2017考研英語(yǔ)寒假備考：英語(yǔ)練習(xí)第一天

　　2017考研備戰(zhàn)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，考研英語(yǔ)如何備考?寒假來(lái)臨，怎樣抓住考研英語(yǔ)練習(xí)的大好機(jī)會(huì)，打好英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)水平?本專(zhuān)題為廣大2017考研學(xué)子精心準(zhǔn)備了一份英語(yǔ)寒假作業(yè)，為期15天，每天都有不一樣的精彩，望大家堅(jiān)持練習(xí)，打好考研英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)!

　　第一天

　　詞匯部分：

　　1. The atmosphere ________ of certain gases mixed together in definite proportions.

　　A) composes

　　B) comprises

　　C) consists

　　D) constitutes

　　2. While he was in the office he________ doing something to doing nothing.

　　A) preferred

　　B) liked

　　C) favoured

　　D) approved

　　3. Metals________ when cooled and expand when heated.

　　A) decrease

　　B) reduce

　　C) condense

　　D) contract

　　4. Take your raincoat with you________ it rains.

　　A) by chance

　　B) in case

　　C) at large

　　D) on occasion

　　5. He was afraid he would have to________ her invitation to the party.

　　A) refute

　　B) refuse

　　C) reject

　　D) decline

　　6.At the Committee last Saturday the following proposal was agreed________ by those present.

　　A) to

　　B) with

　　C) over

　　D) at

　　7. We went to see the exhibition________ the storm.

　　A) but for

　　B) in spite of

　　C) for the sake of

　　D) instead of

　　8.To my surprise, at yesterday’s meeting he again brought________ the plan that had been disapproved a week before.

　　A) about

　　B) out

　　C) back

　　D) up

　　9. The doctor took X-rays to________ the chance of broken bones.

　　A) make sure

　　B) rule out

　　C) break down

　　D) knock out

　　10. He felt it rather difficult to take a stand________ the opinion of the majority.

　　A) for

　　B) against

　　C) to

　　D) by

　　11.He has behaved in the most extraordinary way recently; I can’t________ his behaving like that at all.

　　A) look into

　　B) break through

　　C) account for

　　D) get over

　　12. How did it come________ that you made a lot of mistakes in your homework?

　　A) about

　　B) along

　　C) around

　　D) by

　　13. He could produce no evidence________ his argument.

　　A) in respect of

　　B) in view of

　　C) in support of

　　D) on account of

　　14.The government should________ with the irrational regulations restricting drinking hours.

　　A) break away

　　B) come up

　　C) get away

　　D) do away

　　15. I know him well enough to accept his explanation________ .

　　A) without question

　　B) by all means

　　C) at any cost

　　D) in any case

　　16. It was a small country house, but it was large________ urban standards.

　　A) at

　　B) for

　　C) by

　　D) from

　　17.The travellers sought shelter________ the rain and happened to find a road-side inn.

　　A) from

　　B) against

　　C) for

　　D) with

　　18. All our attempts to________ the child from drowning were in vain.

　　A) regain

　　B) recover

　　C) reserve

　　D) rescue

　　19. This is the first draft of the book. Please feel perfectly free to________ it.

　　A) deal with

　　B) comment on

　　C) cope with

　　D) dwell on

　　20. I was always taught that it was________ to interrupt.

　　A) rude

　　B) coarse

　　C) rough

　　D) crude

　　語(yǔ)法部分：

　　1. The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.

　　A. when B. why C. whether D. that

　　2. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.

　　A. why B. where C. what D. how

　　3. — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

　　— Is that ____ you had a few days off?

　　A. why B. when C. what D. where

　　4. ____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.

　　A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that

　　5. ____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.

　　A. What; because B. What; that

　　C. That; what D. That; because

　　6. — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

　　— Oh, that’s ____.

　　A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about

　　C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited

　　7. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.

　　A. running; that B. run; who 　　C. running; who D. run; that

　　8. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.

　　A. when B. where C. that D. on which

　　9. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.

　　A. where B. when C. which D. how

　　10. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .

　　A. that the little girl asks him

　　B. the little girl asks him to

　　C. for the little girl to ask him

　　D. what the little girl asks him

　　答案：

　　詞匯部分

　　1. 答案C.consist of“由……組成(或構(gòu)成)”(作此義解時(shí)該短語(yǔ)只有主動(dòng)態(tài)，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)態(tài)，不能說(shuō)be consisted of)compose vt . “(若干部分)構(gòu)成(整體)”(其被動(dòng)態(tài)be consisted of 與consist of 同義)comprise vt. “包括，包含，由……組成;組成，構(gòu)成”(該詞相當(dāng)于compose和be composed of兩個(gè)意思)constitute vt .“組成，構(gòu)成，形成”

　　2. 答案A.prefer vt .“更喜歡”(常使用的正確句型是：prefer A to B; prefer doing A to doing B; prefer to do A rather than [to] do B;prefer that sb[should] do sth)like和favour兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面都可以跟-ing，但不用like/favour(doing) A to (doing) B句型approve vt .“贊成，同義;批準(zhǔn)，核準(zhǔn)”

　　3. 答案D. Contract v.“收縮，縮小，縮短”(如contract one's muscles; One's muscles contract.)decrease v.“減小，減少”reduce vt .“減少，縮小”

　　4. 答案B.in case “以防萬(wàn)一，假如”(后面直接跟從句，從句謂語(yǔ)多用一般時(shí)態(tài)，也可用should/may+原形動(dòng)詞，但不直接用原形動(dòng)詞;美國(guó)人常把in case+從句放在句首，表示“如果”，如In case I forget，please remind me about it;但有時(shí)in case可以單獨(dú)用，后面不跟從句，表示“以防出現(xiàn)萬(wàn)一”，如

　　It may not rain，but you had better take an umbrella just in case.)by chance“偶然，碰巧”at large(標(biāo)語(yǔ))“(罪犯)逍遙法外的，未被捕獲的”;(作后置定語(yǔ))“大多數(shù)的”(如students at large)on occasion“有時(shí)，間或”

　　5. 答案D。deline vt.“婉辭，謝絕(邀請(qǐng));不愿(做某事)”(后面跟不定式);vi.“下降，減少，衰落”△refuse vt.“批駁，駁斥，駁倒”(賓語(yǔ)可以是人或某人的論點(diǎn))refuse vt.“拒絕(給予或接受)”(句型：refuse sth/to-V)reject vt.“拒絕，駁回;據(jù)納，退回”(后面只能跟名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，不跟其他句型)

　　6. 答案A。agree to sth ：“同意，贊成”(相當(dāng)于consent to，其賓語(yǔ)可以是極化、辦法、措施、方案等名詞);agree后面還常跟with/on: agree with sb/sb’ opinion“同意某人的看法”;agree with 另一個(gè)常考的意思是“適合于<某人>”，常以食物或天氣作主語(yǔ)，(如The weather/Sea food doesn’t agree with me .)agree on “(在某問(wèn)題上)取得一致意見(jiàn)“;agree with sb. about/on/over sth”在……上同意某人的看法”;不說(shuō)agree at sth

　　7. 答案B。in spite of “雖然，盡管;不顧”but for“若不是”(多用于引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非真實(shí)的條件)for the sake of “為了，為了……的利益，看在……的份上”instead of“而不，作為……的替代”

　　8. 答案D. bring up“(在會(huì)上)提出(問(wèn)題供討論或引起注意);培養(yǎng)，教育(子女)”bring about sth“引起，導(dǎo)致”bring out“使顯出;出版，推出”bring back“帶回來(lái)”

　　9. 答案D。rule out“排除(可能性)”make sure(that…/to do sth) “查明，弄確實(shí);務(wù)必(做某事)”break down“損壞;(身體)垮下來(lái);(機(jī)器)出故障”，knock out“擊昏，擊倒”

　　10. 答案B。take a stand for/against sth“對(duì)……表明態(tài)度支持/反對(duì)”(注：take a stand后面不跟to/by sth)

　　11. 答案C。account for“說(shuō)明或解釋(原因);說(shuō)明(錢(qián)是怎么花的);占……(多大部分)”(如account for one’s absence from class; account for the money spent; Women account for half of the population.)look into“調(diào)查，了解”break through“突破，突圍”get over“克服(困難);解決(問(wèn)題);從(疾病、失望、震驚中)恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)”

　　12. 答案A。come(about)“發(fā)生，造成”(多用于how疑問(wèn)句中，也可用于陳述句，在非正式英語(yǔ)中還可簡(jiǎn)化為How come +從句?如How come you were late for class yesterday?)come along“進(jìn)行，進(jìn)展;(機(jī)會(huì))出現(xiàn);(用在祈使句中)趕快，快點(diǎn)”come around“蘇醒;順訪”come by sth=get obtain“得到”

　　13. 答案C.in support of(狀語(yǔ))“支持，證明”in respect of/with respect to“至于，關(guān)于”in view of“由于，鑒于;考慮到”on account of(狀語(yǔ))“由于，因?yàn)?rdquo;

　　14. 答案D。do away with sth“廢除，消除，去掉;干掉，處理掉”break away(from)“突然離開(kāi)，突然逃掉;與……決裂;改掉(壞習(xí)慣)”(不說(shuō)break away with)come up with“提出，提供，想出(主意、辦法、方案等)”get away with“攜帶……而逃”

　　15. 答案A。without question“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地，毫無(wú)異議地;不加懷疑地”(作狀語(yǔ)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或放在be后面修飾表語(yǔ)，如He can do the work well without question; He is without question the best player on the team.還可以說(shuō)beyond question“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，確定無(wú)疑”，不過(guò)該短語(yǔ)一般作表語(yǔ)或修飾表語(yǔ))by all means“盡一切辦法;務(wù)必”at any cost/at all costs“不惜任何代價(jià)，無(wú)論如何”on any case“無(wú)論如何，不管怎樣”

　　16. 答案C。by…standards“按照……的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量”(不與其他三個(gè)介詞搭配)

　　17. 答案A。shelter n.“掩蔽處，躲避處;掩蔽，保護(hù)”(seek/take/find sheler from the rain or other dangers“宣召避雨<或躲避其它危險(xiǎn)>的地方”，do sth under shelter of“在……的掩護(hù)下做某事”，可以說(shuō)seek/take shelter in…for the night“在…過(guò)夜”;shelter不與against/with搭配)

　　18. 答案D。rescue vt./n/“營(yíng)救，援救”(rescue sb from“把……從……救出”;come/go to sb’s rescue“前去營(yíng)救某人”)○regain vt.“重新獲得，收復(fù)，恢復(fù)”recover vt.“重新獲得，重新找到;收回，挽回”reserve vt.“保留，留存;預(yù)定(座位)”

　　19. 答案B. comment on sth “對(duì)……發(fā)表評(píng)論”deal with sth“處理;論述;涉及”cope with sth(difficult)“(設(shè)法)對(duì)付，應(yīng)付(困難的問(wèn)題或局面)”△dwell on/upon sth“詳述，強(qiáng)調(diào);老是想著(某事)”

　　20.答案A。rude adj.“粗魯?shù)�，不禮貌的;粗糙的，簡(jiǎn)陋的(工具等)”(如a rude child; rude behavior; rude remarks; rude tools)coarse adj.“粗糙的(材料、質(zhì)地);粗俗的(語(yǔ)言、舉止)”rough adj.“粗糙的(材料);粗魯?shù)�，粗暴�?行為);粗略的，大致的：crude adj.”天然的，未加工的;簡(jiǎn)陋的，粗糙的“

　　語(yǔ)法部分

　　1. [答案] D

　　[解析] 下劃線處之后是包含一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的表語(yǔ)從句， 如果看不出它是充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的表語(yǔ)從句將難以把握整個(gè)句子的意思。因此， 應(yīng)選擇可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句且不充當(dāng)任何成分的that。

　　2. [答案] B

　　[解析] 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)系動(dòng)詞is后的表語(yǔ)從句并在該表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(“disagree”屬于不及物動(dòng)詞， “I disagree”本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu))， 下劃線應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞where， 表語(yǔ)從句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之處、 我不同意的地方”。

　　3. [答案] A

　　[解析] 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)與系動(dòng)詞is連用的表語(yǔ)從句并在該表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)， 下劃線應(yīng)填入表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的結(jié)果)的引導(dǎo)詞why。

　　4. [答案] A

　　[解析] 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在該主語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)， 特指她所不理解的事情， 應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what; 第二個(gè)下劃線處表示“因此……”(指因某種原因所造成的后果， 由why引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句)而不是“為什么……”(指原因、 理由， 由because引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句)， 應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞why。

　　5. [答案] B

　　[解析] 第一個(gè)下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在該主語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)， 特指令校方驕傲的事情， 應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞what; 第二個(gè)下劃線處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句表示原因、 理由， 應(yīng)由that引導(dǎo)對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句。

　　6. [答案] A

　　[解析] A選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺(jué)激動(dòng)的事物”; B選項(xiàng)的意思是“我覺(jué)得激動(dòng)的任何事物”; C選項(xiàng)的意思是“我對(duì)它感覺(jué)的方式”; D選項(xiàng)的意思是“令我感覺(jué)激動(dòng)的時(shí)間”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A比較適合跟代表“game”的主語(yǔ)that對(duì)應(yīng)， 充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)從句。

　　7. A. 主語(yǔ)與run(延伸)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。Those指街道，所以不用who而用that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

　　8. B. 因?yàn)樵诖祟}中where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，表示“在這種種況下”，與in which相當(dāng)。

　　9. A. 因?yàn)橄刃性~是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

　　10. B. 答案B是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句，另外，to后還省略了動(dòng)詞原形paint。