考研英語的文章一般選自國外的期刊或雜志,如《經(jīng)濟學(xué)家》、《泰晤士報》、《自然》、《時代周刊》等。為體現(xiàn)本書的實時性與真實性,本章摘選了來自這些期刊中比較為熱門的文章中的語句進行分析,希望幫助考生在復(fù)習(xí)過程中既掌握有效的理解長難句的方法,又能獲得第一手相關(guān)信息。
一、定語從句
「難句1」He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media which offers new opportunities to devicemakers, content producers and mobilenetwork operators. (The Economist Jan. 5, 2006)
「結(jié)構(gòu)分析」本句結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,是一個復(fù)合句。句首部分He is referring to the upsurge of interest in mobile television是主句,其后的a nascent industry at the intersection of telecoms and media…作mobile television的同位語,句末的關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句which offers new opportunities to devicemakers, content producers and mobilenetwork operators來修飾先行詞a nascent industry,關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語。
「參考譯文」他談到了眾人對移動電視的巨大興趣,這是一個在電信和媒體領(lǐng)域有交叉的新興產(chǎn)業(yè),它給設(shè)備制造商、電視內(nèi)容制作者以及移動網(wǎng)絡(luò)運營商提供了新的機遇。
「難句2」Meanwhile, Apple Computer, which launched a videocapable version of its iPod portable musicplayer in October, is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows that can be purchased for viewing on the device, including “Lost”, “Desperate Housewives” and “Law & Order”。 (The Economist Jan. 5, 2006)
「結(jié)構(gòu)分析」本句使用了分隔結(jié)構(gòu),體現(xiàn)了非限制性定語從句分隔,從句which launched a videocapable version of its iPod portable musicplayer in October修飾主語Apple Computer(關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語)分隔了主語和系動詞。連接后得到Meanwhile, Apple Computer is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows…其中that又引導(dǎo)定語從句that can be purchased for viewing on the device…修飾先行詞shows(關(guān)系代詞that在從句作主語,從句中使用了被動語態(tài)),句末的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)including “Lost”, “Desperate Housewives” and “Law & Order”作伴隨狀語,表明range of shows的具體內(nèi)容。
「參考譯文」與此同時,蘋果電腦公司在10月發(fā)售了一款可以觀看電視的便攜式音樂播放器iPod,這個播放器大大幫助了電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)擴大其可以供用戶購買的、用于在移動終端的節(jié)目范圍, 包括《迷失》、《絕望的主婦》以及《法律與秩序》。
二、名詞性從句
「難句3」The console can determine how the controller is moving in space and what it is pointing at, and uses that information to control what is happening on screen. (The Economist Dec. 2, 2006)
「結(jié)構(gòu)分析」以逗號后and為切入點,得到主句部分的并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)The console can determine…, and uses that information to control…,uses與can determine一起作該句的謂語。其中determine的賓語也以and切入,得到how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句how the controller is moving in space和what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句what it is pointing at(how在從句中作狀語,what在從句中作賓語);在use的賓語補足語to control…中,control的賓語使用了what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句what is happening on screen充當(dāng),what在從句中作主語。
「參考譯文」游戲機能測出手柄的移動軌跡,識別手柄指著屏幕上的什么東西,然后根據(jù)得到的信息控制屏幕上的游戲。
三、分隔結(jié)構(gòu)
「難句4」Adding a Bluetooth chip to a phone now costs very little—around $2, down from $20 in 2001—but allows the manufacturer to increase the price of the handset by far more, and opens up a new market for highmargin accessories. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006)
「結(jié)構(gòu)分析」本句是典型的破折號分隔。首先以連詞為切入點,得到Adding a Bluetooth chip to a phone now costs…but allows…, and opens up…,介詞短語around $2, down from $20 in 2001充當(dāng)?shù)姆指舫煞肿魃衔腸osts very little的具體解釋說明,分隔了前兩個并列的謂語。
「參考譯文」在手機里添加一個藍牙芯片的成本很低——從2001年時的20美元下降到2美元左右——但是可以允許制造者提高遠遠高出這個的價格,并且打開了一個高利潤附件的市場。
「難句5」It was refreshing, across the age groups of the children I met, to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how, with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me, they saw how relevant they were to their daily lives. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)
「結(jié)構(gòu)分析」本句使用了兩處分隔,均由逗號表現(xiàn)。第一處分隔across the age groups of the children I met,分隔了主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的一種特殊形式,即形容詞+to do作表語。去掉分隔部分,我們得到It was refreshing to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how, with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me, they saw how relevant they were to their daily lives.這里我們注意到see后面的賓語由兩個how引導(dǎo)的從句充當(dāng):how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how…清晰看到第二處分隔為介賓短語with a little bit of prompting from their teachers and me作的伴隨狀語。去掉分隔,得到It was refreshing to see how quickly they grasped the whole idea of human rights and how they saw how relevant they were to their daily lives,即由and并列的兩個how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。在第二個從句中,謂語say后仍然是由how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句how relevant they were to their daily lives充當(dāng)賓語。在翻譯時,我們可將兩個分隔部分所作的狀語提前。
「參考譯文」在我所見到的同年齡段的孩子們中,在我和他們的老師只給了一點兒提示的情況下,見證他們?nèi)绾慰焖俚仡I(lǐng)會人權(quán)的整體觀念,如何認識到人權(quán)與他們的生活密切相關(guān),這一點是非常讓人興奮的。
四、比較結(jié)構(gòu)
「難句6」Keep in mind, though, it‘s much more important to be able to show your manager how you contributed to the company’s results (such as incremental revenue or reduced cost) than just a difference in pay between you and someone else. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)
「結(jié)構(gòu)分析」本句使用了more…than…的比較結(jié)構(gòu)。以副詞though所充當(dāng)?shù)姆衷~結(jié)構(gòu)切入,本句為祈使句,keep后的賓語由省略了that的名詞性從句充當(dāng)。在此從句中,使用了it作形式主語,不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to be able to show your manager…作真正主語的形式,show后是雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu),than并列了比較的兩端,為(show your manager) how you contributed to the company‘s results和just a difference in pay between you and someone else.
「參考譯文」盡管如此,要記住向你的上司展示你對公司業(yè)績的貢獻(比如,提高收入降低成本)要比僅僅展示你和其他人的工資差別更為重要。
「難句7」It‘s much better for the manager to offer a pay increase, beaming with pride over his or her good judgment in hiring you, than for you to get the same pay increase by having to ask for it. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)
「結(jié)構(gòu)分析」本句的比較結(jié)構(gòu)與例(40)同,主干為It‘s much better for the manager to…than for you to…注意兩個逗號之間的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)beaming with pride over his or her good judgment in hiring you作前文It’s much better for the manager to offer a pay increase的目的狀語。
「參考譯文」上司為你加薪——為他或她錄用你的判斷而自豪高興,要比自己為獲得同樣的加薪而要求更好。
五、倒裝語序
「難句8」Not only does a green thing look different from a red thing, remind us of other green things and inspire us to say, “That‘s green”, but it also actually looks green: it produces an experience of sheer greenness that isn’t reducible to anything else. (Time Jan. 19, 2007)
「結(jié)構(gòu)分析」該句子中,逗號前表示否定的詞not only放在句首,使用了部分倒裝。正常語序為:a green thing looks not only different from a red thing,reminds us of other green things and inspires us to say, “That‘s green”。這是并列了三個謂語(look different…,remind us…and inspire us…)。but之后為遞進部分,but it also actually looks green…,其中冒號后為具體的解釋說明,并且這里包含一個定語從句that isn’t reducible to anything else,關(guān)系代詞that指代先行詞sheer greenness,在從句中作主語。
「參考譯文」一件綠色的東西不僅僅看起來與紅色的東西不同,使我們想起其他綠色的東西并刺激我們說:“那是綠色”,而且它確實看起來是綠色的:它產(chǎn)生了一個完全的綠色的經(jīng)驗,那不能簡化成任何其他事情。
「難句9」Clever though this is, it is just a stepping stone towards the direct incorporation of fuel cells into portable devices and, in particular, laptops—the application that remains the industry‘s Holy Grail. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006)
「結(jié)構(gòu)分析」本句體現(xiàn)了典型的將表語部分提前構(gòu)成的讓步狀語從句倒裝,還原后應(yīng)為though this is clever.主句為it is just a stepping stone towards the direct incorporation of fuel cells into portable devices and, in particular, laptops—the application that remains the industry‘s Holy Grail,其中包含incorporation…into…的結(jié)構(gòu),portable devices和laptops作介詞into的賓語。句末的名詞短語the application that remains the industry’s Holy Grail作上文的補充說明,其中包含that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾先行詞appplication.
「參考譯文」雖然這很聰明,但它只能算是通往直接將燃料電池與便攜設(shè)備整合的道路上的墊腳石,特別是對筆記本電腦而言——這一設(shè)備現(xiàn)在仍是工業(yè)界的圣杯。
六、并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)
「難句10」In each case the pattern is the same: young people adopt a new form of entertainment, older people are spooked by its unfamiliarity and condemn it, but eventually the young grow up and the new medium becomes accepted—at which point another example appears and the cycle begins again. (The Economist Jun. 18, 2006)
「結(jié)構(gòu)分析」以but為切入點,得到并列結(jié)構(gòu)“…,…,but…and…”即young people…, older people…, but eventually the young…and…其中第二個并列結(jié)構(gòu)older people are spooked by its unfamiliarity and condemn it中又由連詞and并列兩個謂語。句末使用了介詞提前的定語從句,其中which指代上文的一整句the new medium becomes accepted,與at一起作從句的時間狀語,其中從句中又由and并列兩個分句another example appears和 the cycle begins again.
「參考譯文」上述每一個實例都有著相同的模式:年輕人接受了一種新的娛樂形式,年長的人因陌生而受驚,于是對其批評指責(zé)。比較終,年輕人長大成人,于是新媒體被社會承認——此時,另一種娛樂形式出現(xiàn),循環(huán)模式再次開始。
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