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The Alaska Pipeline

　　The Alaska pipeline starts  at the frozen  edge  of the  Arctic ocean. It stretches southward across  the  largest and northernmost state in  the United States,  ending at a remote ice free seaport  village  nearly  800  miles  from  where  it  begins.  It  is  massive  in  size  and  extremely complicated to operate. The steel  pipe crosses windswept  plains  and  endless miles of  delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million gallons) of crude  oil  can  be pumped through it daily. Resting on  H shaped steel racks called"bents", long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up and down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the Arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permafrost(permanently frozen ground). A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of  terrain and  the properties of  the soil. One of  the  largest  in  the world, the pipeline cost approximately  ＄8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to  particular  shares  of  land  in  the  oil  fields  and  paid  into  the  pipeline construction  fund according  to  the  size  of  its  holdings.  Today,  despite  enormous  problems  of  climate,  supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements,  treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.
　　全文翻譯：阿拉斯加輸油管
　　阿拉斯加輸油管道以北冰洋的凍冰邊緣為起點(diǎn)，向南延伸穿過(guò)美國(guó)的比較北又是比較大的州，在離起點(diǎn)800英里以外的一個(gè)偏僻的不凍海港中止。它跨幅巨大，而且運(yùn)作極端復(fù)雜。這個(gè)鋼質(zhì)管道穿過(guò)強(qiáng)風(fēng)不斷的草原和無(wú)邊無(wú)盡的覆蓋于凍土之上的苔原。它盤(pán)垣于彎曲的峽谷之間，攀上陡峭的山峰，從巖石遍布的峭壁俯沖下來(lái)，穿越濃密的森林，從上或從下經(jīng)過(guò)成百上千條的河流與溪水。管道的直徑有四英尺，每天能運(yùn)送高達(dá)200百萬(wàn)桶(合8400萬(wàn)加侖)的原油。枕在H型的鐵架上，管道長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的一部分在冰凍地面的上空走著"之"字形。其它部分消失在松軟或堅(jiān)硬的地面下然后又回到地面上。管道這種或上或下的路線決定于嚴(yán)酷的極帶和副極帶氣候、復(fù)雜的地形和構(gòu)造各異的土壤、巖石、永久凍土。一大半管道懸在地面上空，其余部分則埋入3至12英尺的地下。 深淺大部分由地形狀況和土壤特征而定。作為世上比較大的管道之一，它花費(fèi)了將近80億美元，至今仍是私有產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)行的比較浩大比較昂貴的建筑工程。實(shí)際上，單個(gè)公司不可能拿出這么多的資金。為了分擔(dān)成本，八大石油公司組成了一個(gè)大財(cái)團(tuán)。每個(gè)公司都控制著油田中一定土地上的開(kāi)采權(quán)，并由股份的比例把資金投入到管道建設(shè)中。盡管有氣候嚴(yán)寒、供應(yīng)不足、設(shè)備損壞、勞工糾紛、地形復(fù)雜等巨大困難，并有一些管理上的不善甚至被盜現(xiàn)象，阿拉斯加管道現(xiàn)已峻工并正在運(yùn)行。