長難句，考研英語翻譯的難點(diǎn)，體現(xiàn)在兩方面：一是修飾成分較多，二是句子結(jié)構(gòu)層次較復(fù)雜。因此，長難句的結(jié)構(gòu)分析顯得尤為重要。這也是備考2015考研的考生遇到的難點(diǎn)。對此，文都考研網(wǎng)校的老師列舉了一些常見的考研英語長難句，并對這些長難句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)解析，以幫助考生們快速突破考研英語長難句。

　　1. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.

　　解析：本句結(jié)構(gòu)相對較復(fù)雜。主干是The company provoked justified outrage … when …，中間出現(xiàn)一個(gè)分隔結(jié)構(gòu)a major energy supplier in New England, 說明the company。后面出現(xiàn)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations. 我們在翻譯時(shí)要注意要把分隔結(jié)構(gòu)及狀語從句提前。同時(shí)注意本句中出現(xiàn)的以下詞匯的意思：provoked justified outrage，理所當(dāng)然激起憤怒;reneging on a longstanding commitment，違背長期的承諾;abide by遵守。

　　參考譯文：這家公司是新英格蘭的主要能源供應(yīng)商，當(dāng)它上周宣布違背遵守嚴(yán)格的核規(guī)則這一長期承諾時(shí)，理所當(dāng)然的激起了佛蒙特州人民的憤怒。

　　2. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.

　　解析：本句較長，但是結(jié)構(gòu)不是很復(fù)雜。出現(xiàn)了賓語從句contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through和定語從句in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word. 注意本句中的專業(yè)術(shù)語：social cure社會(huì)治療;group dynamics團(tuán)體動(dòng)力學(xué);翻譯時(shí)定語從句可以單獨(dú)成句。

　　參考譯文：但Tina Rosenberg在她新書《加入俱樂部》中聲稱：同劑壓力也可以通過她口中的“社會(huì)治療”成為一種積極的力量。在社會(huì)治療中，組織和官員利用團(tuán)體動(dòng)態(tài)學(xué)的力量來幫助個(gè)人改善生活，甚至整個(gè)世界。

　　3. It is historically established that some societies have served as centers of cultural unification.

　　解析：本句較簡單，是it引導(dǎo)的形式主語。主語是some societies have served as centers of cultural unification. 翻譯時(shí)可以先翻譯that 后面的部分，served as 是擔(dān)任….，充當(dāng)…，起….的作用。

　　參考翻譯：歷史上證實(shí)：某些社團(tuán)起著文化統(tǒng)一的中心作用。

　　4. The next important function of culture is to instantly provide new interpretation to different situations arising from the traditional cultural elements transmitted to the group.

　　解析：本句的難點(diǎn)在于出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)后置定語。一個(gè)是arising from做situation的后置定語，一個(gè)是transmitted做elements 的后置定語，在翻譯后置定語時(shí)，我們要注意語序，首先要先按意群翻譯：源于傳統(tǒng)的文化元素，傳授給團(tuán)體的傳統(tǒng)的文化元素，我們可以整合下語序：源于傳授給團(tuán)體的傳統(tǒng)文化元素。

　　參考譯文：文化的下一個(gè)重要功能就是能夠?qū)Σ煌�的情況迅速做出全新的解釋，這些不同的情況源于傳授給團(tuán)體的傳統(tǒng)文化元素。

　　5. A technological advancement is gauged by the power it gives or the energy it consumes and the cost that is involved.

　　解析：本句的難點(diǎn)在于并列的后置定語it gives，it consumes，that is involved. 把后置定語直接作為形容詞短語放在前面就行，同時(shí)本句也出現(xiàn)了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)A technological advancement is gauged by…

　　參考譯文：技術(shù)改進(jìn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在于它所給予的能量，它所消耗的能源以及它涉及的價(jià)值。

　　6. The technology that was prevalent in the 1940’s used to be about 100 percent more expensive and about 1000 times energy consuming.

　　解析：本句要找準(zhǔn)主干：The technology used to be about 100 percent more expensive and about 1000 times energy consuming. 分辨出that引導(dǎo)的定語從句The technology that was prevalent in the 1940’s及隱含的比較句100 percent more expensive and about 1000 times energy consuming。

　　參考翻譯：20世紀(jì)40年代盛行的技術(shù)大約百分之一百的昂貴，并且所消耗的能源也是現(xiàn)在的1000倍。

　　7. The progress of the digital techniques mainly depends on computer’s development and the progress of digital transmission systems based on it have merged computer and communication.

　　解析：本句是and引導(dǎo)的并列句，注意based的后置定語 the progress of digital transmission systems based on it have merged computer and communication.翻譯時(shí)后置定語要提前。注意本句的詞匯：digital techniques數(shù)字科技;digital transmission systems數(shù)字傳播系統(tǒng)。

　　參考譯文：數(shù)字科技的進(jìn)步主要依賴于計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展，基于數(shù)字科技的數(shù)字傳播系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)步融合了計(jì)算機(jī)與交流兩部分。

　　以上便是文都網(wǎng)校老師與大家分享的長難句翻譯，長難句解析的重要性我們就不再強(qiáng)調(diào)了，考生要在精讀時(shí)養(yǎng)成這樣的分析句型結(jié)構(gòu)，記憶詞匯的良好習(xí)慣。希望考生在強(qiáng)化階段通過閱讀來鞏固這些語法點(diǎn)在句子中的翻譯，祝各位考生在強(qiáng)化階段收獲更多!