.

While the soda business remains a $68 billion industry in the United States, consumers are increasingly reaching for bottled water, sparkling juices and green tea drinks. In 2005, the amount of soda sold in this country dropped for the first in recent history. Even the diet soda business has slowed.

Coca-Cola's chief executive, E. Neville Isdell, clearly frustrated that his industry has been singled out in the obesity debate, insisted at a recent conference that his diet products should be included in the health and wellness category because, with few or no calories, they are a logical answer to expanding waistlines.

"Diet and light brands are actually health and wellness brands," Mr. Isdell said. He asserted that Diet Coke Plus was a way to broaden the category to attract new consumers.

Tom Pirko, president of Bevmark, a food and beverage consulting firm, said it was "a joke" to market artificially sweetened soft drinks as healthy, even if they were fortified with vitamins and minerals. Research by his firm and others shows that consumers think of diet soft drinks as "the antithesis of healthy," he said. "These consumers comment on putting something synthetic and not natural into their bodies when they consume diet colas," Mr. Pirko said. "And in the midst of a health and welfare boom, that ain't good."

The idea of healthy soda is not entirely new. In 2004, Cadbury Schweppes caused a stir when it unveiled 7Up Plus, a low-calorie soda fortified with vitamins and minerals. Last year, Cadbury tried to extend the healthy halo over its regular 7Up brand by labeling it "100 percent natural." But the company changed the label to "100 percent natural flavor" after complaints from a nutrition group that a product containing high-fructose corn syrup should not be considered natural, and 7Up Plus has floundered.

The new fortified soft drinks earned grudging approval from Michael F. Jacobson, executive director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a nutrition advocacy group and frequent critic of regular soft drinks, which it has labeled "liquid candy."

A survey by Morgan Stanley found that only 10 percent of consumers interviewed in 2006 considered diet colas a healthy choice, compared with 14 percent in 2003. Furthermore, 30 percent of the consumers who were interviewed last year said that they were reluctant to drink beverages with artificial sweeteners, up from 21 percent in 2004.

36. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo call their new drinks "sparkling beverages" instead of " soft drinks" because _______.

[A]. the new name sounds more brilliant and attracts more people

[B]. the old name reminds people that they may cause people adding weight

[C]. the new drinks are fortified with vitamins and minerals

[D]. people are turning away from traditional soda

37. The sentence "with few or no calories, they are a logical answer to expanding waistlines" (Para. 4) means ________.

[A]. they can give a reasonable answer to waistlines

[B]. they are the logical reason of makingpeople expand waistlines

[C]. they will not cause obesity since they have few or no calories

[D]. it is logical that they may expand people's waistlines

38. Tom Pirko's attitude on promoting the soft drinks as healthy is ________.

[A]. joking [B]. positive [C]. negative [D]. Indifferent

39. The word "floundered" (Line 6, Para.7) implies ________.

[A]. stumbled [B]. struggled [C]. flustered [D]. Troubled

40. The data in the last paragraph implies ________.

[A]. the soft drinks will be singled out in the near future

[B]. the marketing opportunities for these companies are not successful

[C]. people are paying more and more attention to their health

[D]. people think the soft drink is not healthy

Part B

Directions:

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about a park naturalist. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A—F for each numbered paragraph (41—45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)

[A]Becoming a naturalist

[B]Seeing wonder in the ordinary

[C]A changing role

[D]Disgusting and embarrassing moments

[E]What does a park naturalist do?

[F]What does it take to be a park naturalist?

I have the best job in the Wisconsin State Park System. As a park naturalist at Peninsula State Park, I am busy writing reports, creating brochures about trees or flowers, and sometimes visiting schools．And, of course, I make sure Peninsula’s feathered friends are well fed.

41. _____________

As a park naturalist I am a writer, a teacher, a historian and, if not a social worker, at least a mentor to young people interested in the environment. I love the diversity of my job. Every day is different. Most tasks require creativity. Now that I am an experienced naturalist, I have the freedom to plan my own day and make decisions about the types of programs that we offer at Peninsula.

42. _____________

In my first naturalist job, I spent four out of five days leading school field trips and visiting classrooms. As a state park naturalist I still work with students, but more often lead programs like bird walks, nature crafts, outdoor skills, and trail hikes. I also find myself increasingly involved in management decisions. For example, sometimes the park naturalist is the person who knows where rare orchids grow or where ravens nest. When decisions are made about cutting trees, building trails, or creating more campsites. naturalists are asked to give the “ecological perspective.”

43. _____________

Perhaps the grossest thing I’ve done as a naturalist is to boil animal skulls. Visitors like seeing bones and skins—at least after they have been cleaned up! Once, our nature center needed more skulls. A trapper gave me muskrat, raccoon and fox skulls but I had to clean them. First, I boiled the skin and meat off. Boy, did that stink! Then I used dissecting tools and old toothbrushes to clean out the eyeballs. Finally, I soaked the skulls in a bleach solution. I’ve had some embarrassing experiences, too. On my first hike as Peninsula’s new naturalist, I was so excited that I identified a white pine tree as a red pine tree! That’s quite a mistake since the trees are so easy to tell apart. White pine needles are in bundles of five and red pine needles are in bundles of two.

44. _____________

Not all state parks are as busy or as big as Peninsula. Not all park naturalists spend the seasons as I do. Nevertheless, park naturalists share certain common interests and responsibilities: A park naturalist might notice that branches of a red maple growing in a field reach out to the side while those of a red maple in a thick forest reach up, and wonder why the trees look different. A naturalist makes things happen. It might be working with workers to clean up part of a river. Park naturalists share knowledge in different ways, but all of them communicate with people. A love of learning--from other people, from plants and animals, from books, and more—is an essential quality. Most naturalists don’t work in places of rare beauty. Many work in city parks or in places that show “wear and tear.” If you can wonder about an inchworm, a juniper bush, or a robin and cause others to wonder, too, then you are ready to become a park naturalist.

45. _____________

If you think you want to become a park naturalist, do the following:

Explore your home landscape. Knowing how people have shaped the land where you live-and how the land has shaped them-will lend a comparison that will serve you well.

Start a field sketch book．Sketch what you see, where and when. The reason is not to practice art skills (though you may discover you have a talent) but, rather, to practice observation skills.

Go to college. You will need a 4-year degree. There are several academic routes that lead to the naturalist’s road. I have found ornithology, plant taxonomy and human growth and development to be among my most helpful courses.

Listen and learn. A college degree is like a ticket. It lets you board the plane but is only the beginning of the journey. Look and listen to those who have already traveled the road for ideas, knowledge and inspiration.

Section III Translation

46. Direction：Inthissection,thereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life. Creativity has come to be valued, because new technologies, new industries and new wealth flow from it. And as a result, our lives and society have begun to echo with creative ideas. It is our commitment to creativity in its varied dimensions that forms the underlying spirit of our age.

Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today, and in many senses always has been. The big advances in standard of living — not to mention the big competitive advantages in the marketplace — always have come from "better recipes, not just more cooking." One might argue that's not strictly true. One might point out, for instance, that during the long period from the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times, much of the growth in productivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just from creative inventions like the steam engine, but from the widespread application of "cooking in quantity" business methods like massive division of labor, concentration of assets, vertical integration and economies of scale. But those methods themselves were creative developments.

Section IV Writing

Part A

47. Directions:

You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:

1) detailed information about the books you want,

2) methods of payment,

3) time and way of delivery.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name, using "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

Part B

48. Directions:

In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following table. In your essay, you should

1)describe the table and,